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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{More citations needed|date=October 2016}} |
{{More citations needed|date=October 2016}} |
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{{Rough translation|1=Japanese|listed=yes|date=April 2023}} |
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{{Infobox holiday |
{{Infobox holiday |
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|holiday_name = National Memorial War Service for War Dead |
|holiday_name = National Memorial War Service for War Dead |
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|image = Yasuo Fukuda 20080815 2.jpg |
|image = Yasuo Fukuda 20080815 2.jpg |
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|imagesize = 250px |
|imagesize = 250px |
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|caption =The Japanese Prime Minister addressing the attendees on August 15, 2008 |
|caption =The Japanese Prime Minister addressing the attendees on August 15, 2008. |
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|official_name = 全国戦没者追悼式 |
|official_name = 全国戦没者追悼式 |
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|nickname = |
|nickname = |
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|date = August 15 |
|date = August 15 |
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|celebrations = |
|celebrations = |
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|observances = Memorial service aired by national broadcaster NHK |
|observances = Memorial service aired by the national broadcaster NHK |
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|relatedto = [[National Liberation Day of Korea]], [[Victory over Japan Day]] |
|relatedto = [[National Liberation Day of Korea]], [[Victory over Japan Day]] |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Yasuo Fukuda 20080815 3.jpg|thumb|right| The ''National Memorial Service for War Dead'', at the indoor arena of the Nippon Budokan, Chiyoda ward, Tokyo, August 15, 2008]] |
[[File:Yasuo Fukuda 20080815 3.jpg|thumb|right| The ''National Memorial Service for War Dead'', at the indoor arena of the Nippon Budokan, Chiyoda ward, Tokyo, August 15, 2008]] |
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The {{nihongo|'''National Memorial Service for War Dead'''|全国戦没者追悼式|Zenkoku Senbotsusha Tsuitōshiki'}} is an official, [[secular]] ceremony conducted annually on August 15 by the [[Government of Japan|Japanese government]] at the [[Nippon Budokan]] in Tokyo, Japan. The ceremony is held to commemorate the victims of [[World War II]]. The first memorial ceremony was held on May 2, 1952. |
The {{nihongo|'''National Memorial Service for War Dead'''|全国戦没者追悼式|Zenkoku Senbotsusha Tsuitōshiki'}} is an official, [[secular]] ceremony conducted annually on August 15, by the [[Government of Japan|Japanese government]] at the [[Nippon Budokan]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. The ceremony is held to commemorate the victims of [[World War II]]. The first memorial ceremony was held on May 2, 1952. |
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==Shūsen-kinenbi== |
==Shūsen-kinenbi== |
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{{Nihongo||終戦記念日|'''Shūsen-kinenbi'''|lit. " |
{{Nihongo||終戦記念日|'''Shūsen-kinenbi'''|lit. "end-of-war memorial day"|lead=yes}} or Haisen-kinennbi (Japanese: 敗戦記念日, "surrender memorial day")<ref name=":0" /> also written as {{Nihongo||終戦の日|'''shūsen-no-hi'''|lead=yes}} or haisen-no-hi (Japanese: 敗戦の日)<ref>{{Cite web|last=author|first=|date=|title=「敗戦の日」を覚えて|url=https://ncc-j.org/event/「敗戦の日」を覚えて/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-15|website=日本キリスト教協議会 / National Christian Council in Japan|language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=62回目の敗戦記念日に思う|url=http://www.y-mainichi.co.jp/news/9042/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-15|website=八重山毎日新聞社 / The Yaeyama-Mainichi Newspapers|language=ja}}</ref> is an informal reference used by the public, for August 15 and related to the historical events that culminated with the ''ending'' of [[World War 2]], and the restoration of Japanese political independence. |
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The official name for the day, however, is {{nihongo|"the day for mourning of war dead and praying for peace"|戦没者を追悼し平和を祈念する日|Senbotsusha o tsuitōshi heiwa o kinensuru hi}}. This official name was adopted in 1982 by an [[Decree|ordinance]] issued by the [[government of Japan|Japanese government]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2007/08/h0808-1.html |script-title = ja:厚生労働省：全国戦没者追悼式について |language = ja |access-date = February 16, 2008 |date = August 8, 2007 |publisher = [[Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)|Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080321222154/http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2007/08/h0808-1.html |archive-date = March 21, 2008 |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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Those events were: |
Those events were: |
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*14 August 1945, the Imperial Japanese government gave notice to the [[Allies of World War II]] accepting the conditions of the [[Potsdam Declaration]], |
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* |
*August 14, 1945, the day the Imperial Japanese government gave notice to the [[AlliesofWorld War 2]] accepting the conditions of the [[Potsdam Declaration]], |
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*August 15, 1945, the day of the [[Jewel Voice Broadcast]] announcing to the people of Japan that the Imperial government had accepted the Potsdam Declaration, and unconditional surrender of the armed forces, |
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* |
*September 2, 1945, the official signing of the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]] aboard the {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDG14H0H_V10C14A8MM0000/|script-title=ja:平和への誓い新た 69回目終戦の日、6000人参列 全国戦没者追悼式|trans-title=Renewed vow of peace. The sixty-ninth memorial day for the end of the war. 6000 attend nationwide memorial for those who died in battle|publisher=[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]|date=August 15, 2014|accessdate=August 18, 2014|language=Japanese}}</ref> |
