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{{Short description|Park and historic cemetery in Manila}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}} |
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{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}} |
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{{Infobox park |
{{Infobox park |
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| name = Paco Park |
| name = Paco Park |
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| photo = |
| photo = IJVPacoCemetery5.jpg |
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| photo_alt = |
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| photo_caption = Paco Park |
| photo_caption = Paco Park |
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| map = |
| map = |
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| type = |
| type = |
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| location = [[Paco, Manila]], Philippines |
| location = [[Paco, Manila|Paco]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] |
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| coordinates = |
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| publictransit = {{rint|metro}} {{rint|manila|LRT-1}} {{lrt|United Nations}} <br/> {{rint|bus|1}} {{RouteBox|6|List of bus routes in Metro Manila|#0D264F|white}}{{RouteBox|17|List of bus routes in Metro Manila|#E3833F|white}} United Nations |
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| area = {{convert|4114.80|sqm|sqft|sp=us}} |
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| coordinates = {{coord|14.58122|N|120.98889|E|region:PH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| operator = |
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| operator = National Parks Development Committee |
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| ⚫ | The '''Paco Park''' is a recreational garden and was once Manila’s municipal cemetery built by the Dominicans during the [[Spanish Colonial Era (Philippines)|Spanish colonial period]]. It is located on General Luna Street and at the east end of Padre Faura Street in [[Paco, Manila|Paco]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]. |
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| ⚫ | Paco Park has also become a very popular venue for weddings and receptions for couples who prefer garden-like settings. The Chapel of St. Pancratius is under the care of the San Vicente de Paul Parish and the Vincentian fathers who also manage the nearby [[Adamson University]]. |
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| ⚫ |
The '''Paco Park''' |
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Paco Park has also become a popular venue for TV and film shootings, weddings, pre-nuptial shoots, private gatherings and cultural programs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Laden with layers of history, Paco Park turns 200 |url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/402848/laden-with-layers-of-history-paco-park-turns-200/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Lifestyle.INQ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paco Park |url=https://npdc.gov.ph/paco-park/ |website=National Parks and Development Committee}}</ref> One of its exposures in a movie was in [[Starting Over Again (2014 film)]]. |
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[[File:Cementerio General de Dilao 1870's.jpg|thumb|Cementerio General de Dilao, 1870's]] |
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[[File:IJVPacoCemetery1.jpg|thumb|Cemetery [[National Historical Commission of the Philippines|HRMC]] historical marker]] |
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[[File:PacoParkjf0872 09.JPG|thumb|alt=Bust of Jose Rizal inside Paco Cemetery|Bust of Jose Rizal inside Paco Cemetery]] |
[[File:PacoParkjf0872 09.JPG|thumb|alt=Bust of Jose Rizal inside Paco Cemetery|Bust of Jose Rizal inside Paco Cemetery]] |
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According to an on-site inscription, an order for the construction of a cemetery in [[Rizal Park|Bagumbayan]] was issued in 1807, due to the outbreak of a cholera epidemic in Manila. Maestro de Obras Don Nicolas Ruiz developed a plan for the Paco Cemetery, while Don Jose Coll served as supervisor of the construction work. The cemetery was primarily designed as a municipal cemetery for the affluent and established aristocratic Spanish families who resided in the old Manila, or the city within the walls of [[Intramuros]] during the Spanish colonial era. It was on April 22, 1822 |
According to an on-site inscription, an order for the construction of a cemetery in [[Rizal Park|Bagumbayan]] was issued in 1807, due to the outbreak of a cholera epidemic in Manila. Maestro de Obras Don Nicolas Ruiz developed a plan for the Paco Cemetery, while Don Jose Coll served as supervisor of the construction work. The cemetery was primarily designed as a municipal cemetery for the affluent and established aristocratic Spanish families who resided in the old Manila, or the city within the walls of [[Intramuros]] during the Spanish colonial era. It was on April 22, 1822 when the cemetery was officially inaugurated, although it had been in use for two years prior to its completion. |
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In 1859, Governor [[Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero]] proposed the extension of the cemetery to approximately 4,500 square yards, enclosing the original plan with another circular outer wall. For the amount of Php 19,700, a Chinese builder won the bid to build the outer portion of the cemetery. At that time, the niches cost Php 20 for three years, which was subject to renewals as no one was granted privilege to own the niches in perpetuity. |
In 1859, Governor [[Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero]] proposed the extension of the cemetery to approximately 4,500 square yards, enclosing the original plan with another circular outer wall. For the amount of Php 19,700, a Chinese builder won the bid to build the outer portion of the cemetery. At that time, the niches cost Php 20 for three years, which was subject to renewals as no one was granted privilege to own the niches in perpetuity. |
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On December 30, 1896, Philippine national hero Dr. [[José Rizal]] was interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan. |
