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{{Short description|Roman Catholic basilica, a landmark of Rome, Italy}} |
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{{Infobox church |
{{Infobox church |
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| name = The Basilica of Saint Augustine of Hippo in Camp Martius |
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| fullname = |
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| native_name = {{lang-la|Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Martio}}<br>{{lang-it|Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio}}<br> |
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| icon_alt = |
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| name = Basilica of St. Augustine |
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| fullname = Basilica of St. Augustine in Campo Marzio |
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| other name = |
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| native_name = {{lang-la|Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Marzio}}<br>{{lang-it|Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio}}<br> |
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| image = Sant Agostino Fassade.jpg |
| image = Sant Agostino Fassade.jpg |
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| caption = Façade from the Piazza di Sant’Agostino |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|41|54|3|N|12|28|27|E|format=dms}} |
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|image_size=270 |
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| caption = Façade of the church from the Piazza |
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|mapframe-frame-width=270 |
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|mapframe=yes |
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| pushpin map = |
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|mapframe-caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view |
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| pushpin label position = |
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|mapframe-zoom=13 |
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| pushpin map alt = |
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|mapframe-marker=religious-christian |
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|mapframe-wikidata=yes |
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| relief = |
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| location = 80 Via della Scrofa (parish office), [[Rome]] |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|41|54|3.24|N|12|28|27.44|E}} |
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| osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> |
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| osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall| TEXT}} --> |
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| location = [[Rome]] |
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| country = [[Italy]] |
| country = [[Italy]] |
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| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] |
| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] |
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| religious institute = [[Order of Saint Augustine]] |
| religious institute = [[Order of Saint Augustine]] |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.agostiniani.it}} |
| website = {{URL|http://www.agostiniani.it}} |
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| founder = [[Pope Boniface VIII]]<br> [[Guillaume d'Estouteville]] |
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| dedication = [[AugustineofHippo]]<br>[[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|Tryphon]] |
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| bull date = |
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| founded date = {{start date|1286|}} |
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| founder = [[Pope Boniface VIII]]<br> [[Guillaume d'Estouteville|Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville]] |
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| dedication = [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]]<br>[[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|Saint Tryphon]] |
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| dedicated date = |
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| consecrated date = 1446 |
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| cult = Saint Augustine<br>[[Saint Monica]]<br>[[Madonna del Parto]] |
| cult = Saint Augustine<br>[[Saint Monica]]<br>[[Madonna del Parto]] |
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| relics = Saint Monica<br>[[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|Saint Tryphon]] |
| relics = Saint Monica<br>[[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|Saint Tryphon]] |
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| events = |
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| past bishop = |
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| people = |
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| status = [[Minor basilica]] |
| status = [[Minor basilica]] |
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| functional status = Active |
| functional status = Active |
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| heritage designation = |
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| designated date = |
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| architect = Giacomo di Pietrasanta<br>Francesco Borromini<br>Baccio Pontelli<br>Luigi Vanvitelli<br>Carlo Murena |