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* |
*April 28, 1952, the [[Treaty of San Francisco|San Francisco peace treaty with Japan]] came into force which under [[international law]] ended the state war with the Allied nations, and returned independence to Japan, |
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It is not an [[Public holidays in Japan|official holiday]] under Japanese law.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
It is not an [[Public holidays in Japan|official holiday]] under Japanese law.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} |
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==Overview== |
==Overview== |
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By decision of the |
By decision of the Japanese Cabinet, on May2, 1952 the Emperor and Empress of Japan held a memorial service for war dead in [[Shinjuku Gyoen]]. The next such service was held on March 28, 1959. In 1963 the date was moved to August 15, the day the {{nihongo|''[[Jewel Voice Broadcast]]''|玉音放送|''Gyokuon-hōsō''}} had aired in 1945. |
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[[File:1952 Memorial Ceremony for the War Dead.jpg|thumb|right|The first ceremony |
[[File:1952 Memorial Ceremony for the War Dead.jpg|thumb|right|The first ceremony held on May 2, 1952]] |
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In the following year |
In the following year the service was held at [[Yasukuni Shrine]], and in 1965 it was moved to the Budokan where it is still held today. In 1982 the Diet enacted a law fixing the date of the ceremony at August 15. The service is meant to honor both Japanese military casualties and [[civilian casualties|civilian victims]] of war, over 30 million deceased individuals in total. |
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The event is organized by the [[Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare]]. The Emperor and Empress are always in attendance, as well as representatives of business, labor, political, and religious organisations, and bereaved families. Roughly 6,000 attendees were recorded in 2007. |
The event is organized by the [[Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare]]. The Emperor and Empress are always in attendance, as well as representatives of business, labor, political, and religious organisations, and bereaved families. Roughly 6,000 attendees were recorded in 2007. |
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The service is scheduled at 11: |
The service is scheduled at 11:51am for one hour, and is broadcast by the [[NHK|Japan Broadcasting Corporation]]. |
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No invited leader has ever absented himself from the memorial, including those who have criticized visits to Yasukuni Shrine. There has never been a protest from foreign powers about the memorial.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} |
No invited leader has ever absented himself from the memorial, including those who have criticized visits to Yasukuni Shrine. There has never been a protest from foreign powers about the memorial.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} |
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==Order of service== |
==Order of service== |
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# Opening |
# Opening |
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# Entrance of |
# Entrance of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress of Japan |
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# Anthem: ''[[Kimigayo]]'' |
# Anthem: ''[[Kimigayo]]'' |
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# Address by [[Prime Minister of Japan]] |
# Address by [[Prime Minister of Japan]] |
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# [[ |
# [[moment of silence|Moment of Silence]] (usually at [[noon]]) |
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# Address by [[Emperor of Japan|the Emperor]] |
# Address by [[Emperor of Japan|His Majesty the Emperor]] |
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# Addresses by [[ |
# Addresses by [[House of Representatives (Japan)|Speaker of the House of Representatives]], [[House of Councillors|SpeakerofHouseofCouncillors]], Representative for the Bereaved |
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# Exit of the Emperor and Empress of Japan |
# Exit of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress of Japan |
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# Offering of Flowers |
# Offering of Flowers |
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# Closing |
# Closing |
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==Notable events== |
==Notable events== |
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* 1988: Emperor |
* 1988: The Showa Emperor [[Hirohito]], on his deathbed, is flown to the ceremony by helicopter. |
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* 2006: During |
* 2006: During [[Yōhei Kōno]]'s speech, an exceptionally clear reference was made to war responsibility. |
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* 2007: Last ceremony with a surviving parent of a war victim in attendance. |
* 2007: Last ceremony with a surviving parent of a war victim in attendance. |
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* 2009: Due to an irregular dissolution of the |
* 2009: Due to an irregular dissolution of the Diet, there was no Speaker of the House of Representatives. |
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* 2011: The moment of silence was accidentally delayed by 26 seconds due to a long speech |
* 2011: The moment of silence was accidentally delayed by 26 seconds due to a long speech. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== See also == |
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*[[Surrender of Japan]] |
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{{coord missing|Japan}} |
{{coord missing|Japan}} |
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