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OSCAR 3 flew on the NRL Composite 5 mission, which lofted an unprecedented<ref name="aa1965">{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/AAchronologies/1965.pdf|title=Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1965|publisher=NASA|access-date=January 2, 2019}}</ref> eight satellites on a single [[Thor-Agena|Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D]] rocket (including [[Poppy (satellite)|POPPY 4]], an [[ELINT|electronic signals intelligence]] (ELINT) surveillance package, [[GGSE-2]], [[GGSE-3]], [[Surcal 2B]], [[SECOR|SECOR 3]], [[SOLRAD 7B]], and [[Dodedcapole 1]]) on 9 March 1965 from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 1|Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 1, Pad 2]].<ref name=nrl5>{{Cite web|url=https://planet4589.org/space/nro/poppy/NRLC5.html|title=Launch 1965-016: NRL Composite 5|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathon's Space Report|access-date=March 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name=log>{{Cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref> |
OSCAR 3 flew on the NRL Composite 5 mission, which lofted an unprecedented<ref name="aa1965">{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/AAchronologies/1965.pdf|title=Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1965|publisher=NASA|access-date=January 2, 2019}}</ref> eight satellites on a single [[Thor-Agena|Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D]] rocket (including [[Poppy (satellite)|POPPY 4]], an [[ELINT|electronic signals intelligence]] (ELINT) surveillance package, [[GGSE-2]], [[GGSE-3]], [[Surcal 2B]], [[SECOR|SECOR 3]], [[SOLRAD 7B]], and [[Dodedcapole 1]]) on 9 March 1965 from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 1|Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 1, Pad 2]].<ref name=nrl5>{{Cite web|url=https://planet4589.org/space/nro/poppy/NRLC5.html|title=Launch 1965-016: NRL Composite 5|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathon's Space Report|access-date=March 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name=log>{{Cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref> |
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Though the satellite's active life was limited to sixteen days due to battery failure,<ref name="SP-133">{{cite book|author=[[William R. Corliss]]|title=Scientific Satellites|publisher=Science and Technical Information Division, Office of Technology Utilization, NASA|date=1967|location=Washington D.C.|pages=765|url=https://archive.org/details/scientificsatell00corl/page/765/mode/2up|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>, OSCAR 3 relayed 176 messages from 98 stations in North America and Europe during its 274 orbit life-time.<ref name=report>{{cite web|url=https://projectoscar.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/oscar_iii_results.pdf|author=H. C. Gabrielson|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref> |
Though the satellite's active life was limited to sixteen days due to battery failure,<ref name="SP-133">{{cite book|author=[[William R. Corliss]]|title=Scientific Satellites|publisher=Science and Technical Information Division, Office of Technology Utilization, NASA|date=1967|location=Washington D.C.|pages=765|url=https://archive.org/details/scientificsatell00corl/page/765/mode/2up|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>, OSCAR 3 relayed 176 messages from 98 stations in North America and Europe during its 274 orbit life-time.<ref name=report>{{cite web|url=https://projectoscar.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/oscar_iii_results.pdf|title=OSCAR 3 Report -- Communications Results|author=H. C. Gabrielson|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref> |
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OSCAR 3 was the first true amateur satellite relaying voice contacts in the [[VHF]] 2 meter band, the first amateur satellite to operate from solar power and relay signals from Earth, and the first satellite to use beacon transmitters separate from the main communications system.<ref name=amsat>{{cite web |url=http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/AboutAmsat/amsat_history.php |title=Space Satellites from the World's Garage -- The Story of AMSAT |last1=Baker |first1=Keith |last2=Jansson |first2=Dick |date=23 May 1994 |access-date=15 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005160332/http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/AboutAmsat/amsat_history.php |archive-date=5 October 2006 }}</ref> |