| architect = Giacomo di Pietrasanta<br>Francesco Borromini<br>Baccio Pontelli<br>Luigi Vanvitelli<br>Carlo Murena |
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| architectural type = |
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| style = [[Renaissance architecture|Roman renaissance]] |
| style = [[Renaissance architecture|Roman renaissance]] |
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| diocese = [[Diocese of Rome]] |
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| cardinal protector = [[Jean-Pierre Ricard]] |
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| groundbreaking = 1296 |
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| priestincharge = Felice Perrino |
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}} |
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| construction cost = |
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| closed date = |
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| demolished date = |
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The '''Basilica of Saint Augustine in Camp Martius''' ({{lang-it|Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio}}; {{lang-la|Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Martio}}), commonly known as '''Basilica of Saint Augustine''' is a [[Roman Catholic]] [[minor basilica]] in [[Rome]]. The [[titular church]] is dedicated to [[Saint Augustine of Hippo]] and serves as the [[motherhouse]] of the [[Augustinian Order]]. |
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First conceived in 1286, the current basilica (completed in 1483) is known for its [[Renaissance architecture]] style; housing artwork by Roman artisans [[Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio]], [[Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino]], and [[Giovanni Francesco Barbieri]]. It is also the burial site of [[Saint Monica]], the mother of Augustine. |
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| parish = |
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| benefice = |
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| deanery = |
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| archdeaconry = |
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| episcopalarea = |
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| archdiocese = |
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| metropolis = |
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| diocese = [[Diocese of Rome]] |
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| province = |
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| presbytery = |
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| synod = |
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| circuit = |
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[[Pope John Paul II]] raised the shrine to the status of [[Minor Basilica]] via decree on 29 October 1999. |
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| cardinal protector = [[Jean-Pierre Ricard|Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard]] |
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| prior = |
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| subprior = |
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| rector = |
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| chancellor = |
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| priestincharge = Felice Perrino OSA |
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| priest = |
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==History== |
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| logo = NewOSAlogo.png |
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The former parish of [[San Trifone in Posterula|Saint Tryphon in Posterula Church]] was built at this site in 700 A.D. and was originally dedicated to the martyr [[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|Saint Tryphon of Campsada]]. The [[Order of Saint Augustine]] was founded at the Basilica of [[Santa Maria del Popolo]] in Rome in 1244. The Augustinian friars soon desired to have their main monastery and church closer to [[Vatican City]].<ref name="Augnet">{{cite web |title=Rome - Sant'Agostino Church |url=http://augnet.org/en/history/places/4238-italy-rome-santagostino-church/ |website=Augnet |access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref> The Roman nobleman Egidio Lufredi donated land near here in [[Campo Marzio]] to the Augustinian friars in 1286. On 20 February 1287 [[Pope Honorius IV]] granted the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church to the Augustinian friars. |
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The first building structure was commissioned by [[Pope Boniface VIII]], was built here by the Augustinian friars in 1296-1446 right next to the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church. The construction of the second (current) basilica began in 1479. It was commissioned by [[Pope Sixtus IV]]; designed by architect [[Baccio Pontelli]] (who also designed the Sistine Chapel); and funded by Cardinal [[Guillaume d'Estouteville]].<ref>S. Miranda, list of [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/curia.htm#Chamber Cardinal Chamberlains of the Holy Roman Church]. Retrieved: 2016-03-21.</ref> Its construction was completed in 1483. Giacomo di Pietrasanta (?-1495) built its façade by using travertine salvaged from the ruins of the [[Colosseum]]. Its façade reads the following: |
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}} |
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{{Quote|''Guillermus de Estoutevilla, Episcopus Ostiensis, Cardinalis Rothomagensis, Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ, Camerarius, Fecit MCCCCLXXXIII'' |
