Ma Chu: Difference between revisions
Lede Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
m Reword - you can't be "among one" |
||
Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
|today = [[China]] |
|today = [[China]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Chu''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|楚}} |p=Chǔ}}), known in historiography as '''Ma Chu''' ({{lang|zh|馬楚}}) or '''Southern Chu''' ({{lang|zh|南楚}}), was a [[Dynasties of China|dynastic state of China]] that existed from 907 to 951. It is counted |
'''Chu''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|楚}} |p=Chǔ}}), known in historiography as '''Ma Chu''' ({{lang|zh|馬楚}}) or '''Southern Chu''' ({{lang|zh|南楚}}), was a [[Dynasties of China|dynastic state of China]] that existed from 907 to 951. It is counted as one of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period#Ten Kingdoms|Ten Kingdoms]] during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]] of Chinese history. |
||
==Founding== |
==Founding== |
Revision as of 19:22, 6 April 2024
Chu 楚 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
907–951 | |||||||||
![]() | |||||||||
Capital | Changsha | ||||||||
Common languages | Middle Chinese | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
Prince/King | |||||||||
• 907–930 | Ma Yin | ||||||||
• 950–951 | Ma Xichong | ||||||||
Historical era | Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period | ||||||||
• Became the State | 907 | ||||||||
• establishment of the Kingdom | 927 | ||||||||
• Ended by Southern Tang | 951 | ||||||||
Currency | Silk, Cash coins (Iron) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | China |
Chu (Chinese: 楚; pinyin: Chǔ), known in historiography as Ma Chu (馬楚) or Southern Chu (南楚), was a dynastic state of China that existed from 907 to 951. It is counted as one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history.
Founding
Ma Yin was named regional governor by the Tang court in 896 after fighting against a rebel named Yang Xingmi. He declared himself as the Prince of Chu with the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907. Ma's position as Prince of Chu was confirmed by the Later Tang in the north in 927 and was given the posthumous title of King Wumu of Chu.
Territories
The capital of the Chu Kingdom was Changsha (Tanzhou).[1] The kingdom ruled over present-day Hunan and northeastern Guangxi.
Economy
Chu was peaceful and prosperous under Ma Yin's rule, exporting horses, silk and tea. Silk and lead coinage were often used as currency, particularly with external communities which would not accept other coinage of the land. Taxation was low for the peasantry and merchants.
Fall of Chu
After Ma Yin died the leadership was subject to struggle and conflict which resulted in the fall of the kingdom. The Southern Tang, fresh from its conquest of the Min Kingdom, took advantage and conquered the kingdom in 951. The ruling family was removed to the Southern Tang capital of Jinling. However, the following year, Chu generals rose against Southern Tang and expelled the Southern Tang expeditionary force, leaving the former Chu territory to be ruled by several of those generals called Wuping Jiedushi (武平军节度使) in succession.
Zhou Xingfeng (周行逢) ruled the Jiedushi from 956-962. In 956, Zhou Xingfeng executed and beheaded Pan Shusi (潘叔嗣), a general of the Southern Chu.[2][3]
During these post-Chu years of de facto independence, the center of power was usually at Lang Prefecture (朗州, in modern Changde, Hunan).
In 963, the Wuping Jiedushi ended and its territory was seized by the Song dynasty.
Rulers
Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號; miaò haò) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
---|---|---|---|---|
Did not exist | Wǔmù Wáng 武穆王 | Mǎ Yīn 馬殷 |
907–930 | Did not exist |
Did not exist | None (commonly known as Prince of Hengyang (衡陽王; Héngyáng Wáng)) | Mǎ Xīshēng 馬希聲 |
930–932 | Did not exist |
Did not exist | Wénzhāo Wáng 文昭王 | Mǎ Xīfàn 馬希範 |
932–947 | Did not exist |
Did not exist | None (commonly known as Deposed Prince (廢王; Fèi Wáng)) | Mǎ Xīguǎng 馬希廣 |
947–951 | Did not exist |
Did not exist | Gōngxìao Wáng 恭孝王 | Mǎ Xī'è 馬希萼 |
951 | Did not exist |
Did not exist | Did not exist | Mǎ Xīchóng 馬希崇 |
951 | Did not exist |
Ma rulers family tree
Ma Chu rulers family tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notes
References
- Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.