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{{Short description|Catchments of the Peppara Dam on the Karamana River in India}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}} |
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{{Infobox protected area |
{{Infobox protected area |
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| name = Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary |
| name = Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary |
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| alt_name = |
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| iucn_category = IV |
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| label = Peppara |
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| photo = Peppara sanctuary.jpg |
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| label_position = right |
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| photo_alt = |
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| photo_caption = Sanctuary as seen from the Peppara dam |
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| lat_d = 8 |
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| photo_width = |
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| lat_s = 50 |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = |
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| ⚫ | | location = [[Thiruvananthapuram district]], [[Kerala]], India |
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| long_s = 0 |
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| ⚫ | | nearest_city = [[Thiruvananthapuram]] {{convert|44|km|mi|sp=us}} |
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| long_EW = E |
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| coordinates = {{coord|8|38|50|N|77|10|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| area = 53 km<sup>2</sup> |
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| coords_ref = |
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| area = |
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| established = 1983 |
| established = 1983 |
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| visitation_num = |
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| visitation_year = |
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| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], Kerala Forest Department |
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| world_heritage_site = |
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| url = {{URL|http://www.forest.kerala.gov.in/}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary''' constitutes the catchments of the Peppara Dam on the [[Karamana River]] near [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[India]]. |
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The '''Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[Wildlife sanctuary network in India|wildlife sanctuary]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] of [[Kerala]], India. It consists of the catchment area of the [[Karamana River]], which originates from Chemmunjimottai, the tallest hill within the sanctuary. The sanctuary is named after the [[Peppara Dam]], commissioned in 1983 to augment the drinking water supply to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] city and suburban areas. Considering the ecological significance of the area, it was declared a sanctuary in 1983. The terrain is undulating with elevation ranging from 100 m to 1717 m. The area of the sanctuary is 75 km2 with [[Tropical moist broadleaf forests|tropical moist evergreen forests]] and [[myristica swamp]]s.<ref name="Menon">{{cite journal|last1=Menon|first1=A R R|last2=Verghese|first2=A O|title=Structure, diversity and status of the landscape of Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary|journal=Evergreen|volume=45|pages=15–17|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259893118|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> It is part of the [[Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Agasthyamala {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/india/agasthyamala/ |website=www.unesco.org |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is {{convert|44|km}} by car from the nearest railway station, at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], and {{convert|49|km}} from the Thiruvananthapuram airport. |
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The Peppara Dam was commissioned in 1983 to augment the drinking water supply to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] city and suburban areas. Considering the ecological significance of the area, it was declared a sanctuary in 1983. The area was formerly a part of the Paruthippally range of the Thiruvananthapuram Territorial Division. Forests consist of part of the Palode reserve ({{convert|24|km2}}) and part of Kottoor reserve ({{convert|29|km2}}). The total water spread of the reservoir is {{convert|5.82|km2}}. Recently, a joint effort has been made by [[Kerala]] Tourism with the State Forest Department and the Kerala Water Authority to beautify the dam site and provide more entertainment and leisure facilities here.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} |
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==History== |
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The area was formerly a part of the [[Paruthippally]] range of the Thiruvananthapuram [[territorial division]]. Forests consist of part of the Palode reserve ({{convert|24|km2}}) and part of Kottoor reserve ({{convert|29|km2}}). The total water spread of the reservoir is {{convert|5.82|km2}}. |
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==Geography== |
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[[Image:Peppara Reservoir.jpg|thumb|Peppara Reservoir as seen from the dam]] |
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== Location == |
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The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on Thiruvananthapuram-[[Ponmudi]] Road, about 50 km northeast of Thiruvananthapuram. |
The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on Thiruvananthapuram-[[Ponmudi]] Road, about 50 km northeast of Thiruvananthapuram. |
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== Topography == |
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The area is hilly, with elevation varying from {{convert|100|m}} to {{convert|1717|m}}. The major peaks in the sanctuary are Chemmunjimottai (1717m), Athirumalai (1594m), Arumukhamkunnu (1457m), Koviltherimalai (1313m) and Nachiyadikunnu (957m). Annual average rainfall is {{convert|2500|mm}}. The major rivers are Karamana River and its tributaries. |
The area is hilly, with elevation varying from {{convert|100|m}} to {{convert|1717|m}}. The major peaks in the sanctuary are Chemmunjimottai (1717m), Athirumalai (1594m), Arumukhamkunnu (1457m), Koviltherimalai (1313m) and Nachiyadikunnu (957m). Annual average rainfall is {{convert|2500|mm}}. The major rivers are Karamana River and its tributaries. |
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==Biology and ecology== |
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== Biodiversity == |
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Forest types include West coast tropical evergreen, Southern hilltop tropical evergreen, West coast semi-evergreen,Southern moist mixed deciduous forest, Myristica swamp forest, sub-montane hill valley swamp forest etc. |
Forest types include West coast tropical evergreen, Southern hilltop tropical evergreen, West coast semi-evergreen, Southern moist mixed deciduous forest, Myristica swamp forest, sub-montane hill valley swamp forest etc. |
