m Bot: HTTP→HTTPS
|
Fix link
|
||
(40 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|2016 American spaceflight to the ISS}} |
|||
{{redirect|CRS-8|the Orbital ATK CRS-8 mission|Cygnus CRS OA-8E}} |
|||
{{Use American English|date=March 2014}} |
{{Use American English|date=March 2014}} |
||
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}} |
||
Line 7: | Line 9: | ||
| insignia = SpaceX CRS-8 Patch.png |
| insignia = SpaceX CRS-8 Patch.png |
||
| insignia_caption = NASA SpX-8 mission patch |
| insignia_caption = NASA SpX-8 mission patch |
||
⚫ | |||
| mission_type = [[ |
| mission_type = [[Commercial Resupply Services|ISS resupply]] |
||
| operator = [[SpaceX |
| operator = [[SpaceX]] |
||
| COSPAR_ID = 2016-024A |
|||
⚫ | |||
| mission_duration = {{time interval|8 April 2016 20:43|11 May 2016 18:31|show=dhm|sep=,}} |
| mission_duration = {{time interval|8 April 2016 20:43|11 May 2016 18:31|show=dhm|sep=,}} |
||
| spacecraft = {{ComV|Dragon|110|full=nolink}} |
|||
| spacecraft_type = [[SpaceX Dragon|Dragon]] |
| spacecraft_type = [[SpaceX Dragon1|Dragon1]] |
||
| manufacturer = |
| manufacturer = SpaceX |
||
| |
| launch_date = {{start-date|April 8, 2016, 20:43}} [[UTC]] |
||
⚫ | | launch_rocket = [[Falcon 9 Full Thrust]] ([[List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters#B1021|B1021]])<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/30431-spacex-falcon-9-rocket-upgrades-next-launch.html |title=SpaceX Will Debut Upgraded Falcon 9 Rocket on Return to Flight Mission |work=Space.com |first=Jeff |last=Foust |date=September 6, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| launch_mass = |
|||
⚫ | | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40|SLC-40]] |
||
⚫ | |||
| launch_date = {{start-date|April 8, 2016, 20:43}} UTC |
|||
⚫ |
| launch_rocket = [[Falcon 9 |
||
⚫ |
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral |
||
⚫ | |||
| disposal_type = Recovered |
| disposal_type = Recovered |
||
| landing_date = {{end-date|May 11, 2016, 18:31}} UTC<ref name=pr-return>{{cite press release |url=http://www.spacex.com/news/2016/05/11/dragon-splashdown |title=Dragon Splashdown |publisher=SpaceX |date=May 11, 2016}}</ref> |
| landing_date = {{end-date|May 11, 2016, 18:31}} UTC<ref name=pr-return>{{cite press release |url=http://www.spacex.com/news/2016/05/11/dragon-splashdown |title=Dragon Splashdown |publisher=SpaceX |date=May 11, 2016}}</ref> |
||
| landing_site = Pacific Ocean<ref name=pr-return / |
| landing_site = [[Pacific Ocean]]<ref name=pr-return /> |
||
| orbit_epoch = May 10, 2016, 13:19:38 UTC |
| orbit_epoch = May 10, 2016, 13:19:38 UTC |
||
Line 33: | Line 30: | ||
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|405|km|mi|abbr=on}} |
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|405|km|mi|abbr=on}} |
||
| orbit_inclination = 51.64 degrees |
| orbit_inclination = 51.64 degrees |
||
| orbit_period = 92.63 |
| orbit_period = 92.63 minutes |
||
| apsis = gee |
|||
| docking = |
| docking = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock |
||
{{Infobox spaceflight/Dock |
|||
| docking_target = [[International Space Station|ISS]] |
| docking_target = [[International Space Station|ISS]] |
||
| docking_type = berth |
| docking_type = berth |
||
| docking_port = ''[[Harmony (ISS module)|Harmony]]'' nadir |
| docking_port = ''[[Harmony (ISS module)|Harmony]]'' nadir |
||
| capture_date = April 10, 2016, 11:23 UTC<ref name="nasasf20160511">{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/05/crs-8-dragon-iss-mission-splashdown-pacific/ |title=CRS-8 Dragon completes ISS mission, splashes down in Pacific |work=NASA Spaceflight |first=Chris |last=Gebhardt |date=May 11, 2016 | |
| capture_date = April 10, 2016, 11:23 UTC<ref name="nasasf20160511">{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/05/crs-8-dragon-iss-mission-splashdown-pacific/ |title=CRS-8 Dragon completes ISS mission, splashes down in Pacific |work=NASA Spaceflight |first=Chris |last=Gebhardt |date=May 11, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> |
||
| docking_date = April 10, 2016, 13:57 UTC<ref name="nasasf20160511" /> |
| docking_date = April 10, 2016, 13:57 UTC<ref name="nasasf20160511" /> |
||
| undocking_date = May 11, 2016, 11:00 UTC<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2016/05/page/13/|title=May 2016 – Page 13 – ISS On-Orbit Status Report|website=blogs.nasa.gov|date=May 11, 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> |
