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{{short description|List of bodily actions used as nonverbal communication |
{{short description|List of bodily actions used as nonverbal communication}} |
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[[File:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at Columbia 6 by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|250px|People often use gestures during heated or tense [[argument]]s, such as at this [[Politics|political]] [[Demonstration (people)|demonstration]] (2007).]] |
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Singh In 2014 Cricket Stadium |
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[[File:Yo Yo Honey Singh and Huma Qureshi at Celebrity Cricket League 2014 (cropped).jpg]] |
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[[Gesture]]s are a form of [[nonverbal communication]] in which visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages, either in place of [[speech]] or together and in parallel with spoken words.<ref name=Kendon>{{Cite book|last=Kendon|first=Adam|year=2004|title=Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-83525-9}}</ref> Gestures include movement of the [[hand]]s, [[face]], or other parts of the [[Human body|body]]. Physical non-verbal communication such as purely [[Emotional expression|expressive]] displays, [[proxemics]], or displays of [[joint attention]] differ from gestures, which communicate specific messages.<ref name=Kendon/> Gestures are culture-specific and may convey very different meanings in different social or cultural settings.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Desmond|author1-link=Desmond Morris|last2=Collett|first2=Peter |last3=Marsh|first3=Peter|last4=O'Shaughnessy|first4=Marie|year=1979 |title=Gestures, Their Origins and Distribution|location=London|publisher=Cape|isbn=0-224-01570-2}}</ref> Hand gestures used in the context of [[public speaking]] or [[Musical conductor|musical conducting]] are '''chironomy''',<ref name=EB1>{{citation |last= |first= |editor-last=Smellie |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Smellie |display-editors=0 |contribution=[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, First Edition/Chironomy|Chironomy]] |title=[[:s:EB1|Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |edition=1st |volume=II |date=1771 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=[[Colin Macfarquhar]] }}.</ref> while those used in an elaborate system of specific communication are known as [[sign language]]. Although some gestures, such as the ubiquitous act of pointing, differ little from one place to another, most gestures do not have invariable or universal meanings, but connote specific meanings in particular cultures. A single emblematic gesture may have very different significance in different cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly offensive.<ref name=HumanGesture>{{Cite book|last=Kendon |first=Adam |year=1994|chapter=Human gestures|editor=K.R. Gibson and T. Ingold|title=Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> |
[[Gesture]]s are a form of [[nonverbal communication]] in which visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages, either in place of [[speech]] or together and in parallel with spoken words.<ref name=Kendon>{{Cite book|last=Kendon|first=Adam|year=2004|title=Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-83525-9}}</ref> Gestures include movement of the [[hand]]s, [[face]], or other parts of the [[Human body|body]]. Physical non-verbal communication such as purely [[Emotional expression|expressive]] displays, [[proxemics]], or displays of [[joint attention]] differ from gestures, which communicate specific messages.<ref name=Kendon/> Gestures are culture-specific and may convey very different meanings in different social or cultural settings.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Desmond|author1-link=Desmond Morris|last2=Collett|first2=Peter |last3=Marsh|first3=Peter|last4=O'Shaughnessy|first4=Marie|year=1979 |title=Gestures, Their Origins and Distribution|location=London|publisher=Cape|isbn=0-224-01570-2}}</ref> Hand gestures used in the context of [[public speaking]] or [[Musical conductor|musical conducting]] are '''chironomy''',<ref name=EB1>{{citation |last= |first= |editor-last=Smellie |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Smellie |display-editors=0 |contribution=[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, First Edition/Chironomy|Chironomy]] |title=[[:s:EB1|Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |edition=1st |volume=II |date=1771 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=[[Colin Macfarquhar]] }}.</ref> while those used in an elaborate system of specific communication are known as [[sign language]]. Although some gestures, such as the ubiquitous act of pointing, differ little from one place to another, most gestures do not have invariable or universal meanings, but connote specific meanings in particular cultures. A single emblematic gesture may have very different significance in different cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly offensive.<ref name=HumanGesture>{{Cite book|last=Kendon |first=Adam |year=1994|chapter=Human gestures|editor=K.R. Gibson and T. Ingold|title=Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> |
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Gestures are a form of nonverbal communication in which visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words.[1] Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body. Physical non-verbal communication such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint attention differ from gestures, which communicate specific messages.[1] Gestures are culture-specific and may convey very different meanings in different social or cultural settings.[2] Hand gestures used in the context of public speakingormusical conducting are chironomy,[3] while those used in an elaborate system of specific communication are known as sign language. Although some gestures, such as the ubiquitous act of pointing, differ little from one place to another, most gestures do not have invariable or universal meanings, but connote specific meanings in particular cultures. A single emblematic gesture may have very different significance in different cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly offensive.[4]
This list includes links to pages that discuss particular gestures, as well as short descriptions of some gestures that do not have their own page. Not included are the specialized gestures, calls, and signals used by referees and umpires in various organized sports. Policemen also make gestures when directing traffic. Miming is an art form in which the performer uses gestures to convey a story; charades is a game of gestures. Mimed gestures might generally be used to refer to an action in context, for example turning a pretend crank to ask someone to lower a car side window (or for modern power windows, pointing down or miming pressing a button).
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Friendly gestures |
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Gestures of respect |
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Salutes |
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Celebratory gestures |
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Finger-counting |
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Obscene gestures |
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Taunts |
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Head motions |
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Other gestures |
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Related |
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