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===Trees=== |
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Common tree species are ''[[Terminalia paniculata]]'', '' |
Common tree species are ''[[Terminalia paniculata]]'', ''[[Terminalia bellirica]]'', ''[[Pterocarpus marsupium]]'', ''[[Palaquium ellipticum]]'', ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'', ''[[Hopea parviflora]]'', ''[[Bombax ceiba]]'', ''[[Syzygium cumini]]'', ''[[Lagerstroemia microcarpa]]'', ''[[Albizia procera]]'', ''[[Alstonia scholaris]]'', etc. |
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===Animals=== |
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The sanctuary has |
The sanctuary has several mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. 43 species of mammals, 233 species of birds, 46 species of reptiles, 13 species of amphibians and 27 species of fishes are reported from the sanctuary. The common mammals found are [[tiger]], [[leopard]], [[sloth bear]], [[elephant]], [[sambar (deer)]], [[bonnet macaque]], [[Nilgiri langur]], [[Nilgiri tahr]]. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is {{convert|44|km}} by car from the nearest railway station, at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], and {{convert|49|km}} from the Thiruvananthapuram airport. |
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| ⚫ | Image:Peppara Dam Reservoir Gate IMG 20141003 174618.jpg|Peppara Dam Reservoir Entrance |
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| ⚫ | Image:Peppara Reservoir.jpg|Peppara Reservoir as seen from the dam |
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* Accommodation: - No facilities by the department. IB of Kerala Water Authority is very near to the headquarters. |
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File:Peppara Dam Reservoir IMG 20141003 174412.jpg|Dam top view |
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* Best season to visit: January to March but open year round |
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</gallery> |
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* Special attractions: Trekking to forest area – Bonafalls, Vazahuvanthole water falls, Kalarkad waterfalls, visit to settlement areas etc. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Kolakolli]] |
* [[Kolakolli]] |
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* [[Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram]] |
* [[Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram]] |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category}} |
{{commons category|Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary}} |
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* [http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?source=desti&destid=35&catid=&zone=1 Kerala tourism |
* [http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?source=desti&destid=35&catid=&zone=1 Kerala tourism official site] |
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* [http://www.Nedumangad.net/ |
* [http://www.Nedumangad.net/ Information about Nedumangad] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Protected areas of Kerala}} |
{{Protected areas of Kerala}} |
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{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}} |
{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Geography of Thiruvananthapuram district]] |
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[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala]] |
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thiruvananthapuram district]] |
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[[Category:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] |
[[Category:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] |
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[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]] |
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[[Category:South Western Ghats montane rain forests]] |
[[Category:South Western Ghats montane rain forests]] |
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[[Category:Protected areas of Kerala]] |
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[[Category:1983 establishments in Kerala]] |
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[[Category:Protected areas established in 1983]] |
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| Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary | |
|---|---|
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
Sanctuary as seen from the Peppara dam
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| Location | Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India |
| Nearest city | Thiruvananthapuram 44 kilometers (27 mi) |
| Coordinates | 8°38′50″N 77°10′0″E / 8.64722°N 77.16667°E / 8.64722; 77.16667 |
| Established | 1983 |
| Governing body | Ministry of Environment and Forests, Kerala Forest Department |
| www | |
The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuaryinThiruvananthapuram districtofKerala, India. It consists of the catchment area of the Karamana River, which originates from Chemmunjimottai, the tallest hill within the sanctuary. The sanctuary is named after the Peppara Dam, commissioned in 1983 to augment the drinking water supply to Thiruvananthapuram city and suburban areas. Considering the ecological significance of the area, it was declared a sanctuary in 1983. The terrain is undulating with elevation ranging from 100 m to 1717 m. The area of the sanctuary is 75 km2 with tropical moist evergreen forests and myristica swamps.[1] It is part of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.[2] Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is 44 kilometres (27 mi) by car from the nearest railway station, at Thiruvananthapuram, and 49 kilometres (30 mi) from the Thiruvananthapuram airport.
The area was formerly a part of the Paruthippally range of the Thiruvananthapuram territorial division. Forests consist of part of the Palode reserve (24 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi)) and part of Kottoor reserve (29 square kilometres (11 sq mi)). The total water spread of the reservoir is 5.82 square kilometres (2.25 sq mi).
The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on Thiruvananthapuram-Ponmudi Road, about 50 km northeast of Thiruvananthapuram.
The area is hilly, with elevation varying from 100 metres (330 ft) to 1,717 metres (5,633 ft). The major peaks in the sanctuary are Chemmunjimottai (1717m), Athirumalai (1594m), Arumukhamkunnu (1457m), Koviltherimalai (1313m) and Nachiyadikunnu (957m). Annual average rainfall is 2,500 millimetres (98 in). The major rivers are Karamana River and its tributaries.
Forest types include West coast tropical evergreen, Southern hilltop tropical evergreen, West coast semi-evergreen, Southern moist mixed deciduous forest, Myristica swamp forest, sub-montane hill valley swamp forest etc.
Common tree species are Terminalia paniculata, Terminalia bellirica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Palaquium ellipticum, Mesua ferrea, Hopea parviflora, Bombax ceiba, Syzygium cumini, Lagerstroemia microcarpa, Albizia procera, Alstonia scholaris, etc.
The sanctuary has several mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. 43 species of mammals, 233 species of birds, 46 species of reptiles, 13 species of amphibians and 27 species of fishes are reported from the sanctuary. The common mammals found are tiger, leopard, sloth bear, elephant, sambar (deer), bonnet macaque, Nilgiri langur, Nilgiri tahr.