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[[File:SAgostino-interior-01.jpg|thumb|241px|Interior of S. Agostino, Rome, with nave and High Altar]] |
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<br> |
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The '''Basilica of St. Augustine in Campo Marzio''' ({{lang-it|Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio}}; {{lang-la|Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Marzio}}), commonly known as '''Basilica of St. Augustine''' and locally as '''''Sant'Agostino''''', is a [[Roman Catholic|catholic]] [[Titular church|titular]] [[Minor basilica|minor basilica]] dedicated to [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] in [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. It is the [[Mother church|mother church]] of the [[Order of Saint Augustine]] and it is located near the [[Piazza Navona]] in the [[Rione|''rione'']] [[Sant'Eustachio (rione of Rome)|''Sant'Eustachio'']]. |
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[[English language|English]]: William of Stateville, the Bishop of Ostia, Cardinal of Rouen of the Holy Roman Church, Camerlengo, built this in the Year 1483.}} |
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Its first restoration was completed in 1763 by [[Luigi Vanvitelli]];<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UkgQAAAAYAAJ New Guide of Rome, Naples and Their Environs], By Mariano Vasi and Antonio Nibby, page 105.</ref> its second restoration was completed in 1870; and its most recent restoration occurred in 1998–2000. |
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First conceived in 1286, where a [[San Trifone in Posterula|primitive 8th-century church]] dedicated to [[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|St. Tryphon of Campsada]] was located, the basilica is known for its [[Renaissance architecture|roman renaissance architecture]] style, prominent artwork by artists such as [[Caravaggio]], [[Raphael]], [[Guercino]] and [[Bernini]], and for being the burial place of [[Saint Monica]] (d. 387), mother of Saint Augustine of Hippo. |
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The title of Sant'Agostino has been held by Cardinal [[Jean-Pierre Ricard]] since 2006. It is the [[station church]] of the first Saturday in [[Lent]]. |
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==History== |
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The [[Order of St. Augustine]] was founded in [[1244]] and its first [[Church (building)|church]] and [[monastery]] were the ones of ''[[Santa Maria del Popolo]]'' next to the ''[[Porta del Popolo]]'' on the [[Aurelian Walls|Roman wall]]. The [[friars]] of the newly founded [[mendicant order]], however, desired to have their main house closer to the [[Pope]] and the [[Roman Curia|administration of the Church]].<ref name="Augnet">{{cite web |title=Rome - Sant'Agostino Church |url=http://augnet.org/en/history/places/4238-italy-rome-santagostino-church/ |website=Augnet |accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref> |
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==Catholic Mass== |
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In [[1286]], a Roman nobleman named Egidio Lufredi donated several houses in the area of ''[[Campo Marzio]]'' to the Order. The friars requested authorization to construct a church and a monastery on this land; [[Pope Honorius IV]], however, only authorized the construction of the monastery because a new church would be too close to the [[San Trifone in Posterula|Chruch of St. Tryphon in Posterula]], at the corner of the current ''Via dei Portoghesi'' and ''Via della Scrofa''. Instead, the Pope entrusted the already existing church, which preserved the [[Relic|relics]] of [[Christian martyr|martyrs]] Saints [[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha]], to the Augustinians.<ref name="Augnet" /> |
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[[File:Sant'Agostino (Rome) - Interior HDR.jpg|thumb|Internal Nave and High Altar. ]] |
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The basilica is open to the general public with some restrictions: |
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* Monday to Saturday: 7:15 AM—12:00 PM and 4:00—7:30 PM. |
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The construction of the church was funded by [[Guillaume d'Estouteville]], [[Archbishop of Rouen]] and Cardinal Camerlengo (1477-1483).<ref>S. Miranda, list of [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/curia.htm#Chamber Cardinal Chamberlains of the Holy Roman Church]. Retrieved: 2016-03-21.</ref> The façade was built in 1483 by [[Giacomo di Pietrasanta]], using travertine taken from the [[Colosseum]]. The design of the church is attributed to the late 15th century architect [[Baccio Pontelli]], with later 18th century restorations of the interior by [[Luigi Vanvitelli]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UkgQAAAAYAAJ New Guide of Rome, Naples and Their Environs], By Mariano Vasi and Antonio Nibby, page 105.</ref> It is a plain work of the early Renaissance style.<ref>{{cite book|first=Claudio|last=Rendina|title=La grande enciclopedia di Roma|publisher=Newton Compton|location=Rome|year=2000}}{{page number needed|date=October 2018}}</ref> |
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* Roaming tourists are prohibited to visit on Sundays when [[Catholic Mass]] is held at 8:00 AM. 10:00 AM. 12:00 PM. and 6:30 PM. |
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The ''Titulus S. Augustini'' has been held by Cardinal [[Jean-Pierre Ricard]] since 2006. Furthermore, it is the [[station church]] of the first Saturday in [[Lent]]. |
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==Artwork== |
