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{{Short description|Islamic holiday}} |
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{{Islam}} |
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{{For|Barat festival|Shab-e-barat}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
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{{Infobox holiday |
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|holiday_name = Mid-Sha'ban |
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|image =Celebration_of_Mid-Sha%27ban_in_Jamkaran_mosque.jpg |
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|image_size =300 |
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|caption = Mid-Sha'ban observance |
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|observedby = [[Muslims]] |
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|type = Islamic |
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|longtype = [[Muslim holidays|Islamic]] |
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|significance = |
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|date = Eve of 15th of [[Sha'ban]] (after sunset on the 14th) |
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|date2019 = |
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|celebrations = |
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|observances = Prayers for forgiveness |
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|relatedto = |
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}} |
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{{Islamic Culture}} |
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'''Mid-Sha'ban''' ({{lang-ar-at|نصف شعبان|niṣf šaʿbān}} or {{lang|ar|ليلة نصف مِن شعبان}} ''laylat niṣf min šaʿbān'' "night on the half of Sha'ban") is a [[Muslim holidays|Muslim holiday]] observed by [[Shia Islam|Shia]] and [[Sunni]] Muslim communities on the [[Yesterday (time)|eve]] of 15th of [[Sha'ban]] (i.e., the night following the sunset on the 14th day) — the same night as [[Shab-e-barat]] or ''Laylat al-Bara’ah'' ({{lang-ar-at|ليلة البراءة}}).<ref name="ref64julix">{{Cite book|title=Law and order in upper India: a study of Oudh, 1856–1877 |author1=Dinesh Bihari Trivedi |author2=A. H. M. Zehadul Karim |publisher=Northern Book Centre |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-85119-83-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9wLynyZJVsC |quote=... The first significant religious occasion shabe-barat (lailat ul-barat or the night of deliverance) is held in the middle of Shaban (eighth month of the Islamic calendar) ...}}</ref> |
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==Overview== |
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Mid-Sha'ban is between the 14th night and the 15th day of the Muslim month of [[Sha'ban]]. |
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It is regarded as a night when the fortunes of individuals for the coming year are decided and when [[Allah in Islam|Allah]] may forgive sinners. In many regions, this is also a night when prayers are arranged for forgiveness from Allah for one's deceased ancestors.<ref name="ref30mucul">{{Cite book|title=Islam: Religions of the world |author=Jamal J. Elias |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-415-21165-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxCAhwKdgrYC |quote=... Laylat al-bara'a ... fortune for the coming year is popularly believed to be registered in Heaven ... prayer vigils and by feasting and illumination ... oblations are made in the name of deceased ancestors ...}}</ref> Additionally, [[Twelver]] Shia Muslims commemorate the birthday of [[Muhammad al-Mahdi]] on this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=10731|title=The great Shia scholar, Abu Ja'far Mohammad ibn Uthman al-Amri – Imam Reza (A.S.) Network|website=imamreza.net|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183638/https://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=10731|archive-date=29 September 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4jqtAgAAQBAJ&q=mahdi+minor+occultation+69&pg=PA11 The Return of al-Mahdi]. P11</ref> Imam [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]] and Imam [[Muhammad al-Baqir]] used to perform special prayers in this night.<ref>Shaykh Abbas Qummi, ''Supplications Prayers & Ziarats Call on Me and I answer you'', Ansarian Publications, Qum, 1999/1420, pg. 309)</ref> Both Sunni and Shia Muslims recognise this night to be as the Night of Forgiveness. Muslims observe Mid-Sha'ban as a night of worship and salvation. Scholars like Imam Shafii, Imam Nawawi, Imam Ghazzali, and Imam Suyuti have declared praying acceptable on the night of mid-Shaban.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 April 2020|title=Shab-e-Baraat 2020: Date, history and significance of Shab-e-Baraat|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/shab-e-baraat-2020-date-history-and-significance-of-shab-e-baraat/story-uQtJs1xn8DxIJEe2iieDGP.html|access-date=31 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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Muslims observe Sha'ban as the month in which the deeds of the people are taken up to Allah. It is preferred for Muslims to fast almost the whole of Sha'ban. |