|||
| undocking_date = May 11, 2016 |
|||
| release_date = May 11, 2016, 13:19 UTC<ref name="nasasf20160511" /> |
| release_date = May 11, 2016, 13:19 UTC<ref name="nasasf20160511" /> |
||
| time_docked = |
| time_docked = 30 days, 21 hours, 3 minutes |
||
}} |
}} |
||
| payload_items = [[Bigelow Expandable Activity Module|BEAM]] |
|||
| cargo_mass = {{convert|3136|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |
| cargo_mass = {{convert|3136|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |
||
| cargo_mass_press = {{convert|1723|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |
| cargo_mass_press = {{convert|1723|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |
||
| cargo_mass_unpress = {{convert|1413|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |
| cargo_mass_unpress = {{convert|1413|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |
||
| cargo_mass_fuel = |
|||
⚫ | |||
| cargo_mass_gas = |
|||
| previous_mission = [[Cygnus OA-6|OA-6]]<!-- "Cygnus" is a qualifier used in the article's title for disambiguation and is not part of the official name --> |
|||
| cargo_mass_water = |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| next_mission = [[SpaceX CRS-9]] |
| next_mission = [[SpaceX CRS-9]] |
||
| programme2 = '''[[SpaceX Dragon 1#List of missions|Cargo Dragon]]''' |
|||
⚫ | |||
| next_mission2 = [[SpaceX CRS-9]] |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''SpaceX CRS-8''', also known as '''SpX-8''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/ISS-USOS-Program-Status-NAC-Public-July-2014.pdf |title=Status of the ISS USOS |publisher=NASA Advisory Council HEOMD Committee |first=Daniel W. |last=Hartman |date=July 2014 | |
'''SpaceX CRS-8''', also known as '''SpX-8''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/ISS-USOS-Program-Status-NAC-Public-July-2014.pdf |title=Status of the ISS USOS |publisher=NASA Advisory Council HEOMD Committee |first=Daniel W. |last=Hartman |date=July 2014 |access-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref> was a [[Commercial Resupply Services|Commercial Resupply Service mission]] to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS) which was launched on April 8, 2016, at 20:43 UTC. It was the [[List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2010-2019)#F9-023|23rd flight]] of a [[Falcon 9]] rocket, the tenth flight of a [[SpaceX Dragon|Dragon cargo spacecraft]] and the eighth operational mission contracted to [[SpaceX]] by [[NASA]] under the [[Commercial Resupply Services]] program.<ref name=nasa20130115>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/beam_feature.html |title=NASA to Test Bigelow Expandable Module on Space Station |publisher=NASA |date=January 16, 2013 |access-date=January 16, 2013}}</ref> The capsule carried over {{convert|3100|kg|lb|sp=us}} of cargo to the ISS including the [[Bigelow Expandable Activity Module]] (BEAM), a prototype [[inflatable space habitat]] delivered in the vehicle's trunk, which was attached to the station and, as of May 2022, is expected to remain so for five more full years of in-orbit viability tests.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/03/14/spacex_inflatable_bigelow_iss/ |title=SpaceX to deliver Bigelow blow-up job to ISS astronauts |work=[[The Register]] |last=Thomson |first=Iain |date=March 14, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> |
||
After boosting the payload on its [[orbital spaceflight|orbital]] trajectory, the rocket's first stage re-entered the [[Atmosphere of Earth# |
After boosting the payload on its [[orbital spaceflight|orbital]] trajectory, the rocket's first stage re-entered the [[Atmosphere of Earth#Stratification|denser layers of the atmosphere]] and landed vertically on the ocean landing platform ''[[Of Course I Still Love You]]'' nine minutes after liftoff, achieving a long-sought-after milestone in [[SpaceX reusable launch system development program]].<ref name=natgeo /> |
||
The recovered Falcon 9 first stage ( |