==Artwork== |
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The 1606 painting ''[[Madonna di Loreto (Caravaggio)|Madonna of Loreto]]'' (also known as the Madonna of the Pilgrims) by [[Caravaggio]] is located in the first chapel on the left.<ref>John Varriano, ''Caravaggio: The Art of Realism'' (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2010), pp. 44-46. John T. Spike, ''Caravaggio: Catalogue of Paintings'' (New York-London: Abbeville Press, 2010), pp. 148-150.</ref> The heirs of Ermete Cavalletti (?-1602) bought the Pieta Chapel on 4 September 1603 and soon commissioned Caravaggio to paint the Madonna for their family's chapel. It was hung in 1606 at the altar in the Cavalletti Chapel (former Pieta Chapel) in place of a Pieta that was sold to [[Pope Paul V]] (formerly Cardinal Camillo Borghese). |
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[[File:Madonna dei Pellegrini (Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio) September 2015-1.jpg|thumb|upright|241px|''Madonna di Loreto'', by [[Caravaggio]]]] |
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A very prominent work of art presently in the church is the ''[[Madonna di Loreto (Caravaggio)|Madonna di Loreto]]'' in the Cavalletti Chapel (first chapel on the left), an important early [[Baroque art|Baroque]] painting by [[Caravaggio]].<ref>John Varriano, ''Caravaggio: The Art of Realism'' (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2010), pp. 44-46. John T. Spike, ''Caravaggio: Catalogue of Paintings'' (New York-London: Abbeville Press, 2010), pp. 148-150.</ref> |
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The |
The 1512 [[fresco]] ''[[The Prophet Isaiah (Raphael)|Prophet Isaiah]]'' by [[Raphael]] is located on the third pilaster of the left nave.<ref>Restored by [[Daniele da Volterra]], as quoted in [https://books.google.com/books?id=wrTZ12jz9LwC A Handbook of Rome] (1871), page 128.</ref> It was part of the funerary monumentofJohannes Goritz (1455–1527; also known as Janus Corycius). Isaiah holds a Hebrew scroll stating: "Open the doors, so that the people who believe may enter." (Isaiah 26:2–3) The statue ''Saint Anne and Virgin with Child'' (1512) by [[Andrea Sansovino]] is located below Raphael's ''Isaiah''. |
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The sculpture |
The 1521 sculpture ''Madonna del Parto'' (Our Lady of Childbirth) by [[Jacopo Sansovino]]is based, according to a legend, on an ancient statue of [[Agrippina the Younger|Agrippina]] holding [[Nero]] in her arms, is reputed by tradition to work miracles in childbirth. It is located in a niche to the right of the entrance and is surrounded by thank-offerings of flowers and candles. |
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The 1588 frescoes of ''St. John the Baptist'' and ''St. John the Evangelist'' by [[Avanzino Nucci]] are also here. |
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In 1616, the 17th-century Baroque artist [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] decorated the Buongiovanni Chapel (in the left transept) with three canvases and a ceiling fresco of the [[Assumption of Mary|Assumption]]. |
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The 1616 ceiling fresco ''Assumption of Mary'' and three paintings by [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] are located in the Buongiovanni Chapel (in the left transept). |
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The church also houses [[Melchiorre Caffà]]'s sculpture "St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms", completed by his mentor [[Ercole Ferrata]]. |
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The 1600s painting ''Saints Augustine, John the Evangelist and Jerome'' by [[Guercino]] is also here. |
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The sculpture ''St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms'' by [[Melchiorre Cafà]] and completed by his mentor [[Ercole Ferrata]] is located in the St. Thomas of Villanova Chapel (left end of transept). The etching ''[[Charity of St Thomas of Villanova]]'' by Cafà himself illustrates this same sculpture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charity of St Thomas of Villanova |url=https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/2063617/MAL_280_004 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=Europeana}}</ref> |
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The 1628 High Altar was designed by [[Orazio Turriani]]. It was previously (but erroneously) thought that [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] had designed it. |
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Its nave ceiling fresco was completed in 1868 by [[Pietro Gagliardi]]; who also made the 5 prophet pillar frescoes (including ''Ezekiel''), 6 Old Testament women & 12 scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. |
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<gallery> |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0989 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Cavalletti Chapel - Madonna of Loreto (the Pilgrims) (1606) by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610).jpg|Painting ''[[Madonna di Loreto (Caravaggio)|Madonna of Loreto]]'' (1606) by [[Caravaggio]] in the Cavalletti Chapel |