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The 15th of Sha'ban goes by several names, depending on the country in which it is observed. Most can be categorised into two general meanings: |
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* Mid-Sha'ban or Half of Sha'ban. Named after the day's chronological position in the eighth month of the [[Islamic calendar]]: |
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The reason for this is explained in the report narrated by al-Nasaa'i and [[Abu Dawood]], and classed as ''[[Sahih|saheeh]]'' by Ibn Khuzaymah, according to which [[Usama ibn Zayd|Usaamah ibn Zayd]] said: "I said, 'O Messenger of Allaah, I do not see you fasting in any month more than in Sha'baan.' He said, 'That is a month concerning which many people are heedless, between [[Rajab]] and [[Ramadan]]. It is the month is which people's deeds are taken up to the Lord of the Worlds, and I would like my deeds to be taken up whilst I am fasting.'" Classed as [[Hasan (hadith)|hasan]] by [[al-Albaani]] in [[Al-Nasa'i|Saheeh al-Nasaa'i]], 2221. |
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** Nisf(u) Sha'ban ({{lang-ar|نصف شعبان}}), |
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** Nisfu Syaaban ({{lang-ms|نصف شعبان}}) |
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** Nim Sha'ban ({{lang-fa|{{nq|نيم شعبان}}}}) |
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** Sha'ban yarisi ({{lang-az|شعبان یارێسی}}) |
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* Bara'at Night. ''Bara'at'' is an Arabic noun which is roughly translated to English as either ''innocence'', ''records'', ''assignment'', ''deliverance'' or ''salvation''. |
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** Laylat al-Bara'ah ({{lang-ar|ليلة البراءة}}) |
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** Berat Kandili ({{lang-tr|Berâet Kandili}}) |
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** Shab-e Baraat ([[Persian language|Persian]]/{{lang-ur|{{nq|شبِ براة}}}}, {{lang-hi|शब-ए-बरात}}) |
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** Shab-e Baraat ({{lang-bn|শবে বরাত}}) |
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** Barat Gejesi ({{lang-az| برات گئجهسی}}) |
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==Origins== |
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However, some Muslims fast only on the 15th of Sha'ban and observe it as Lailatul Bara'ath and maintain that it is Mustahab.<ref>http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showpost.php?p=221404&postcount=85</ref> |
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The base for celebrating Mid-Sha'ban is not without dispute. Whether or not 15 Sha'ban is regarded as a special holiday, has primarily been an issue of interpreting the [[Quran]] and classifying the [[Hadith]]. |
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===Qur'an=== |
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Other Muslim scholars maintain that it is recommended to fast almost the whole of Sha'ban - but oppose the "singling out" of only one day, i.e. the 15th of Sha'ban for worship and fasting as the Prophet Muhammad has never taught of such a practice. <ref>[http://www.islamqa.com/index.php?ref=11086&ln=eng IslamQA.com - Fasting on the day of Mi'raj and Shab-e-Bara'at]</ref> |
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Although not mentioned directly in the Qur'an, two verses are sometimes ascribed{{by whom|date=April 2019}} to Mid-Sha‘ban: |
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{{Blockquote|{{Cite quran|44|3|end=4|q=Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind]. On that night is made distinct every precise matter-}}}} |
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== Other names == |
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* ''Lailatul Baraat'' |
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* ''Lailatul Dua'' |
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* ''Nim Sha'ban'' in Iran. |
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* ''Nisf Sha'ban'' in Arabic speaking countries. |
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* ''Nisfu Syaaban'' in Malay speaking countries. |
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* ''Shab e Bara'at'' in [[South Asia]] meaning the 'Night of Emancipation'. |
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* ''Berat Kandili'' in Turkish |
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According to Tafsir Ibn Kathir,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2066&Itemid=100|title = QTafsir Tafsir Ibn Kathir Mobile}}</ref>{{nonspecific|date=February 2020}}<!--site was reorganized at some point, and now we can't tell what was used as a citation here--> the more correct interpretation of this blessed night been attributed to another Islamic holy night, [[Laylat al-Qadr]], based on additional verses.<ref>{{Cite quran|97|1|end=5|s=r}}</ref><ref>{{Cite quran|2|185|s=r}}</ref><ref>[http://www.alifta.net/Fatawa/FatawaChapters.aspx?languagename=en&View=Page&PageID=17&PageNo=1&BookID=10 Fatwa by the Permanent Committee]</ref> |
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== Shia view == |