On December 30, 1896, Philippine national hero Dr. [[José P. Rizal]] was interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan. |
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Interment at the Paco Cemetery ceased in 1912. It had been the burial ground for several generations and descendants of those buried in the park had the remains of their ancestors exhumed and transferred to other cemeteries in Manila |
Interment at the Paco Cemetery ceased in 1912. It had been the burial ground for several generations and descendants of those buried in the park had the remains of their ancestors exhumed and transferred to other cemeteries in Manila. |
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===American and Japanese period=== |
=== American and Japanese period === |
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[[File:IJVPacoCemetery1.jpg|thumb|Marker of Paco Cemetery]] |
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During the [[Second World War]], Japanese forces used Paco Park as a central supply and ammunition depot. The high thick adobe walls around the park were ideal for defensive positions of the Japanese. Prior to the [[liberation of Manila]] in 1945, the Japanese dug several trenches and pill boxes around and within the Park with three 75 millimeter guns to defend their fortification against the charging 1st Battalion of the 148th Infantry Regiment of the [[United States Army]] and [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]]. |
During the [[Second World War]], Japanese forces used Paco Park as a central supply and ammunition depot. The high thick adobe walls around the park were ideal for defensive positions of the Japanese. Prior to the [[liberation of Manila]] in 1945, the Japanese dug several trenches and pill boxes around and within the Park with three 75 millimeter guns to defend their fortification against the charging 1st Battalion of the 148th Infantry Regiment of the [[United States Army]] and [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]]. |
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===Post-war and modern period=== |
=== Post-war and modern period === |
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| ⚫ | The park was converted into a National Park in 1966 during the term of President [[Diosdado Macapagal]]. Paco Park’s grandeur was slowly restored after the war and since then has remained as a public park and promenade for the community. |
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[[File:Paco Park Entrance.JPG|thumb|Paco Park entrance marker]] |
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The park was converted into a National Park in 1966 during the term of President [[Diosdado Macapagal]]. Paco |
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Paco Park and its care was placed under the responsibility of the National |
Paco Park and its care was placed under the responsibility of the National Park’s Development Committee (NPDC) during the regime of President [[Ferdinand E. Marcos]]. During the Marcos period, through the efforts of First Lady [[Imelda Marcos|Imelda R. Marcos]], culture was given emphasis and priority in the country and Paco Park was one of the few venues chosen to host events related to culture. On February 29, 1980, then Press and Cultural Attache of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of [[Germany]] in the Philippines, Dr. Christoph Jessen with then NPDC Vice-Chairperson [[Teodoro Valencia]] started a classical concert at the park as part of the celebrations for the “Philippine-German Month.” The program became a tradition, a weekly fare held every Friday afternoons called the ''“Paco Park Presents.”'' |
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The event featured and highlighted the exchange of Filipino and German musical artists who performed at Paco Park and it served as a means to strengthen the bond between Germany and the Philippines. In 1998, the celebration of Philippine-German month was moved from February to March, with the concert starting at 7: |
The event featured and highlighted the exchange of Filipino and German musical artists who performed at Paco Park and it served as a means to strengthen the bond between Germany and the Philippines. In 1998, the celebration of Philippine-German month was moved from February to March, with the concert starting at 7:00PM. However, Paco Park Presents continues to celebrate its anniversary every February. In addition, "Paco Park Presents" features the finest musical artists and chorales, local and guests performers for an evening of classical and traditional Filipino music every Friday by sunset and is aired on the [[National Broadcasting Network]]. |
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Paco Park has also become a very popular venue for weddings and receptions for couples who prefer garden-like settings. The Chapel of St. Pancratius is under the care of the San Vicente de Paul Parish and the Vincentian fathers who also manage the nearby [[Adamson University]]. |
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Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila|COVID-19 pandemic]], Paco Park was temporarily closed to the public.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rizal Park, Intramuros sites temporarily closed amid COVID-19 spread |language=en-US |work=Manila Bulletin|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2020/03/13/rizal-park-intramuros-sites-temporarily-closed-amid-covid-19-spread |access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> |
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==Architecture and design== |
== Architecture and design== |
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[[File:St. Pancratius Chapel, Paco Cemetery.JPG|thumb|St. Pancratius Chapel at the rear of the park]] |
[[File:St. Pancratius Chapel, Paco Cemetery.JPG|thumb|St. Pancratius Chapel at the rear of the park]] |
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Paco Park is circular in shape, with an inner circular fort that stood as the original cemetery. Its walls were made hollow to serve as niches, and as the population continued to grow, a second outer wall was built with thick adobe walls. The top of the walls were then made into pathways for promenades. A small, domed Roman Catholic chapel was also built inside the walls of the park and was dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]]. |
