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'''Marshal of France''' ({{lang-fr|Maréchal de France}}, plural ''{{lang|fr|Maréchaux de France}}'') is a French military distinction, rather than a [[military rank]], that is awarded to [[General officer|generals]] for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the [[Great Officers of the Crown of France]] during the {{lang|fr|[[Ancien Régime]]}} and [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], and one of the [[Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire|Grand Dignitaries of the Empire]] during the [[First French Empire]] (when the title was [[Marshal of the Empire]], not Marshal of France). |
'''Marshal of France''' ({{lang-fr|Maréchal de France}}, plural ''{{lang|fr|Maréchaux de France}}'') is a French military distinction, rather than a [[military rank]], that is awarded to [[General officer|generals]] for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the [[Great Officers of the Crown of France]] during the {{lang|fr|[[Ancien Régime]]}} and [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], and one of the [[Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire|Grand Dignitaries of the Empire]] during the [[First French Empire]] (when the title was [[Marshal of the Empire]], not Marshal of France). |
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A Marshal of France displays seven stars on each shoulder strap. A marshal also receives a [[ |
A Marshal of France displays seven stars on each shoulder strap. A marshal also receives a [[baton (symbol)|baton]]: a blue cylinder with stars, formerly [[fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]] during the monarchy and [[French Imperial Eagle|eagle]]s during the First French Empire. The baton bears the [[Latin]] inscription of ''{{lang|la|Terror belli, decus pacis}}'', which means "terror in war, ornament in peace". |
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Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of [[Marshal General of France]]: {{lang|fr|[[Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron|Biron]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières|Lesdiguières]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne|Turenne]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Claude Louis Hector de Villars|Villars]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Maurice de Saxe|Saxe]]}}, and {{lang|fr|[[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Soult]]}}. |
Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of [[Marshal General of France]]: {{lang|fr|[[Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron|Biron]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières|Lesdiguières]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne|Turenne]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Claude Louis Hector de Villars|Villars]]}}, {{lang|fr|[[Maurice de Saxe|Saxe]]}}, and {{lang|fr|[[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Soult]]}}. |
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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