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===Hadith=== |
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Shias celebrates the 15th night of Sha'ban as [[Laylat al Bara'at]] and observes this night as a night of worship. Being different to [[sunnis]] they also believe that on the 15th of Sha'ban, 255 AH ([[868]] CE), [[Muhammad al-Mahdi]] was born. Shias believe him to be the twelveth [[Shia Imam]] and also the [[Mahdi]], a very important figure who is believed by Muslims to bring absolute peace to the world. |
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{{religious text primary|section|date=April 2020}} |
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In some hadiths of ''[[Sihah Sittah|Ṣihah Sittah]]'', this Hadith is described as the specialty of the night. Also in the other Hadith texts mention the specialty of this night. There are different standards of the hadiths and disagreements in this regard. The term "night of mid-Sha'ban", which is used in the hadeeth of the Hadith, is "''Nisf Sha'ban''" or "''laylatun nisfi min Sha'ban'' (<big>ليلةٌ نصفِ مِن شعبان</big>)". It has been said in a Hadith, |
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{{Blockquote|The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that Allah has manifested on the night of mid-Shaban and forgiveness of all His creation except the polytheists and the envious.|- (Ibnu Majah, As-Sunan 1/445; Bazzar, Al-Musnad 1/157, 207, 7/186; Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad 2/176; Ibn Abi Asim, As-Sunnah, pp. 223–224 Ibn Hibban, as-Sahih 12/481; Taabrani, al-Muzam al-Kabbir, 20/108, 22–233; Al-Mujam al-Aausat, 7/68; Baihaqi, Shu'abul Iman, 3/381; Ibnu Khuzaymah, Kitabut Tawhid 1 / 325-226, Mishkat Al Masabih 1306) [Classified as Daeef/Weak by Albani]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/mishkat:1306 |title=Mishkat al-Masabih 1306, 1307 - Prayer - كتاب الصلاة - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |publisher=Sunnah.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-22}}</ref>}} |
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Another Hadith says, |
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{{Blockquote|Ayesha (R) said, one night I did not find the Prophet (ṣalla'llahu 'alayhi wa-sallam), and I went out to seek him. I noticed that he was in Jannatu 'l-Bāqi, lifting his head towards the sky. He said, "O Aisha! Do you fear that Allah and His Messenger will do injustice to you?" Ayesha (R) said, "No, but rather I thought that you might have gone to your wife. He said that Allah Almighty descended on the earth in the middle of the night of Sha'ban and forgave the sins of more people than the wool of the sheeps of the people of Kalb tribe. (Ibn Majah, As-Sunan 1/444, Hadith No. 1388). |
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== Sunni view == |
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Ibnu Abi Sabrah, the only narrator of this hadith. Ahmad, Imam Bukhari and other Muhaddiths accused him of being liars.|(Ibn Hajar, Taqribut Tahzib, page 63; Tahizibut Taazib, 12 / 25–26.), [Daif/Weak, or Maudu/fabricated narrator chain]}} |
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Some [[Sunni]] groups observe Mid-Sha'ban as a night of worship and salvation, commemorating when Allah saved Noah followers from the deluge. In their belief, during this night, [[Allah]] prepares the destiny for all people on Earth for the coming year. For this reason it is sometimes called the ''Night of Emancipation'' [[Lailat al Bara'at]]. |
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According to different [[Sahih hadith|''Sahih Hadith'']], Muhammad used to perform fasting in this month. The fast of mid-Sha'ban was the most loved of him. He used to perform fasting in the month of Ramadan, from the first to the 15th of the month. When asked about this, he said, |
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Imam Ibn-Taimiyyah rahmatullahi alayh was asked about the importance of the 15th night of Sha’ban. He replied: |
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{{Blockquote|"This month man's actions are being raised to the Lord Almighty. And I love that my work would be raised during my fasting."|- (Nasa'i, As-Sunan 4/201; Albani, Sahihhut Taragib 1/24. [Hassan or better narrator chain]}} |
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As for the 15th night of Shabaan, there are many narrations and Athar (quotes from the Sahabah image) regarding its virtue. It has been reported of the salaf that they prayed in this night. Therefore, praying alone on this night, having precedence in the salaf, is sufficient evidence and something of this kind surely cannot be denied. |
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===Birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi=== |
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At another occasion, Imam Ibn-Taimiyyah rahmatullahi alayh was asked the same question and he replied: |
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[[File: Mid-Sha'ban 1439 AH, Jamkaran Mosque, Qom 20.jpg |thumb|the celebration of Birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi [[Jamkaran Mosque]], Qom.]] |