The recovered Falcon 9 first stage ([[Falcon 9 booster B1021|B1021]]) from this mission became the first one to be flown again, launching the [[SES-10]] satellite on March 30, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/30/15117096/spacex-launch-reusable-rocket-success-falcon-9-landing |title=SpaceX makes aerospace history with successful launch and landing of a used rocket |work=The Verge |first=Loren |last=Grush |date=March 30, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> |
||
==Launch schedule history== |
==Launch schedule history== |
||
[[File:CRS-8 liftoff (25709481274) (2).jpg|thumb|left|Falcon 9 lifting off from SLC-40 on April 8, 2016.]] |
[[File:CRS-8 liftoff (25709481274) (2).jpg|thumb|left|Falcon 9 lifting off from SLC-40 on April 8, 2016.]] |
||
The launch was initially scheduled by NASA to occur no earlier than September 2, 2015. The launch date went under review pending the outcome of the analysis of the failure of the [[Falcon 9]] launch vehicle in [[SpaceX CRS-7]], a June 2015 flight. The [[Falcon 9 Flight 20|return-to-flight]] (RTF) project included additional improvements.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/spacex-conducts-falcon-9-improvements-busy-schedule/ |title=SpaceX conducts additional Falcon 9 improvements ahead of busy schedule |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com|NASA Spaceflight]] |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=September 7, 2015 | |
The launch was initially scheduled by NASA to occur no earlier than September 2, 2015. The launch date went under review pending the outcome of the analysis of the failure of the [[Falcon 9]] launch vehicle in [[SpaceX CRS-7]], a June 2015 flight. The [[Falcon 9 Flight 20|return-to-flight]] (RTF) project included additional improvements.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/spacex-conducts-falcon-9-improvements-busy-schedule/ |title=SpaceX conducts additional Falcon 9 improvements ahead of busy schedule |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com|NASA Spaceflight]] |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=September 7, 2015 |access-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref> |
||
With additional manifest changes announced by SpaceX in mid-October, CRS-8 was scheduled to be the third launch of the upgraded [[Falcon 9 |
With additional manifest changes announced by SpaceX in mid-October, CRS-8 was scheduled to be the third launch of the upgraded [[Falcon 9 Full Thrust]] rocket.<ref name="sn20151016">{{cite news |url=http://spacenews.com/spacex-changes-its-falcon-9-return-to-flight-plans/ |title=SpaceX Changes its Falcon 9 Return-to-flight Plans |work=[[SpaceNews (publication)|SpaceNews]] |first=Peter B. |last=de Selding |date=October 16, 2015 |access-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref> By March 2016, the launch date was set to April 8, 2016, with a backup launch window the next day. |
||
The spacecraft was finally launched on schedule, at 20:43 UTC on April 8, 2016. The rocket first stage separated around 2 minutes 40 seconds after liftoff, and the second stage separated around ten minutes 30 seconds after liftoff. |
The spacecraft was finally launched on schedule, at 20:43 UTC on April 8, 2016. The rocket first stage separated around 2 minutes 40 seconds after liftoff, and the second stage separated around ten minutes 30 seconds after liftoff. |
||
Line 76: | Line 73: | ||
NASA has contracted for the CRS-8 mission from SpaceX and therefore determines the [[orbital elements|orbital parameters]] for the primary payload – the Dragon [[space capsule]]. |
NASA has contracted for the CRS-8 mission from SpaceX and therefore determines the [[orbital elements|orbital parameters]] for the primary payload – the Dragon [[space capsule]]. |
||
The mission delivered {{convert|3136|kg|lb|sp=us}} of supplies, experiments, and hardware to the ISS. These include the station's first expandable module, called the [[Bigelow Expandable Activity Module]] (BEAM), which is expected to remain on the station for at least |