OSCAR 3 was the first true amateur satellite relaying voice contacts in the [[VHF]] 2 meter band, the first amateur satellite to operate from solar power and relay signals from Earth, and the first satellite to use beacon transmitters separate from the main communications system.<ref name=amsat>{{cite web |url=http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/AboutAmsat/amsat_history.php |title=Space Satellites from the World's Garage -- The Story of AMSAT |last1=Baker |first1=Keith |last2=Jansson |first2=Dick |date=23 May 1994 |access-date=15 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005160332/http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/AboutAmsat/amsat_history.php |archive-date=5 October 2006 }}</ref> |
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Line drawing of OSCAR 3
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Mission type | Communications |
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Operator | Project OSCAR / DoD |
COSPAR ID | 1965-016F ![]() |
SATCAT no. | 1293 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Launch mass | 16.3 kilograms (36 lb) |
Dimensions | 20 cm × 30 cm (7.9 in × 11.8 in) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 9 March 1965, 18:29:47 UTC |
Rocket | Thor SLV-2 Agena-D |
Launch site | Vandenberg LC-75-1-2 |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Eccentricity | 0.00227 |
Perigee altitude | 884 kilometers (549 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 917 kilometers (570 mi) |
Inclination | 70.1 degrees |
Period | 103.1 minutes |
Epoch | 9 March 1965 |
← OSCAR 2
OSCAR 4 →
|
OSCAR 3 (a.k.a. OSCAR III) is the third amateur radio satellite launched by Project OSCAR into Low Earth Orbit. OSCAR 3 was launched March 9, 1965 by a Thor-DM21 Agena D launcher from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California. The satellite, weighing 16.3 kg, was launched piggyback with seven United States Air Force satellites. The satellite employed no attitude control system. OSCAR 3's linear transponder lasted 18 days. More than 1000 amateurs in 22 countries communicated through the linear transponder. The two beacon transmitters continued operating for several months.[1][2]
Project OSCAR Inc. was started in 1960 by members of the TRW Radio Club of Redondo Beach, California as well as persons associated with Foothill College to investigate the possibility of putting an amateur satellite in orbit. Project OSCAR was responsible for the construction of the first Amateur Radio Satellites: OSCAR 1,[3] launched from Vandenberg AFB in California on 12 December 1961, which transmitted a “HI” greeting in Morse Code for three weeks,[4] OSCAR 2, OSCAR 3, and OSCAR 4.[3]
OSCAR 3 was a 15 kg (33 lb) rectangular-prism-shaped satellite, 7 in (18 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) by 7 in (18 cm) in dimension. Unlike its predecessors, which could only transmit a morse code "HI" signal through their beacons, OSCAR 3 was a true communications satellite. Equipped with a translator, when the satellite received signals broadcast to it at 144.1 MHz, its translator converted them to 30 MHz for amplification, and then reconverted them to 145.9 MHz, for further amplification and retransmission. A watt of power was available for transmission; if more than one signal were received simultaneously, they shared the power in proportion to their signal strengths when received. OSCAR 3 also carried a beacon like OSCARs 1 and 2, though of lower power.[5]
Four quarter-wave antennas (two for input/output to the translator, one for the beacon, and one for telemetry to the ground) were mounted on the sides of the lightweight magnesium-lithium alloy satellite. The hull was covered with shiny aluminum foil tape to reflect the heat of the sun, and lack stripes were painted over the shiny aluminum to radiate heat away from OSCAR 3 during the times it orbited in the shadow of the earth. A large 18-volt battery powered the satellite, though the beacon was designed to continue functioning, supplied by power from solar cells and a rechargeable battery.[5]
[[File:650309nrlcomposite 5.jpg|thumb|Launch of NRL Composite 5 carrying OSCAR 3|alt=Launch of NRL Composite 5 carrying OSCAR 3}}
OSCAR 3 flew on the NRL Composite 5 mission, which lofted an unprecedented[6] eight satellites on a single Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D rocket (including POPPY 4, an electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) surveillance package, GGSE-2, GGSE-3, Surcal 2B, SECOR 3, SOLRAD 7B, and Dodedcapole 1) on 9 March 1965 from Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 1, Pad 2.[7][8]
Though the satellite's active life was limited to sixteen days due to battery failure,[9], OSCAR 3 relayed 176 messages from 98 stations in North America and Europe during its 274 orbit life-time.[10]
OSCAR 3 was the first true amateur satellite relaying voice contacts in the VHF 2 meter band, the first amateur satellite to operate from solar power and relay signals from Earth, and the first satellite to use beacon transmitters separate from the main communications system.[11]
As of 16 May 2021, OSCAR 3 is still in orbit, and its position can be tracked on-line.[12]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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