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[[File:Celebration of Mid-Sha'ban in Jamkaran mosque.jpg|thumb|Mid-Sha'ban at the [[Jamkaran Mosque]], Qom.]] |
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According to [[Twelver Shia]]s, [[Muhammad al-Mahdi]], the final [[Shia]] [[Imamah (Shi'a Twelver doctrine)|Imām]], was born on 15 Sha'ban. Shi'as celebrate Muhammad al-Mahdi's birthday on that day and perform religious acts such as prayers for the [[reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Marking the month of Sha'ban – Birth of Imam Mahdi|url=https://en.shafaqna.com/4810/marking-the-month-of-shaban-birth-of-imam-mahdi/|website= shafaqna|access-date=3 June 2015}}</ref> fasting, and worship. Iranian cities are decorated on night of Mid-Sha'ban.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Dazzling Night in Iran Embellished with Spirituality |url=http://realiran.org/a-dazzling-night-in-iran-embellished-with-spirituality/ |website=Real Iran |access-date=26 May 2015}}</ref> |
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==Related customs== |
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If one prays on this night alone or in a select company of people as many groups amongst the salaf did, then it is good. As for congregating in the masjid upon a fixed prayer like gathering upon a salat with 100 rakats, and reciting Surah Ikhlas a thousand times, this is bida’t. None of the scholars extolled this and Allah knows best. <ref>http://www.madania.org/english/article_laylatul_baraa.php</ref> |
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Mid-Sha'ban is celebrated in countries including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. The [[Salafi]] Arabs do not celebrate this holiday.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Damiel|first=Abū ‘Abd Allāh I.|date=7 April 2020|title=15th of Sha'bān: Sunnah or Bid'ah?|url=https://www.islam21c.com/latest-islamic/15th-of-shaban-sunnah-or-bidah/|access-date=26 March 2021|website=Islam21c|language=en-GB}}</ref> In the Arab world the festival is celebrated by Arabs with [[Sufi]] heritage, and [[Shia]]s. In Iraq, children are given candies as they walk around their neighborhoods. Sunni Muslims in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and Afghanistan celebrate this holiday 15 days before [[Ramadan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livechennai.com/shab-e-barat.asp|title=Live Chennai: Shab-E-Barat – Festivals of India – Festivals in India – Muslim Festivals – Ramzan – Id-ul-fitr – Bakrid, Eid Mubarak|work=livechennai.com}}</ref> Some Muslims in Indonesia do communal zikr in mosques followed by a lecture (ceramah) led by an ustad or otherwise known in Java and Madura as a kyai. This tradition is rarely followed in Indonesia, but it is widely followed in Aceh, West Sumatra and South Kalimantan. In South Asia, Muslims make sweets (especially [[Halwa]] or [[Zarda (food)|Zarda]]) to be given to the neighbors and the poor on the evening prior to the 15th of Sha'ban.<ref name="eventsinkarachi.com">{{cite web|url=http://eventsinkarachi.com/shabebarat/|title=About: Shab-e-barat (شب برات)|work=Events in Karachi – Latest Event Updates- Articles – About Karachi|date=5 July 2012|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-date=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221807/http://eventsinkarachi.com/shabebarat/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This custom of distributing Halva is also practiced in [[Bosnia]] on the 15th night of Sha'ban, as well as on three other holidays: [[Laylat al-Qadr]], [[Isra and Mi'raj|Laylat al-Mi'raj]] and Laylat al-Raghaib. |
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===Gregorian dates=== |
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Other [[Sunnis]] contend that the day is a [[bidah]] against [[Islam]] and should not have any special status. They argue that the earliest generations of Muslims, notably the [[Salaf]], never observed nor commemorated this day at all. Notable scholars who hold this position include [[Ibn Rajab]] who asserted :{{cquote|There is no sound report from [[Muhammad|Rasulullah]] or from his [[sahaba|companions]] about Laylat al-Nusf min Sha’ban (the middle of Sha’ban).<ref>Lataa’if al-Ma’aarif</ref>}} Moreover, with regard to sources allegedly showing mid-sha'ban's legitimacy, [[Imam Nawawi]] stated:{{quote|The prayer that is known as [[salaat]] al-raghaa’ib, which is twelve rak’ahs between Maghrib and ‘Ishaa’ on the night of the first Friday in Rajab, and the prayer of Laylat al-Nusf min Sha’ban, of one hundred [[raka'ah]] – these two prayers are reprehensible [[bidah]]. No one should be deceived by the fact that they are mentioned in the books Qut al-Qulub and Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Deen, or by the [[hadith]] which is mentioned in these two books. All of that is false.<ref>al-Majmoo’</ref>}} |
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{{See also|Islamic calendar}} |
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Although the date of Mid-Sha'ban is always the same in the Islamic calendar, the date in the Gregorian calendar falls approximately 11 days earlier each successive year, since the Islamic calendar is [[lunar calendar|lunar]] and the Gregorian calendar is [[solar calendar|solar]]. Hence if date falls in the first ten days of a Gregorian calendar year, there will be a second occurrence in the last ten days of the same Gregorian calendar year. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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=== Hadiths === |