The mission delivered {{convert|3136|kg|lb|sp=us}} of supplies, experiments, and hardware to the ISS. These include the station's first expandable module, called the [[Bigelow Expandable Activity Module]] (BEAM), which is expected to remain on the station for at least five more full years of observation and testing.<ref name=nasa20130115/><ref name="nasa20160318">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacex/2016/03/18/spacex-8-experiments-to-cover-habitat-drug-research/ |title=SpaceX-8 Experiments to Cover Habitat, Drug Research |publisher=NASA |first=Steven |last=Siceloff |date=March 18, 2016 |access-date=March 19, 2016}}</ref> Also delivered in the Dragon were sixteen [[Flock 2d]] [[CubeSat|3U CubeSats]] for the Earth-observing Flock constellation, built and operated by [[Planet Labs]], which will be deployed by the [[NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer]].<ref name="Flock CubeSats">{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/flock-1.htm |title=The Flock Earth observing constellation |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |last=Krebs |first=Gunter Dirk |date=January 16, 2016 |access-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> |
||
After splashdown, the mission returned more than {{convert|3700|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of cargo from the station back to Earth.<ref name="nasasf20160511" /> |
|||
==First stage landing== |
==First stage landing== |
||
{{main|Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests}} |
{{main|Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests}} |
||
[[File:CRS-8 (26239020092).jpg|thumb |
[[File:CRS-8 (26239020092).jpg|thumb|First stage of Falcon 9 Flight 23 landed on autonomous spaceport drone ship]] |
||
After placing the CRS-8 cargo on its way to the [[International Space Station]], the [[Falcon 9 booster B1021|first stage]] of the Falcon 9 rocket conducted an [[flight test|experimental]] boostback and re-entry maneuver over the Atlantic Ocean. Nine minutes after liftoff, at 20:52:10 UTC, the booster [[VTVL|landed vertically]] on the [[autonomous spaceport drone ship]] ''Of Course I Still Love You'', {{convert|300|km|mi|sp=us}} from the Florida coastline, achieving a long-sought-after milestone for the [[SpaceX reusable launch system development program]].<ref name=natgeo>{{cite news |url=http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/08/spacex-rocket-makes-spectacular-landing-on-drone-ship/ |title=SpaceX Rocket Makes Spectacular Landing on Drone Ship |work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |first=Nadia |last=Drake |date=April 8, 2016 | |
After placing the CRS-8 cargo on its way to the [[International Space Station]], the [[Falcon 9 booster B1021|first stage]] of the Falcon 9 rocket conducted an [[flight test|experimental]] boostback and re-entry maneuver over the Atlantic Ocean. Nine minutes after liftoff, at 20:52:10 UTC, the booster [[VTVL|landed vertically]] on the [[autonomous spaceport drone ship]] ''Of Course I Still Love You'', {{convert|300|km|mi|sp=us}} from the Florida coastline, achieving a long-sought-after milestone for the [[SpaceX reusable launch system development program]].<ref name=natgeo>{{cite news |url=http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/08/spacex-rocket-makes-spectacular-landing-on-drone-ship/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420062151/http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/08/spacex-rocket-makes-spectacular-landing-on-drone-ship/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 20, 2016 |title=SpaceX Rocket Makes Spectacular Landing on Drone Ship |work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |first=Nadia |last=Drake |author-link=Nadia Drake |date=April 8, 2016 |access-date=April 8, 2016 |quote=To space and back, in less than nine minutes? Hello, future.}}</ref> |
||
This was the second successful landing achieved by a SpaceX [[orbital spaceflight|orbital]] launch vehicle and the first vertical landing by any organization on a [[floating landing platform|floating platform]]. SpaceX first landed a [[Falcon 9 |
This was the second successful landing achieved by a SpaceX [[orbital spaceflight|orbital]] launch vehicle and the first vertical landing by any organization on a [[floating landing platform|floating platform]]. SpaceX first landed a [[Falcon 9 Full Thrust|Falcon 9]] on [[Landing Zone 1|solid ground]] at [[CCAFS|Cape Canaveral]] with [[Falcon 9 Flight 20|flight 20]] on December 22, 2015.<ref name="natgeo"/> |
||
===Port arrival=== |
===Port arrival=== |
||