Paco Park is circular in shape, with an inner circular fort that stood as the original cemetery. Its walls were made hollow to serve as niches, and as the population continued to grow, a second outer wall was built with thick adobe walls. The top of the walls were then made into pathways for promenades. A small, domed Roman Catholic chapel was also built inside the walls of the park and was dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]]. |
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[[Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr.]], a noted landscape architect who was given recognition as a Philippine National Artist, was involved in the designing of Paco Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/press-releases/press-release.php?i=175|title = National Artist Ildefonso P. Santos Passes Away|date = |
[[Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr.]], a noted landscape architect who was given recognition as a Philippine National Artist, was involved in the designing of Paco Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/press-releases/press-release.php?i=175|title = National Artist Ildefonso P. Santos Passes Away|date = 29 January 2014|accessdate = 4 May 2014}}</ref> |
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===St. Pancratius Chapel=== |
===St. Pancratius Chapel === |
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Inside the Paco Cemetery is a chapel dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]], |
Inside the Paco Cemetery is a chapel dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]],a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] citizen who converted to [[Christianity]], and was [[decapitation|beheaded]] for his faith at the age of just 14 around the year 304. His name is [[Greek language|Greek]] and literally means "the one that holds everything". |
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== Notable interments == |
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The |
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[[File:Temporary Burial Site of Rizal on Paco Cemetery.JPG|thumb|Temporary burial site of José Rizal]] |
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| ⚫ | * [[Jose Rizal|'''Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal''']], Philippine National Hero, was secretly interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896, and was guarded for fifteen days by the ''Guardia Civil Veterana''. His remains were exhumed on August 17, 1898 and on December 30, 1912 was laid underneath the monument dedicated to him at the Luneta as stated in the Park's marker. |
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* [[Jose Burgos|'''Fr. Jose A. Burgos''']], [[Mariano Gomez|'''Fr. Mariano C. Gomes''']] and [[Jacinto Zamora|'''Fr. Jacinto R. Zamora''']]<nowiki/>'s mortal remains after their execution on February 17, 1892, were buried in the cemetery grounds as they were linked to the Cavite Mutiny, as stated in the Park's marker. |
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== See also == |
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[[File:Jose Rizal's first grave in Paco Park, Manila edit.jpg|thumb|Temporary burial site of José Rizal at Paco Park in [[Manila]]. Slightly renovated and date repainted in English.]] |
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* [[ |
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* Ramon Maria Llanderal Solano, Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines (1857–1860). |
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* [[Gomburza|GomBurZa friars]] ''([[Mariano Gomez (priest)|Fr. Mariano Gomez]], [[Jose Burgos|Fr. Jose Burgos]], and '[[Jacinto Zamora|Fr. Jacinto Zamora]])''<nowiki/>, a trio of diocesan clergymen (secular priest), were buried in the cemetery grounds after their execution on February 17, 1872, after being falsely accused of being linked to the Cavite Mutiny. |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of parks in Manila]] |
* [[List of parks in Manila]] |
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* [[Demographic history of the Philippines]] |
* [[Demographic history of the Philippines]] |
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* [[Culture of the Philippines]] |
* [[Culture of the Philippines]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
===Bibliography=== |
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* |
*''By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, 3 February-3 March 1945'' by Alphonso J. Aluit (1994) Bookmark, Inc. © 1994 National Commission for Culture and the Arts ISBN 971-569-162-5 |
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{{commonscategory}} |
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{{commons category}} |
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* [http://www.lakwatsero.com/spots/paco-park-and-cemetery/ Paco Park and Cemetery] |
* [http://www.lakwatsero.com/spots/paco-park-and-cemetery/ Paco Park and Cemetery] |
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* [ |
* [http://www.nationalparks.ph National Parks Development Committee] |
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{{Parks and plazas in Manila}} |
{{Parks and plazas in Manila}} |
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{{Manila cemeteries}} |
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{{Manila landmarks}} |
{{Manila landmarks}} |
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[[Category:Parks in Manila]] |
[[Category:Parks in Metro Manila]] |
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[[Category:Cemeteries in Metro Manila]] |
[[Category:Cemeteries in Metro Manila]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Paco, Manila]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Paco, Manila]] |
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[[Category:Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila]] |
[[Category:Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila]] |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manila]] |
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manila]] |
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[[Category:Works of National Artists of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines]] |
[[Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines]] |
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