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{{Short description|Proposed Mars exploration aircraft}} |
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[[File:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer (MAGGIE).webp|thumb|Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer (MAGGIE)]] |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} |
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'''Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer''' or '''MAGGIE''' is a proposed compact [[ |
'''Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer''' or '''MAGGIE''' is a proposed compact, autonomous, fixed wing, [[VTOL|vertical take-off/landing (VTOL)]], [[electric aircraft]] powered by [[solar energy]]. It is designed to operate on [[Atmosphere of Mars|Mars]]. Range with a fully charged battery would be {{convert|179|km|mi}} at an altitude of 1,000 meters. The aircraft features [[solar cell]]s on its wings and fuselage. The total range per Martian year would be {{convert|16,048|km|mi}}. Mars' atmosphere density is 6.35 [[mbar]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html|title=Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather|first1=Daisy |last1=Dobrijevic|date=February 25, 2022|website=Space.com}}</ref> 160x thinner than [[Atmosphere of Earth|Earth's atmosphere]] at 1013.2 mbar.<ref>[https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmosphere/air-pressure Air pressure] noaa.gov</ref> During the [[Climate of Mars#Seasons|southern winter]], the global atmospheric pressure on Mars is 25% lower than during summer, because some atmospheric [[carbon dioxide|{{CO2}}]] freezes on the [[Martian polar ice caps]]. MAGGIE has a cruise [[lift coefficient]] CL of 3.5, nearly an order of magnitude higher than conventional [[subsonic aircraft]], to overcome the low density of the Martian atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/general/mars-aerial-and-ground-global-intelligent-explorer/|title=Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer (MAGGIE) - NASA|date=January 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090414055517/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=725 Solar system] NASA</ref> MAGGIE's cruise [[Mach number]] is 0.25. Mach speed on Mars is 546.4 mph at "[[Areography#Zero_elevation|sea level]]", so cruising speed would be around 130 mph at elevation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aerospaceweb.org/question/atmosphere/q0249.shtml|title=Aerospaceweb.org | Ask Us - Speed of Sound on Mars|website=aerospaceweb.org}}</ref> |
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The cruise [[Mach number]] of MAGGIE is 0.25, Mach speed on Mars is 546.4 mph at sea level, so cruising speed would be around 130 mph at elevation.<ref>https://aerospaceweb.org/question/atmosphere/q0249.shtml</ref> |
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In January 2024, MAGGIE was one of thirteen proposals approved for Phase 1 funding by the [[NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts|NIAC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04 |title=NIAC 2024 Selections - NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/general/niac-2024-selections/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=NASA |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==Missions== |
==Missions== |
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* Study |
* Study [[Magnetic field of Mars|Martian core dynamo]] origin and timing from the weak magnetic fields found in the [[North Polar Basin (Mars)|large impact basins]]. |
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* |
* Investigate the source of [[methane]] signals detected by the [[Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy|Tunable Laser Spectrometer]] on the [[Mars Science Laboratory]] in [[Gale (crater)|Gale crater]]. |
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* |
* Map [[Water on Mars|subsurface water ice]] at high resolution in the mid-latitudes. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Ingenuity (helicopter)]] |
* [[Ingenuity (helicopter)|''Ingenuity'' helicopter]] |
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* [[Google Earth]] |
* [[Google Earth]] / [[Google Earth#Google Mars|Google Mars]] |
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* [[Mars aircraft]] |
* [[Mars aircraft]] |
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* [[NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts]] |
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* [[Solar-powered aircraft]] |
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* [[Mars Piloted Orbital Station]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Mars spacecraft|state=collapsed}} |
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[[Category:Atmosphere of Mars| ]] |
[[Category:Atmosphere of Mars| ]] |
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[[Category:Astronautics]] |
[[Category:Astronautics]] |
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[[Category:Extraterrestrial aircraft|*]] |
[[Category:Extraterrestrial aircraft|*]] |
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[[Category:NASA programs]] |
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[[Category:Futures studies organizations]] |
Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent ExplorerorMAGGIE is a proposed compact, autonomous, fixed wing, vertical take-off/landing (VTOL), electric aircraft powered by solar energy. It is designed to operate on Mars. Range with a fully charged battery would be 179 kilometres (111 mi) at an altitude of 1,000 meters. The aircraft features solar cells on its wings and fuselage. The total range per Martian year would be 16,048 kilometres (9,972 mi). Mars' atmosphere density is 6.35 mbar,[1] 160x thinner than Earth's atmosphere at 1013.2 mbar.[2] During the southern winter, the global atmospheric pressure on Mars is 25% lower than during summer, because some atmospheric CO2 freezes on the Martian polar ice caps. MAGGIE has a cruise lift coefficient CL of 3.5, nearly an order of magnitude higher than conventional subsonic aircraft, to overcome the low density of the Martian atmosphere.[3][4] MAGGIE's cruise Mach number is 0.25. Mach speed on Mars is 546.4 mph at "sea level", so cruising speed would be around 130 mph at elevation.[5]
In January 2024, MAGGIE was one of thirteen proposals approved for Phase 1 funding by the NIAC.[6]
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Exploration |
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. |