The drone ship carried the stage to [[Port Canaveral]], [[Florida]], arriving on April 12, 2016 (UTC),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2016/04/11/port-awaits-return-spacex-rocket/82896330/ |title=SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket arrives at Port Canaveral |last=Dean |first=James |date=April 12, 2016 |website=Florida Today |access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> where it was offloaded. SpaceX plans to keep this first stage in Cape Canaveral and conduct a series of test fires to ensure that the vehicle is ready for a future operational mission.<ref name="nasasf20160412">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/04/falcon-9-first-stage-port-canaveral-asds-big-plans/ |title=Falcon 9 first stage sails into Port Canaveral atop ASDS – ahead of big plans |work=NASA Spaceflight |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=April 12, 2016 |access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> According to SpaceX CEO [[Elon Musk]], the rocket will likely be test-fired at [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39]].<ref name="sfnow20160412">{{Cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/04/12/spacexs-falcon-9-rocket-returns-to-port/ |title= |
The drone ship carried the stage to [[Port Canaveral]], [[Florida]], arriving on April 12, 2016 (UTC),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2016/04/11/port-awaits-return-spacex-rocket/82896330/ |title=SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket arrives at Port Canaveral |last=Dean |first=James |date=April 12, 2016 |website=Florida Today |access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> where it was offloaded. SpaceX plans to keep this first stage in Cape Canaveral and conduct a series of test fires to ensure that the vehicle is ready for a future operational mission.<ref name="nasasf20160412">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/04/falcon-9-first-stage-port-canaveral-asds-big-plans/ |title=Falcon 9 first stage sails into Port Canaveral atop ASDS – ahead of big plans |work=NASA Spaceflight |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=April 12, 2016 |access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> According to SpaceX CEO [[Elon Musk]], the rocket will likely be test-fired at [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39]].<ref name="sfnow20160412">{{Cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/04/12/spacexs-falcon-9-rocket-returns-to-port/ |title=SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket returns to port |work=Spaceflight Now |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=April 12, 2016 |access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> Musk noted that assuming the test fires went well, the stage would likely be reflown for a mission in June 2016.<ref name="sfnow20160412" /> |
||
===First stage reflight=== |
===First stage reflight=== |
||
<!-- as of mid-2016, there is no better Wikipedia article in which to record this information about this particular first stage. Up to this time, individual "[[launch vehicle]]s have not had Wikipedia articles on the launch vehicle separate from the launch, or even more generally, the overall "mission" that the payload was embarking on, as launch vehicles were totally or mostly destroyed after a single use during the first fifty years of humans developing spaceflight technology. This may change for SpaceX multi-flight first stages; but to this point, it has not; in part because no first stage of a launch vehicle has ever been reflown. It may one day be that first stage hulls would be sufficiently notable per [[WP:GNC]] to have their own article, as are many maritime ships and ground vehicles. --> |
<!-- as of mid-2016, there is no better Wikipedia article in which to record this information about this particular first stage. Up to this time, individual "[[launch vehicle]]s have not had Wikipedia articles on the launch vehicle separate from the launch, or even more generally, the overall "mission" that the payload was embarking on, as launch vehicles were totally or mostly destroyed after a single use during the first fifty years of humans developing spaceflight technology. This may change for SpaceX multi-flight first stages; but to this point, it has not; in part because no first stage of a launch vehicle has ever been reflown. It may one day be that first stage hulls would be sufficiently notable per [[WP:GNC]] to have their own article, as are many maritime ships and ground vehicles. --> |
||
