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{{Short description|Government |
{{Short description|Agency of the Government of Canada}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}} |
{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}} |
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{{Infobox government agency |
{{Infobox government agency |
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| nativename_r = |
| nativename_r = |
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| logo = Transportation_Safety_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg |
| logo = Transportation_Safety_Board_of_Canada_logo.svg |
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| logo_width = 300 |
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| logo_caption = TSB-BST logo |
| logo_caption = TSB-BST logo |
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| seal = |
| seal = |
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| employees = 220 |
| employees = 220 |
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| budget = |
| budget = |
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| minister1_name = [[ |
| minister1_name = [[Hon.]] [[Pablo Rodriguez]] |
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| minister1_pfo = [[ |
| minister1_pfo = [[MinisterofTransport (Canada)|Minister of Transport]] |
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| chief1_name = [[Kathleen Fox (aviator)|Kathleen Fox]] |
| chief1_name = [[Kathleen Fox (aviator)|Kathleen Fox]] |
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| chief1_position = Chair |
| chief1_position = Chair |
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Prior to 1990, [[Transport Canada]]'s '''Aircraft Accident Investigation Branch''' (1960–1984) and its successor the ''' Canadian Aviation Safety Board''' or CASB (1984–1990) were responsible for investigation of air incidents.<ref name="wingsmagazine.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.wingsmagazine.com/content/view/3377/60/ |title=Air Accident Investigation: The TSB's evolving commitment to worldwide safety |first=Chris |last=Krepski |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011151410/https://www.wingsmagazine.com/content/view/3377/60/ |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |publisher=Annex Publishing & Printing |work=Wings Magazine}}</ref> Before 1990, investigations and actions were taken by Transport Canada and even after 1984 the findings from CASB were not binding for Transport Canada to respond to.<ref name="wingsmagazine.com"/> |
Prior to 1990, [[Transport Canada]]'s '''Aircraft Accident Investigation Branch''' (1960–1984) and its successor the ''' Canadian Aviation Safety Board''' or CASB (1984–1990) were responsible for investigation of air incidents.<ref name="wingsmagazine.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.wingsmagazine.com/content/view/3377/60/ |title=Air Accident Investigation: The TSB's evolving commitment to worldwide safety |first=Chris |last=Krepski |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011151410/https://www.wingsmagazine.com/content/view/3377/60/ |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |publisher=Annex Publishing & Printing |work=Wings Magazine}}</ref> Before 1990, investigations and actions were taken by Transport Canada and even after 1984 the findings from CASB were not binding for Transport Canada to respond to.<ref name="wingsmagazine.com"/> |
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The TSB was created under the ''Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act'', which was enacted on March 29, 1990. It was formed in response to a number of high-profile accidents, following which the Government of Canada identified the need for an independent, multi-modal investigation agency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) - SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Transportation_Safety_Board_of_Canada_(TSB)|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.skybrary.aero|date=9 June 2021}}</ref> The headquarters are located in Place du Centre in Gatineau, Quebec. |
The TSB was created under the ''Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act'', which was enacted on March 29, 1990. It was formed in response to a number of high-profile accidents, following which the Government of Canada identified the need for an independent, multi-modal investigation agency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) - SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Transportation_Safety_Board_of_Canada_(TSB)|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.skybrary.aero|date=9 June 2021}}</ref> The headquarters are located in Place du Centre in Gatineau, Quebec.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |
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The provisions of the ''Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act'' were written to establish an independent relationship between the agency and the Government of Canada. |
The provisions of the ''Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act'' were written to establish an independent relationship between the agency and the Government of Canada. |
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This agency's first major test came with the crash of [[Swissair Flight 111]] on September 2, 1998, the largest single aviation accident on Canadian territory since the 1985 crash of [[Arrow Air Flight |