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|+ Upcoming predicted dates of Mid-Sha'ban |
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! Islamic year || [[Umm al-Qura calendar|Umm al-Qura]] predicted |
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1. Authentic ahadeeth |
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|- |
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| 1442 || 29 March 2021 |
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|- |
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All the hadeeth about the virtues of the middle of Sha’baan are weak and fabricated. The only exception is the one below, based on the research of Sheikh Muhammad Naasir ud – Deen al – Albaanee: |
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| 1443 || 19 March 2022 |
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|- |
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| 1444 || 8 March 2023 |
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Aboo Hurayrah, ‘Aa’ishah, and other companions (may Allaah be pleased with them) reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ''“Allaah looks upon His creation on the middle of the night of Sha’baan, and He forgives all of His creation, except for a mushrik or a quarreler.”'' <ref>al-Majmoo’Recorded by al – Bazzaar, at – Tirmithee, and others. Classed as Saheeh by Sheikh al – Albaanee in as – Saheehah, Number 1144; as quoted in ‘Festivals and Celebrations’, p. 114 by Dr. Muhammad al – Jibaly, al – Kitaab and as – Sunnah Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2005</ref> |
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|- |
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| 1445 || 25 February 2024 |
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|- |
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The Messenger of Allaah Sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam said: "Allaah the Blessed and Most High looks to His creation on the middle night of Sha'baan and forgives all of His creation except for the one who ascribes partners to Him and the one who shows enmity." <ref>This is an authentic (saheeh) hadeeth. It is recorded by Ibn Maajah (no.1390), Ahmad (no.6642), Ibn Hibbaan (no.1980) and others from a group of Companions. It is authenticated by al-Haythamee in az-Zawaa'id (8/65) saying: "Reported by at-Tabaraanee in al-Kabeer and in al-Awsat and its narrators are trustworthy" and it is further authenticated by Shaikh al-Albaanee in as-Saheehah (no.1144); as quoted in http://www.islamicawakening.com/viewarticle.php?articleID=1</ref> |
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| 1446 || 14 February 2025 |
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|} |
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2. Weak and Fabricated hadeeth: |
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As for the other narrations concerning the 15th of Sha'baan (which are not authentic), the Hanafi scholar, Shaikh Mulla 'Alee al-Qaaree (d.1014H) Rahimahullah records some of these Ahadeeth: |
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The Hadeeth: "Whoever prays on the middle night of Sha'baan with 30 Rak'ahs, reciting in each Rak'ah Soorah al-Ikhlaas 30 times, he is permitted to intercede for ten of those who were destined for the Fire." |
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The hadeeth: "Whoever recites on the middle night of Sha'baan 1000 times Soorah al-Ikhlaas... Allaah sends to him 100,000 Angels to convey the good news to him." |
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The hadeeth: "O 'Alee! Whoever prays 100 Rak'ahs on the middle night of Sha'baan reciting 100 times Soorah al-Ikhlaas..." |
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Shaikh al-Qaaree goes on to say: "Prayers such as these were newly introduced into Islaam following the first 400 years, emerging from the region of Bayt al-Muqadis, thereafter ahadeeth were fabricated in their favour," and he further says, "There are other ahadeeth of this nature and there is nothing authentic in them whatsoever." <ref>Al-Asraar al-Marfoo' (pp.439-440);Ibid.,</ref> |
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Likewise, Ash-Shawkanee (d.1250H) lists a number of hadeeth similar to the above in which various numbers of raka'hs (along with specific soorahs) are instructed to be prayed on the middle night of Sha'baan which he concludes by saying: "All of it is futile and fabricated." (Al-Fawa'id al-Majmu' fee Ahadeeth al-Mawdu' no.147-148) |
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And al-Ghazaalee mentions prayer on the middle night of Sha'baan in his book Ihya 'Uloom ad-Deen, saying: "The prayer of Sha'baan is observed in the night of the 15th Sha'baan with 100 rak'ahs." |
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Commenting on this al-Haafidh al-'Iraaqee (d. approx 800H) wrote in Al-Mughnee (no.634): "A futile narration." |