The first stage of the CRS-8 launch was selected to be reflown first,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/nextspace/2016/08/30/ses-becomes-first-reusable-rocket-customer-spacex/ |title=SES Becomes First Reusable Rocket Customer for SpaceX |work=Via Satellite |first=Caleb |last=Henry |date=August 30, 2016}}</ref> in early 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=January 22, 2017 | |
The first stage of the CRS-8 launch was selected to be reflown first,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/nextspace/2016/08/30/ses-becomes-first-reusable-rocket-customer-spacex/ |title=SES Becomes First Reusable Rocket Customer for SpaceX |work=Via Satellite |first=Caleb |last=Henry |date=August 30, 2016}}</ref> in early 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=January 22, 2017 |access-date=January 23, 2017}}</ref><ref name="SES-10twitter">{{cite tweet |author=Peter B. de Selding |user=pbdes |number=791915233677758465 |title=CFO says SES-10 tentatively set for January launch on SpaceX Falcon 9. |date=October 28, 2016}}</ref> Additional tests were conducted prior to SpaceX certifying the stage's suitability for reuse on subsequent launch.<ref name=ars20160729>{{cite news |last=Berger |first=Eric |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/07/burn-baby-burn-spacex-test-fires-a-rocket-previously-flown-in-may/ |title=SpaceX takes another step toward reusability with 150-second engine test |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=July 29, 2016 |access-date=July 29, 2016}}</ref> On January 31, 2017, SpaceX posted a photo of a static fire test of this stage in Texas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/826598817864761344 |title=Prepping to fly again |work=Twitter.com |publisher=SpaceX |date=January 31, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> It was launched again on March 30, 2017, as part of Falcon 9 Flight 32 carrying the [[SES-10]] communications satellite. The stage was also recovered a second time after landing on the drone ship ''Of Course I Still Love You''.<ref name="nsf20170330">{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/03/spacex-historic-falcon-9-re-flight-ses-10/ |title=SpaceX conducts historic Falcon 9 re-flight with SES-10 – Lands booster again |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |first=William |last=Graham |date=March 30, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> |
||
As part of a multi-month multi-vehicle test process to reuse Falcon 9 boosters, another first stage — from flight 24 which carried [[JCSAT-14]] — was designated a "reference vehicle" for further testing, because it encountered "extreme temperatures during its [[Atmospheric reentry|reentry into Earth atmosphere]]" in May 2016 from a more energetic [[Geosynchronous transfer orbit|GTO]] trajectory. This booster underwent a series of tests, including a 150-second full-duration engine firing which was completed on July 28, 2016.<ref name="ars20160729" /> |
As part of a multi-month multi-vehicle test process to reuse Falcon 9 boosters, another first stage — from flight 24 which carried [[JCSAT-14]] — was designated a "reference vehicle" for further testing, because it encountered "extreme temperatures during its [[Atmospheric reentry|reentry into Earth atmosphere]]" in May 2016 from a more energetic [[Geosynchronous transfer orbit|GTO]] trajectory. This booster underwent a series of tests, including a 150-second full-duration engine firing which was completed on July 28, 2016.<ref name="ars20160729" /> |
||
== Gallery == |
|||
{{Gallery|CRS-8 (26309783565).jpg|CRS-8 on the pad|KSC-20160408-PH KLS0002 0044 (26248368171).jpg|Launch of CRS-8|CRS-8 first stage landing (25790039543).jpg|Falcon 9 lands on ''Of Course I Still Love You''|CRS-8 first stage landing (26326628031).jpg|Falcon 9 after landing|CRS-8 Dragon from ISS (ISS047E050792).jpg|Dragon seen from the ISS cupola|title=SpaceX CRS-8|align=center|footer=|style=text-align:center;|mode=packed|alt1=|alt2=|alt3=|alt4=|alt5=|alt6=|alt7=}} |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
⚫ | |||
* [[List of Falcon 9 launches]] |
* [[List of Falcon 9 launches]] |
||
Line 103: | Line 106: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{Commons category|SpaceX CRS-8}} |
{{Commons category|SpaceX CRS-8}} |
||
⚫ | |||
* [https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/spacex_crs-8_mission_overview.pdf CRS-8 Mission Overview] at NASA.gov |