This agency's first major test came with the crash of [[Swissair Flight 111]] on September 2, 1998, the largest single aviation accident on Canadian territory since the 1985 crash of [[Arrow Air Flight 1285]]. The TSB delivered its report on the accident on March 27, 2003, some 4½ years after the accident and at a cost of $57 million, making it the most complex and costly accident investigation in Canadian history to that date.<ref name="A98H0003 Final Report">{{Cite web|date=27 March 2003|title=Aviation Investigation Report, In-Flight Fire Leading to Collision with Water, Swissair Transport Limited McDonnell Douglas MD-11 HB-IWF Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia 5 nm SW 2 September 1998|url=http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/1998/a98h0003/a98h0003.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017094917/http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/1998/a98h0003/a98h0003.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2013|access-date=16 January 2016|publisher=Transportation Safety Board of Canada}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=October 2020}} |
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From 2005 to 2010, the TSB concluded a number of investigations into high-profile accidents, including: |
From 2005 to 2010, the TSB concluded a number of investigations into high-profile accidents, including: |
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* the sinking of ''[[Concordia (ship)|Concordia]]''. |
* the sinking of ''[[Concordia (ship)|Concordia]]''. |
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To increase the uptake of its recommendations and address accident patterns, the TSB launched its Watchlist in 2010, which points to nine critical safety issues troubling |
To increase the uptake of its recommendations and address accident patterns, the TSB launched its Watchlist in 2010, which points to nine critical safety issues troubling Canada’s transportation system.<ref>{{cite web |title=Watchlist 2018 Transportation Safety Board of Canada |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/surveillance-watchlist/index.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=27 September 1995 |publisher=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> |
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On 3 December 2013, in the wake of the [[Lac-Mégantic rail disaster]] the previous July, it was reported that the number of runaway trains was triple the number documented by the TSB.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/runaway-trains-almost-triple-reported-rate-cbc-finds-1.2448494 |title=Runaway trains almost triple reported rate, CBC finds |date=December 3, 2013 |first=Dave |last=Seglins |publisher=[[CBC News]]|access-date=March 13, 2020}}</ref> |
On 3 December 2013, in the wake of the [[Lac-Mégantic rail disaster]] the previous July, it was reported that the number of runaway trains was triple the number documented by the TSB.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/runaway-trains-almost-triple-reported-rate-cbc-finds-1.2448494 |title=Runaway trains almost triple reported rate, CBC finds |date=December 3, 2013 |first=Dave |last=Seglins |publisher=[[CBC News]]|access-date=March 13, 2020}}</ref> |
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On February 4, 2019, the TSB deployed to the derailment of [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CP) train 301-349. Ninety-nine cars and two locomotives derailed at Mile 130.6 of the CP Laggan Subdivision, near Field, British Columbia (BC) while proceeding westward to Vancouver, BC. The three train crewmembers – a locomotive engineer, a conductor, and a conductor trainee – died as a result. |
On February 4, 2019, the TSB deployed to the derailment of [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CP) train 301-349. Ninety-nine cars and two locomotives derailed at Mile 130.6 of the CP Laggan Subdivision, near Field, British Columbia (BC) while proceeding westward to Vancouver, BC. The three train crewmembers – a locomotive engineer, a conductor, and a conductor trainee – died as a result. |
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During the course of its investigation into the derailment,<ref>{{cite web |title=Rail transportation safety investigation R19C0015 |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/enquetes-investigations/rail/2019/r19c0015/r19c0015.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=5 February 2019 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> the organization issued two safety advisories on April 11, 2019 to Transport Canada . The first called attention to the need for effective safety procedures to be applied to all trains stopped in emergency on both |
During the course of its investigation into the derailment,<ref>{{cite web |title=Rail transportation safety investigation R19C0015 |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/enquetes-investigations/rail/2019/r19c0015/r19c0015.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=5 February 2019 |publisher=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> the organization issued two safety advisories on April 11, 2019 to Transport Canada . The first called attention to the need for effective safety procedures to be applied to all trains stopped in emergency on both “heavy grades” and “mountain grades”<ref>{{cite web |title=TSB Rail Safety Advisory 617-04/19 |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/securite-safety/rail/2019/r19c0015/r19c0015-617-04-19-20190411.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=11 April 2019 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> and the second highlighted the need to review the efficacy of the inspection and maintenance procedures for grain hopper cars used in CP's unit grain train operations (and for other railways as applicable), and ensure that these cars can be operated safely at all times.<ref>{{cite web |title=TSB Rail Safety Advisory 617-05/19 |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/securite-safety/rail/2019/r19c0015/r19c0015-617-05-19-20190411.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=11 April 2019 |publisher=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> |
