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==Project OSCAR== |
==Project OSCAR== |
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[[Project OSCAR]] Inc. was started in 1960 by members of the TRW Radio Club of Redondo Beach, California as well as persons associated with [[Foothill College]] to investigate the possibility of putting an amateur satellite in orbit. Project OSCAR was responsible for the construction of the first Amateur Radio Satellites: [[OSCAR 1]],<ref name=nano>{{cite book|title=Nanosatellites: Space and Ground Technologies, Operations and Economics|page=496|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.|date=2020|location=Glasgow |editor=Rogerio Atem de Carvalho |editor2=Jaime Estela |editor3=Martin Langer|isbn=978-1-119-04203-7|oclc=1126347525}}</ref> launched from Vandenberg AFB in California on 12 December 1961, which transmitted a “HI” greeting in Morse Code for three weeks,<ref name = NSSDCoscar1>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-034B|title=OSCAR 1|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> [[OSCAR 2]], [[OSCAR 3]], and [[OSCAR 4]].<ref name=nano/> |
[[Amateur radio satellite|Project OSCAR]] Inc. was started in 1960 by members of the TRW Radio Club of Redondo Beach, California as well as persons associated with [[Foothill College]] to investigate the possibility of putting an amateur satellite in orbit. Project OSCAR was responsible for the construction of the first Amateur Radio Satellites: [[OSCAR 1]],<ref name=nano>{{cite book|title=Nanosatellites: Space and Ground Technologies, Operations and Economics|page=496|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.|date=2020|location=Glasgow |editor=Rogerio Atem de Carvalho |editor2=Jaime Estela |editor3=Martin Langer|isbn=978-1-119-04203-7|oclc=1126347525}}</ref> launched from Vandenberg AFB in California on 12 December 1961, which transmitted a “HI” greeting in Morse Code for three weeks,<ref name = NSSDCoscar1>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-034B|title=OSCAR 1|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> [[OSCAR 2]], [[OSCAR 3]], and [[OSCAR 4]].<ref name=nano/> |
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==Spacecraft== |
==Spacecraft== |
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Launch of NRL Composite 5 carrying OSCAR 3
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| Mission type | Communications |
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| Operator | Project OSCAR / DoD |
| COSPAR ID | 1965-016F  |
| SATCAT no. | 1293 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Launch mass | 16.3 kilograms (36 lb) |
| Dimensions | 20 cm × 30 cm (7.9 in × 11.8 in) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 9 March 1965, 18:29:47 UTC |
| Rocket | Thor SLV-2 Agena-D |
| Launch site | Vandenberg LC-75-1-2 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Eccentricity | 0.00227 |
| Perigee altitude | 884 kilometers (549 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 917 kilometers (570 mi) |
| Inclination | 70.1 degrees |
| Period | 103.1 minutes |
| Epoch | 9 March 1965 |
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← OSCAR 2
OSCAR 4 →
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OSCAR 3 (a.k.a. OSCAR III) is the third amateur radio satellite launched by Project OSCAR into Low Earth Orbit. OSCAR 3 was launched March 9, 1965 by a Thor-DM21 Agena D launcher from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California. The satellite, weighing 16.3 kg, was launched piggyback with seven United States Air Force satellites. The satellite employed no attitude control system. OSCAR III linear transponder lasted 18 days. More than 1000 amateurs in 22 countries communicated through the linear transponder. The two beacon transmitters continued operating for several months.[1][2]
Project OSCAR Inc. was started in 1960 by members of the TRW Radio Club of Redondo Beach, California as well as persons associated with Foothill College to investigate the possibility of putting an amateur satellite in orbit. Project OSCAR was responsible for the construction of the first Amateur Radio Satellites: OSCAR 1,[3] launched from Vandenberg AFB in California on 12 December 1961, which transmitted a “HI” greeting in Morse Code for three weeks,[4] OSCAR 2, OSCAR 3, and OSCAR 4.[3]
OSCAR 3 was an upgrade from the earlier OSCAR I and OSCAR II amateur satellites.[5]
OSCAR 3 flew on the NRL Composite 5 mission, which lofted an unprecedented[6] eight satellites on a single Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D rocket (including POPPY 4, an electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) surveillance package, GGSE-2, GGSE-3, Surcal 2B, SECOR 3, SOLRAD 7B, and Dodedcapole 1) on 9 March 1965 from Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 1, Pad 2.[7][8]
OSCAR 3 was the first true amateur satellite relaying voice contacts in the VHF 2 meter band through a 1 W 50 kHz wide linear transponder (146 MHz uplink and 144 MHz downlink), the first amateur satellite to operate from solar power and relay signals from Earth, and the first satellite to use beacon transmitters, separate from the main communications system (linear transponder). [5]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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