* [https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/spacex_crs-8_mission_overview.pdf CRS-8 Mission Overview] at NASA.gov |
||
* [http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/spacex_crs8_press_kit.pdf CRS-8 Press Kit] at SpaceX.com |
* [http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/spacex_crs8_press_kit.pdf CRS-8 Press Kit] at SpaceX.com |
||
Line 109: | Line 111: | ||
{{Dragon spaceflights}} |
{{Dragon spaceflights}} |
||
{{Falcon rocket launches}} |
{{Falcon rocket launches}} |
||
{{ |
{{Uncrewed ISS flights}} |
||
{{Orbital launches in 2016}} |
{{Orbital launches in 2016}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:CRS 008}} |
|||
[[Category: |
[[Category:SpaceX Dragon]] |
||
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2016]] |
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2016]] |
||
[[Category:SpaceX payloads contracted by NASA|CRS-08]] |
|||
⚫ | [[Category:Supply vehicles for the International Space Station]] |
||
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2016]] |
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2016]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:SpaceX payloads contracted by NASA]] |
||
⚫ | [[Category:Supply vehicles for the International Space Station]] |
Names | SpX-8 |
---|---|
Mission type | ISS resupply |
Operator | SpaceX |
COSPAR ID | 2016-024A |
SATCAT no. | 41452 |
Mission duration | 32 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Dragon 1 C110 |
Spacecraft type | Dragon 1 |
Manufacturer | SpaceX |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | April 8, 2016, 20:43 (2016-04-08UTC20:43) UTC |
Rocket | Falcon 9 Full Thrust (B1021)[1] |
Launch site | Cape Canaveral, SLC-40 |
Contractor | SpaceX |
End of mission | |
Disposal | Recovered |
Landing date | May 11, 2016, 18:31 (2016-05-11UTC18:32) UTC[2] |
Landing site | Pacific Ocean[2] |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Periapsis altitude | 402 km (250 mi) |
Apoapsis altitude | 405 km (252 mi) |
Inclination | 51.64 degrees |
Period | 92.63 minutes |
Epoch | May 10, 2016, 13:19:38 UTC |
Berthing at ISS | |
Berthing port | Harmony nadir |
RMS capture | April 10, 2016, 11:23 UTC[3] |
Berthing date | April 10, 2016, 13:57 UTC[3] |
Unberthing date | May 11, 2016, 11:00 UTC[4] |
RMS release | May 11, 2016, 13:19 UTC[3] |
Time berthed | 30 days, 21 hours, 3 minutes |
Cargo | |
Mass | 3,136 kg (6,914 lb) |
Pressurised | 1,723 kg (3,799 lb) |
Unpressurised | 1,413 kg (3,115 lb) |
NASA SpX-8 mission patch
← OA-6 |
SpaceX CRS-8, also known as SpX-8,[5] was a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) which was launched on April 8, 2016, at 20:43 UTC. It was the 23rd flight of a Falcon 9 rocket, the tenth flight of a Dragon cargo spacecraft and the eighth operational mission contracted to SpaceXbyNASA under the Commercial Resupply Services program.[6] The capsule carried over 3,100 kilograms (6,800 lb) of cargo to the ISS including the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM), a prototype inflatable space habitat delivered in the vehicle's trunk, which was attached to the station and, as of May 2022, is expected to remain so for five more full years of in-orbit viability tests.[7]
After boosting the payload on its orbital trajectory, the rocket's first stage re-entered the denser layers of the atmosphere and landed vertically on the ocean landing platform Of Course I Still Love You nine minutes after liftoff, achieving a long-sought-after milestone in SpaceX reusable launch system development program.[8]
The recovered Falcon 9 first stage (B1021) from this mission became the first one to be flown again, launching the SES-10 satellite on March 30, 2017.[9]
The launch was initially scheduled by NASA to occur no earlier than September 2, 2015. The launch date went under review pending the outcome of the analysis of the failure of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle in SpaceX CRS-7, a June 2015 flight. The return-to-flight (RTF) project included additional improvements.[10]
With additional manifest changes announced by SpaceX in mid-October, CRS-8 was scheduled to be the third launch of the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket.[11] By March 2016, the launch date was set to April 8, 2016, with a backup launch window the next day.