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File:Madonna dei Pellegrini (Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio) September 2015-1.jpg|Painting [[Madonna of Loreto]] (1606) by [[Caravaggio]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0977 - St. Augustine Basilica (1463) - Dome ceiling - Jesus Christ & the Twelve Apostles.jpg|Dome ceiling painting ''Jesus Christ & the Twelve Apostles'' |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0988 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Nave ceiling fresco (1868) by Pietro Gagliardi (1809-1890).jpg|upright=0.68|Nave ceiling fresco (1868) by [[Pietro Gagliardi]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0996 - St. Augustine Basilica (1492) - Ezekiel (1860s) by Pietro Gagliardi (1809-1890).jpg|Pillar fresco ''Ezekiel'' (1860s) by [[Pietro Gagliardi]] |
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File:S Agostino - al pilastro Isaia (Raffaello, da Volterra ecc) e sotto s Anna ecc (Sansovino) A100016.JPG|Pillar fresco ''[[The Prophet Isaiah (Raphael)|Prophet Isaiah]]'' (1512) by [[Raphael]] and statue ''Saint Anne and Virgin with Child'' (1512) by [[Andrea Sansovino]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0993 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Prophet Isaiah (1512) by Raphael (1483-1520).jpg|Pillar fresco ''[[The Prophet Isaiah (Raphael)|Prophet Isaiah]]'' (1512) by [[Raphael]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0975 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - High Altar (1628) designed by Orazio Turriani (1578-1657).jpg|upright=0.68|''High Altar'' (1628) by [[Orazio Turriani]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0994 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - John the Baptist (1588) by Avanzino Nucci (1552-1629).jpg|Fresco ''John the Baptist'' (1588) by [[Avanzino Nucci]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0995 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - John the Evangelist (1588) by Avanzino Nucci (1552-1629).jpg|upright=0.68|Fresco ''John the Evangelist'' (1588) by [[Avanzino Nucci]] |
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File:2022-05-06 Rome - 0997 - St. Augustine Basilica (1483) - Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) (1521) by Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570).jpg|Statue ''Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth)'' (1521) by [[Jacopo Sansovino]] |
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File:Sant'Agostino (Roma) – San Tommaso da Villanova, Melchiorre Cafà.jpg|Statue ''St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms'' (1600s) by [[Melchiorre Cafà]] |
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File:Incoronazione della Vergine con i santi Agostino e Guglielmo - Lanfrano.jpg|Painting ''Coronation of the Virgin with Saints Augustine and William'' (1619) by [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] |
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</gallery> |
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==Tombs== |
==Tombs== |
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[[Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha|St. Tryphon of Campsada]] died in AD 250 and is located under the High Altar. |
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The church contains the tomb of [[Monica of Hippo|Saint Monica]], mother of [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]], that of [[Fiammetta]], lover of [[Cesare Borgia]] and a famous [[courtesan]], and that of [[Olav Trondsson]], archbishop of Norway 1459 - 1473. His tombstone has the inscription "CVI DEDERAT SACRAM MERITO NORVEGIA SEDEM HIC TEGIT OLAVI FRIGIDVS OSSA LAPIS", meaning: "Here a cold stone covers the bones of Olav, to whom Norway rightly gave the holy chair."<ref>Fjellbu, A., et al. (eds.) (1955). ''Nidaros erkebispestol og bispesete 1153 - 1953''. Oslo, Land og kirke. Forcella, p. 15, no. 31.</ref> |
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[[Monica of Hippo|Saint Monica]] died in 387. Her tomb was transferred here from the Santa Aurea Church in Ostia Antica, Italy on 11 April 1424. Her sarcophagus was designed by Isaia da Pisa (1410–1464) in 1455, and is now located in the Chapel of Saint Monica (left of the apse). |
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Norways's Archbishop [[Olav Trondsson]] died on 25 November 1474. His tombstone reads: "CVI DEDERAT SACRAM MERITO NORVEGIA SEDEM HIC TEGIT OLAVI FRIGIDVS OSSA LAPIS" (Here a cold stone covers the bones of Olav, to whom Norway rightly gave the holy chair).<ref>Fjellbu, A., et al. (eds.) (1955). ''Nidaros erkebispestol og bispesete 1153 - 1953''. Oslo, Land og kirke. Forcella, p. 15, no. 31.</ref> |
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Cardinal [[Guillaume d'Estouteville]] died on 22 January 1483. |
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The inscriptions found in S. Agostino, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.<ref>V. Forcella, ''Inscrizioni delle chiese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI'' Volume V (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1875), pp. 1-112. [in Italian and Latin] </ref> |
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Cardinal [[Giuseppe Renato Imperiali]] died on 18 February 1737. [[Pietro Bracci]] designed and sculpted his polychrome tomb in 1741.<ref>Forcella, p. 103, no. 307.</ref> |
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The inscriptions found in the basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.<ref>V. Forcella, ''Inscrizioni delle chiese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI'' Volume V (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1875), pp. 1-112. [in Italian and Latin] </ref> |
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[[Guillaume d'Estouteville]] (c. 1412–1483), a leading bishop and cardinal, also is buried here. |
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==List of |
==List of Cardinal—Protectors== |
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[[Pope Sixtus V]] ( |