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Evidence is also sought with the following hadeeth: "If the middle night of Sha'baan comes, you should offer prayer during the night and observe fast during the day..." |
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This hadith is recorded by Ibn Majah with his chain of transmission, and it is not authentic. Al-'Iraaqee says in Al-Mughnee (no.634): "Its chain of transmission is weak" and the same is said by al-Bowsaree in his book az Zawaa'id. Its weakness is, in fact, very severe since its chain of transmission contains the narrator Aboo Bakr bin 'Abdullah bin Muhammad ibn Abee Sabrah. Imaam al-Bukhaaree said about him: "Rejected in hadeeth" and an-Nasaa'ee said: "He is abandoned in hadeeth" and Imaam Ahmed said: "He used to fabricate hadeeth." Therefore, Shaikh al-Albaanee indicates that this hadith is extremely weak in Mishkaat (1/no.1308). |
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The hadeeth: "In it (i.e. the 15th of Sha'baan) a record is made of every human who will be born and of every human who will die that year, in it their actions are taken up to Heaven and in it their provision is sent down..." |
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The narration is attributed to al-Bayhaaqee in ad-Da'waat al-Kabeer. This is one of the principle narrations used by those who believe that it is on the middle night of Sha'baan that such things are decreed. Its authenticity should certainly be looked into. Everyone who claims that it is authentic has the burden of proof to establish that every man in its chain of transmission is trustworthy and reliable and that the chain is connected without having any defects. Shaikh al-Albaanee writes in Mishkaat (1/no.1305): "I did not come across it in the book (i.e. of al-Bayhaaqee), nor have I come across its isnaad, nor anyone who has spoken about it, and in all probability it is |
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weak." |
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And there is another narration saying: "Indeed Allaah records in it (i.e. in Sha'baan) the persons who will die that year..." |
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It is reported by Abu Ya'la in his Musnad (8/no.4911). Its chain of transmission contains Suwayd bin Sa'eed and Muslim bin Khalid az-Zanjee and they are both weak narrators as Ibn Hajar says in at-Taqreeb. In addition to this, the narration speaks only of Sha'baan in general and mentions nothing concerning the 15th of that month so there is no proof in this for those who seek to single out this night. There is a similar narration in an-Nasaa'ee (4/no.201). |
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=== Ruling === |
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Dr. Muhammad al – Jibaly said: ''The hadeeth indicates that this night surely has a special merit, and only Allaah knows its reason. The hadeeth, however, does not call to performing any special acts of worship during this night or the following day. It merely calls to eliminating all shirk and hatred from among the Muslims in order to deserve Allaah’s immense forgiveness.'' |
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''Thus, people’s celebration of the 15th of Sha’baan by gathering together for a long prayer in which Soorat ul – Ikhlaas is recited one thousand times, by fasting the following day, etc – these are innovated acts of worship that are rejected in Islaam.'' |
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''We should note that, in the above hadeeth, the Prophet (peace be upon him) indicated that Allaah, the Most High, does not forgive on this night those who have a quarrel with others. How, then, about a person who deviates from the Sunnah and establishes bid’ahs, thereby declaring a quarrel against the Prophet (peace be upon him) himself? How would such a person be forgiven?''<ref>Festivals and Celebrations, p. 114 - 115</ref> |
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Allaah’s descending to the first heaven does not only happen on the night of the fifteenth of Sha’baan, rather it is proven in al-Saheehayn and elsewhere that Allaah descends to the first heaven every night , in the last third of the night. The night of the fifteenth of Sha’baan is included in this general meaning. |
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Narrated Aboo Hurayrah (may Allah be please with him): Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) said, ''"Our Lord, the Blessed, the Superior, comes every night down on the nearest Heaven to us when the last third of the night remains, saying: "Is there anyone to invoke Me, so that I may respond to invocation? Is there anyone to ask Me, so that I may grant him his request? Is there anyone seeking My forgiveness, so that I may forgive him?"'' <ref>(Agreed Upon); Saheeh Bukhaari, Volume 2, Book 21, Number 246; Saheeh Muslim, Book 004, Number 1656</ref> |