The spacecraft was finally launched on schedule, at 20:43 UTC on April 8, 2016. The rocket first stage separated around 2 minutes 40 seconds after liftoff, and the second stage separated around ten minutes 30 seconds after liftoff.
NASA has contracted for the CRS-8 mission from SpaceX and therefore determines the orbital parameters for the primary payload – the Dragon space capsule.
The mission delivered 3,136 kilograms (6,914 lb) of supplies, experiments, and hardware to the ISS. These include the station's first expandable module, called the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM), which is expected to remain on the station for at least five more full years of observation and testing.[6][12] Also delivered in the Dragon were sixteen Flock 2d 3U CubeSats for the Earth-observing Flock constellation, built and operated by Planet Labs, which will be deployed by the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer.[13]
After splashdown, the mission returned more than 3,700 lb (1,700 kg) of cargo from the station back to Earth.[3]
After placing the CRS-8 cargo on its way to the International Space Station, the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket conducted an experimental boostback and re-entry maneuver over the Atlantic Ocean. Nine minutes after liftoff, at 20:52:10 UTC, the booster landed vertically on the autonomous spaceport drone ship Of Course I Still Love You, 300 kilometers (190 mi) from the Florida coastline, achieving a long-sought-after milestone for the SpaceX reusable launch system development program.[8]
This was the second successful landing achieved by a SpaceX orbital launch vehicle and the first vertical landing by any organization on a floating platform. SpaceX first landed a Falcon 9onsolid groundatCape Canaveral with flight 20 on December 22, 2015.[8]
The drone ship carried the stage to Port Canaveral, Florida, arriving on April 12, 2016 (UTC),[14] where it was offloaded. SpaceX plans to keep this first stage in Cape Canaveral and conduct a series of test fires to ensure that the vehicle is ready for a future operational mission.[15] According to SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, the rocket will likely be test-fired at Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39.[16] Musk noted that assuming the test fires went well, the stage would likely be reflown for a mission in June 2016.[16]
The first stage of the CRS-8 launch was selected to be reflown first,[17] in early 2017.[18][19] Additional tests were conducted prior to SpaceX certifying the stage's suitability for reuse on subsequent launch.[20] On January 31, 2017, SpaceX posted a photo of a static fire test of this stage in Texas.[21] It was launched again on March 30, 2017, as part of Falcon 9 Flight 32 carrying the SES-10 communications satellite. The stage was also recovered a second time after landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You.[22]
As part of a multi-month multi-vehicle test process to reuse Falcon 9 boosters, another first stage — from flight 24 which carried JCSAT-14 — was designated a "reference vehicle" for further testing, because it encountered "extreme temperatures during its reentry into Earth atmosphere" in May 2016 from a more energetic GTO trajectory. This booster underwent a series of tests, including a 150-second full-duration engine firing which was completed on July 28, 2016.[20]
SpaceX CRS-8
To space and back, in less than nine minutes? Hello, future.
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
Spacecraft |
| ||||||
Hardware |
| ||||||
Missions |
| ||||||
|
SpaceX missions and payloads
| |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Launch vehicles |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Falcon 1 missions |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Falcon 9 missions |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Falcon Heavy missions |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Starship missions |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||
---|---|---|
| ||
2000–2004 |
| |
2005–2009 |
| |
2010–2014 |
| |
2015–2019 |
| |
2020–2024 |
| |
Future |
| |
Spacecraft |
| |
|
| |
---|---|
January |
|
February |
|
March |
|
April |
|
May |
|
June |
|
July |
|
August |
|
September |
|
October |
|
November |
|
December |
|
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). |