[[Pope Sixtus V]] (1585–1590) established the [[titular church]] of a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)#Cardinal priests|cardinal priest]] in April 1587.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[:Category:Burials at |
*[[:Category:Burials at Sant'Agostino, Rome]] |
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*[[History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes]] |
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*[[History of Italian Renaissance domes]] |
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*[[History of early modern period domes]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commons category|Sant'Agostino (Rome)}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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* P Antonino Ronci and D. Torre, ''S. Agostino in Campo Marzio, Roma'' (Roma: D. Torre, [1950?]). |
* P Antonino Ronci and D. Torre, ''S. Agostino in Campo Marzio, Roma'' (Roma: D. Torre, [1950?]). |
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==External links== |
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*{{cite book |first=M. |last=Lucentini |title=The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City|date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Interlink |isbn=9781623710088 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laMDAQAAQBAJ}} |
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{{commons-inline}} |
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{{Churches in the City of Rome}} |
{{Churches in the City of Rome}} |
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{{Sequence |
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{{Monuments of Rome}} |
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| prev = [[Sant'Agnese fuori le mura]] |
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| list = Landmarks of Rome |
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| curr = Sant'Agostino |
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| next = [[Sant'Anastasia al Palatino]] |
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[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1483]] |
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1483]] |
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[[Category:Basilica churches in Rome]] |
[[Category:Basilica churches in Rome]] |
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[[Category:Titular churches]] |
[[Category:Titular churches]] |
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[[Category:15th-century Roman Catholic church buildings]] |
[[Category:15th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy]] |
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[[Category:Renaissance architecture in Rome]] |
[[Category:Renaissance architecture in Rome]] |
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[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Rome]] |
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[[Category:Churches of Rome (rione Sant'Eustachio)]] |
[[Category:Churches of Rome (rione Sant'Eustachio)]] |
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[[Category:Order of St. Augustine]] |
[[Category:Order of St. Augustine]] |
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[[Category:Augustinian churches]] |
[[Category:Augustinian churches in Italy]] |
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[[Category:Luigi Vanvitelli buildings]] |
The Basilica of Saint Augustine of Hippo in Camp Martius | |
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41°54′3″N 12°28′27″E / 41.90083°N 12.47417°E / 41.90083; 12.47417 | |
Location | 80 Via della Scrofa (parish office), Rome |
Country | Italy |
Denomination | Catholic |
Religious institute | Order of Saint Augustine |
Website | www |
History | |
Status | Minor basilica |
Founder(s) | Pope Boniface VIII Guillaume d'Estouteville |
Dedication | Augustine of Hippo Tryphon |
Cult(s) present | Saint Augustine Saint Monica Madonna del Parto |
Relics held | Saint Monica Saint Tryphon |
Architecture | |
Functional status | Active |
Architect(s) | Giacomo di Pietrasanta Francesco Borromini Baccio Pontelli Luigi Vanvitelli Carlo Murena |
Style | Roman renaissance |
Administration | |
Diocese | Diocese of Rome |
Clergy | |
Cardinal protector | Jean-Pierre Ricard |
Priest in charge | Felice Perrino |
The Basilica of Saint Augustine in Camp Martius (Italian: Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio; Latin: Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Martio), commonly known as Basilica of Saint Augustine is a Roman Catholic minor basilicainRome. The titular church is dedicated to Saint Augustine of Hippo and serves as the motherhouse of the Augustinian Order.
First conceived in 1286, the current basilica (completed in 1483) is known for its Renaissance architecture style; housing artwork by Roman artisans Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, and Giovanni Francesco Barbieri. It is also the burial site of Saint Monica, the mother of Augustine.
Pope John Paul II raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via decree on 29 October 1999.
The former parish of Saint Tryphon in Posterula Church was built at this site in 700 A.D. and was originally dedicated to the martyr Saint Tryphon of Campsada. The Order of Saint Augustine was founded at the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome in 1244. The Augustinian friars soon desired to have their main monastery and church closer to Vatican City.[1] The Roman nobleman Egidio Lufredi donated land near here in Campo Marzio to the Augustinian friars in 1286. On 20 February 1287 Pope Honorius IV granted the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church to the Augustinian friars.