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Hence, when ‘Abd-Allaah ibn al-Mubaarak [one of the illustrious teachers of Imaam Bukhaari] was asked about the descent of Allaah on the night of the fifteenth of Sha’baan, he said to the one who asked him: “O weak one! The night of the fifteenth?! He descends every night!” <ref>Narrated by Abu ‘Uthmaan al-Saabooni in I’tiqaad Ahl al-Sunnah, no. 92; as quoted in http://islam-qa.com/en/ref/49678</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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==External links |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.zikr.co.uk/content/view/96/157/ Shabe-Baraat: Introduction and guidance on special prayers for the night. (Includes Salaatul Tasbih) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907083440/http://www.zikr.co.uk/content/view/96/157 |date=7 September 2014 }} |
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* [http://www.tariqjamil.org/Forum/general-information/15th-of-sha'baan-laylatul-baraat/0/ Laylatul Baraat on Discussion] |
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* [http://lasjan.page.tl/Shab_e_Barat.htm Article on ''Shab-e-Barat''] |
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* [http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=36748 Sunni Forum Discussion on this topic] |
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* [http://islamqa.com/index.php?pg=article&ln=eng&article_id=41 Islam Q & A article on Mid Sha'ban] |
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* [http://www.fatwaislam.com/fis/index.cfm?scn=fd&ID=567 Verdict from Ibn Uthaymeen] |
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* [http://studentofknowledge.com/?p=47 Student of Knowledge article about Mid Sha'ban] |
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{{Muslimholidays}} |
{{Muslimholidays}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Kandil|Sha'ban]] |
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[[Category:Islamic holy days]] |
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[[Category:Shia days of remembrance]] |
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[[bn:শবে বরাত]] |
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[[Category:Islamic terminology]] |
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[[id:Nisfu Syaaban]] |
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[[Category:History of Shia Islam]] |
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[[Category:Mahdism]] |
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| Mid-Sha'ban | |
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Mid-Sha'ban observance
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| Observed by | Muslims |
| Type | Islamic |
| Observances | Prayers for forgiveness |
| Date | Eve of 15th of Sha'ban (after sunset on the 14th) |
| Part of a serieson |
| Islamic culture |
|---|
| Architecture |
| Art |
| Clothing |
| Holidays |
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Mid-Sha'ban (Arabic: نصف شعبان, romanized: niṣf šaʿbānorليلة نصف مِن شعبان laylat niṣf min šaʿbān "night on the half of Sha'ban") is a Muslim holiday observed by Shia and Sunni Muslim communities on the eve of 15th of Sha'ban (i.e., the night following the sunset on the 14th day) — the same night as Shab-e-baratorLaylat al-Bara’ah (Arabic: ليلة البراءة).[1]
It is regarded as a night when the fortunes of individuals for the coming year are decided and when Allah may forgive sinners. In many regions, this is also a night when prayers are arranged for forgiveness from Allah for one's deceased ancestors.[2] Additionally, Twelver Shia Muslims commemorate the birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi on this date.[3][4] Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq and Imam Muhammad al-Baqir used to perform special prayers in this night.[5] Both Sunni and Shia Muslims recognise this night to be as the Night of Forgiveness. Muslims observe Mid-Sha'ban as a night of worship and salvation. Scholars like Imam Shafii, Imam Nawawi, Imam Ghazzali, and Imam Suyuti have declared praying acceptable on the night of mid-Shaban.[6]
The 15th of Sha'ban goes by several names, depending on the country in which it is observed. Most can be categorised into two general meanings:
The base for celebrating Mid-Sha'ban is not without dispute. Whether or not 15 Sha'ban is regarded as a special holiday, has primarily been an issue of interpreting the Quran and classifying the Hadith.
Although not mentioned directly in the Qur'an, two verses are sometimes ascribed[by whom?] to Mid-Sha‘ban:
"Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind]. On that night is made distinct every precise matter-"[Quran 44:3–4]
According to Tafsir Ibn Kathir,[7][not specific enough to verify] the more correct interpretation of this blessed night been attributed to another Islamic holy night, Laylat al-Qadr, based on additional verses.[8][9][10]
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In some hadiths of Ṣihah Sittah, this Hadith is described as the specialty of the night. Also in the other Hadith texts mention the specialty of this night. There are different standards of the hadiths and disagreements in this regard. The term "night of mid-Sha'ban", which is used in the hadeeth of the Hadith, is "Nisf Sha'ban" or "laylatun nisfi min Sha'ban (ليلةٌ نصفِ مِن شعبان)". It has been said in a Hadith,
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that Allah has manifested on the night of mid-Shaban and forgiveness of all His creation except the polytheists and the envious.
