SpaceX Crew-5 was the fifth operational NASA Commercial Crew Program flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft, and the eighth overall crewed orbital flight. The mission was successfully launched on 5 October 2022 with the aim of transporting four crew members to the International Space Station (ISS). The Crew Dragon spacecraft docked at the ISS on 6 October 2022 at 21:01 UTC.
The crew for this mission comprised two NASA astronauts, one JAXA astronaut, and one Russian cosmonaut. Three of the crew members were assigned to this mission due to delays in Boeing's Starliner program. Commander Nicole Mann was reassigned from Boeing's Boe-CFT mission, while Pilot Josh Cassada and Mission Specialist Koichi Wakata transferred from Boeing Starliner-1.[5][6]Anna Kikina was reassigned from Soyuz MS-22.
Among the crew members, three were embarking on their first spaceflight, while Mission Specialist Koichi Wakata was a veteran of four previous space flights.
This mission marked a significant milestone as it was the first time a Russian cosmonaut, Anna Kikina, flew aboard a Crew Dragon spacecraft. In July 2022, Kikina was selected to participate in the mission as part of the Soyuz-Dragon crew swap system. This system ensures that each crew rotation mission includes at least one NASA astronaut and one Roscosmos cosmonaut, allowing both countries to maintain a presence on the International Space Station (ISS) and the ability to sustain their respective systems in case one of the vehicles, either Soyuz or commercial crew, is grounded for an extended period.[7]
Including Kikina in the Crew Dragon mission ensured that both NASA and Roscosmos continued to have representation on the ISS. Additionally, this mission marked the first instance since STS-113, when Nikolai Budarin flew, that a Russian cosmonaut flew on a U.S. spacecraft. It also represented the first launch of a Russian cosmonaut aboard a U.S. space capsule.[2]
The Russian authorities approved the seat exchange between the American and Russian astronauts in June 2022, allowing for this historic collaboration between the two space agencies.[8]
A micro-meteorite punctured a 0.8 mm diameter (0.031 in) hole in the radiator of Soyuz MS-22,[9] raising doubts over its safety. As a result, it was replaced with Soyuz MS-23, launched uncrewed on 24 February 2023.[10][11]
Until the replacement MS-23 docked to ISS, SpaceX Crew-5 was considered among the options to return the MS-22 crew in case of emergency. SpaceX originally designed Crew Dragon to host a crew of seven at a time. The International Space Station mission management team decided to move NASA astronaut Francisco Rubio's Soyuz seat liner from the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft to Dragon Endurance to provide lifeboat capabilities in the event Rubio needed to return to Earth because of an emergency evacuation from the space station. The seat liner was moved on 17 January 2023, with installation and configuration continuing the following day. Seat liners have been swapped between two Soyuz, but this was the first time for Soyuz to Crew Dragon. The change allowed for increased crew protection by reducing the heat load inside the MS-22 spacecraft for cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitry Petelin in the event of an emergency return to Earth. The SpaceX Crew-6 space capsule is designed to bring back crew serving as an emergency evacuation option after Crew-5.[12]
As MS-23 arrived at the space station on 26 February, Rubio's seat liner was transferred to the new Soyuz on 6 March, and the seat liners for Prokopyev and Petelin were moved from MS-22 to MS-23 on 2 March ahead of their return in the Soyuz.[13]
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
Nicole Aunapu Mann, NASA
Koichi Wakata, JAXA
Anna Kikina, Roscosmos
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