The first building structure was commissioned by Pope Boniface VIII, was built here by the Augustinian friars in 1296-1446 right next to the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church. The construction of the second (current) basilica began in 1479. It was commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV; designed by architect Baccio Pontelli (who also designed the Sistine Chapel); and funded by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville.[2] Its construction was completed in 1483. Giacomo di Pietrasanta (?-1495) built its façade by using travertine salvaged from the ruins of the Colosseum. Its façade reads the following:
Guillermus de Estoutevilla, Episcopus Ostiensis, Cardinalis Rothomagensis, Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ, Camerarius, Fecit MCCCCLXXXIII
English: William of Stateville, the Bishop of Ostia, Cardinal of Rouen of the Holy Roman Church, Camerlengo, built this in the Year 1483.
Its first restoration was completed in 1763 by Luigi Vanvitelli;[3] its second restoration was completed in 1870; and its most recent restoration occurred in 1998–2000.
The title of Sant'Agostino has been held by Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard since 2006. It is the station church of the first Saturday in Lent.
The basilica is open to the general public with some restrictions:
The 1606 painting Madonna of Loreto (also known as the Madonna of the Pilgrims) by Caravaggio is located in the first chapel on the left.[4] The heirs of Ermete Cavalletti (?-1602) bought the Pieta Chapel on 4 September 1603 and soon commissioned Caravaggio to paint the Madonna for their family's chapel. It was hung in 1606 at the altar in the Cavalletti Chapel (former Pieta Chapel) in place of a Pieta that was sold to Pope Paul V (formerly Cardinal Camillo Borghese).
The 1512 fresco Prophet IsaiahbyRaphael is located on the third pilaster of the left nave.[5] It was part of the funerary monument of Johannes Goritz (1455–1527; also known as Janus Corycius). Isaiah holds a Hebrew scroll stating: "Open the doors, so that the people who believe may enter." (Isaiah 26:2–3) The statue Saint Anne and Virgin with Child (1512) by Andrea Sansovino is located below Raphael's Isaiah.
The 1521 sculpture Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) by Jacopo Sansovino is based, according to a legend, on an ancient statue of Agrippina holding Nero in her arms, is reputed by tradition to work miracles in childbirth. It is located in a niche to the right of the entrance and is surrounded by thank-offerings of flowers and candles.
The 1588 frescoes of St. John the Baptist and St. John the EvangelistbyAvanzino Nucci are also here.
The 1616 ceiling fresco Assumption of Mary and three paintings by Giovanni Lanfranco are located in the Buongiovanni Chapel (in the left transept).
The 1600s painting Saints Augustine, John the Evangelist and JeromebyGuercino is also here.
The sculpture St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing AlmsbyMelchiorre Cafà and completed by his mentor Ercole Ferrata is located in the St. Thomas of Villanova Chapel (left end of transept). The etching Charity of St Thomas of Villanova by Cafà himself illustrates this same sculpture.[6]
The 1628 High Altar was designed by Orazio Turriani. It was previously (but erroneously) thought that Gian Lorenzo Bernini had designed it.
Its nave ceiling fresco was completed in 1868 by Pietro Gagliardi; who also made the 5 prophet pillar frescoes (including Ezekiel), 6 Old Testament women & 12 scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary.
St. Tryphon of Campsada died in AD 250 and is located under the High Altar.
Saint Monica died in 387. Her tomb was transferred here from the Santa Aurea Church in Ostia Antica, Italy on 11 April 1424. Her sarcophagus was designed by Isaia da Pisa (1410–1464) in 1455, and is now located in the Chapel of Saint Monica (left of the apse).
Norways's Archbishop Olav Trondsson died on 25 November 1474. His tombstone reads: "CVI DEDERAT SACRAM MERITO NORVEGIA SEDEM HIC TEGIT OLAVI FRIGIDVS OSSA LAPIS" (Here a cold stone covers the bones of Olav, to whom Norway rightly gave the holy chair).[7]
Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville died on 22 January 1483.
Cardinal Giuseppe Renato Imperiali died on 18 February 1737. Pietro Bracci designed and sculpted his polychrome tomb in 1741.[8]
The inscriptions found in the basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.[9]
Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) established the titular church of a cardinal priest in April 1587.[citation needed]
Media related to Sant'Agostino (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons
Preceded by Sant'Agnese fuori le mura |
Landmarks of Rome Sant'Agostino |
Succeeded by Sant'Anastasia al Palatino |
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41°54′03″N 12°28′27″E / 41.90083°N 12.47417°E / 41.90083; 12.47417