— - (Ibnu Majah, As-Sunan 1/445; Bazzar, Al-Musnad 1/157, 207, 7/186; Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad 2/176; Ibn Abi Asim, As-Sunnah, pp. 223–224 Ibn Hibban, as-Sahih 12/481; Taabrani, al-Muzam al-Kabbir, 20/108, 22–233; Al-Mujam al-Aausat, 7/68; Baihaqi, Shu'abul Iman, 3/381; Ibnu Khuzaymah, Kitabut Tawhid 1 / 325-226, Mishkat Al Masabih 1306) [Classified as Daeef/Weak by Albani][11]
Another Hadith says,
Ayesha (R) said, one night I did not find the Prophet (ṣalla'llahu 'alayhi wa-sallam), and I went out to seek him. I noticed that he was in Jannatu 'l-Bāqi, lifting his head towards the sky. He said, "O Aisha! Do you fear that Allah and His Messenger will do injustice to you?" Ayesha (R) said, "No, but rather I thought that you might have gone to your wife. He said that Allah Almighty descended on the earth in the middle of the night of Sha'ban and forgave the sins of more people than the wool of the sheeps of the people of Kalb tribe. (Ibn Majah, As-Sunan 1/444, Hadith No. 1388). Ibnu Abi Sabrah, the only narrator of this hadith. Ahmad, Imam Bukhari and other Muhaddiths accused him of being liars.
— (Ibn Hajar, Taqribut Tahzib, page 63; Tahizibut Taazib, 12 / 25–26.), [Daif/Weak, or Maudu/fabricated narrator chain]
According to different Sahih Hadith, Muhammad used to perform fasting in this month. The fast of mid-Sha'ban was the most loved of him. He used to perform fasting in the month of Ramadan, from the first to the 15th of the month. When asked about this, he said,
"This month man's actions are being raised to the Lord Almighty. And I love that my work would be raised during my fasting."
— - (Nasa'i, As-Sunan 4/201; Albani, Sahihhut Taragib 1/24. [Hassan or better narrator chain]
According to Twelver Shias, Muhammad al-Mahdi, the final Shia Imām, was born on 15 Sha'ban. Shi'as celebrate Muhammad al-Mahdi's birthday on that day and perform religious acts such as prayers for the reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi,[12] fasting, and worship. Iranian cities are decorated on night of Mid-Sha'ban.[13]
Mid-Sha'ban is celebrated in countries including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. The Salafi Arabs do not celebrate this holiday.[14] In the Arab world the festival is celebrated by Arabs with Sufi heritage, and Shias. In Iraq, children are given candies as they walk around their neighborhoods. Sunni Muslims in Iraqi Kurdistan and Afghanistan celebrate this holiday 15 days before Ramadan.[15] Some Muslims in Indonesia do communal zikr in mosques followed by a lecture (ceramah) led by an ustad or otherwise known in Java and Madura as a kyai. This tradition is rarely followed in Indonesia, but it is widely followed in Aceh, West Sumatra and South Kalimantan. In South Asia, Muslims make sweets (especially HalwaorZarda) to be given to the neighbors and the poor on the evening prior to the 15th of Sha'ban.[16] This custom of distributing Halva is also practiced in Bosnia on the 15th night of Sha'ban, as well as on three other holidays: Laylat al-Qadr, Laylat al-Mi'raj and Laylat al-Raghaib.
Although the date of Mid-Sha'ban is always the same in the Islamic calendar, the date in the Gregorian calendar falls approximately 11 days earlier each successive year, since the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Gregorian calendar is solar. Hence if date falls in the first ten days of a Gregorian calendar year, there will be a second occurrence in the last ten days of the same Gregorian calendar year.
| Islamic year | Umm al-Qura predicted |
|---|---|
| 1442 | 29 March 2021 |
| 1443 | 19 March 2022 |
| 1444 | 8 March 2023 |
| 1445 | 25 February 2024 |
| 1446 | 14 February 2025 |
... The first significant religious occasion shabe-barat (lailat ul-barat or the night of deliverance) is held in the middle of Shaban (eighth month of the Islamic calendar) ...
... Laylat al-bara'a ... fortune for the coming year is popularly believed to be registered in Heaven ... prayer vigils and by feasting and illumination ... oblations are made in the name of deceased ancestors ...
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Islamic holidays and observances
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