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In January 2020, the Senior Investigator was reassigned in order to protect the integrity and objectivity of the investigation after voicing an opinion implying civil or criminal liability. The TSB labelled the comments made to ''[[The Fifth Estate (TV program)|The Fifth Estate]]'' journalists as "completely inappropriate" as the mandate of the TSB is to make findings as to causes and contributing factors of a transportation occurrence, but not to assign fault or determine civil or criminal liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=TSB statement concerning CBC report related to TSB investigator comments about the Canadian Pacific freight train accident near Field, BC, in February 2019 |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/medias-media/decl-stat/2020/20200128.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=28 January 2020 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> The CBC documentary pointed out what seemed to be a problem, where the private police service of CP Rail investigated the accident. A [[Canadian Pacific Police Service|CPPS]] officer was also resigned over these circumstances.<ref name="tsbdemotes">{{cite news |title=Rail disaster video surfaces on anniversary of CP crash amid controversy over police probe |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/video-derailment-canadian-pacific-railway-field-1.5449758 |publisher=CBC |date=4 February 2020}}</ref> As of June 2020, the investigation is ongoing. |
In January 2020, the Senior Investigator was reassigned in order to protect the integrity and objectivity of the investigation after voicing an opinion implying civil or criminal liability. The TSB labelled the comments made to ''[[The Fifth Estate (TV program)|The Fifth Estate]]'' journalists as "completely inappropriate" as the mandate of the TSB is to make findings as to causes and contributing factors of a transportation occurrence, but not to assign fault or determine civil or criminal liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=TSB statement concerning CBC report related to TSB investigator comments about the Canadian Pacific freight train accident near Field, BC, in February 2019 |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/medias-media/decl-stat/2020/20200128.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=28 January 2020 |publisher=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> The CBC documentary pointed out what seemed to be a problem, where the private police service of CP Rail investigated the accident. A [[Canadian Pacific Police Service|CPPS]] officer was also resigned over these circumstances.<ref name="tsbdemotes">{{cite news |title=Rail disaster video surfaces on anniversary of CP crash amid controversy over police probe |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/video-derailment-canadian-pacific-railway-field-1.5449758 |publisher=CBC |date=4 February 2020}}</ref> As of June 2020, the investigation is ongoing. |
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==Mandate and direction== |
==Mandate and direction== |
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The Transportation Safety Board's mandate<ref>{{cite web |title=About the TSB |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/qui-about/index.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=10 January 2006 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> is to |
The Transportation Safety Board's mandate<ref>{{cite web |title=About the TSB |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/qui-about/index.html |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |date=10 January 2006 |publisher=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> is to |
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* conduct independent investigations, including public inquiries when necessary, into selected transportation occurrences in order to make findings as to their causes and contributing factors; |
* conduct independent investigations, including public inquiries when necessary, into selected transportation occurrences in order to make findings as to their causes and contributing factors; |
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* identify [[safety]] deficiencies, as evidenced by transportation occurrences; |
* identify [[safety]] deficiencies, as evidenced by transportation occurrences; |
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Provincial and territorial governments may call upon the TSB to investigate occurrences. However, it is up to the TSB whether or not to proceed with an investigation. Public reports are published following class one, class two, class three and class four investigations. Recommendations made by the TSB are not legally binding upon the Government of Canada, nor any of its Ministers of departments. However, when a recommendation is made to a federal department, a formal response must be presented to the TSB within 90 days.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |
Provincial and territorial governments may call upon the TSB to investigate occurrences. However, it is up to the TSB whether or not to proceed with an investigation. Public reports are published following class one, class two, class three and class four investigations. Recommendations made by the TSB are not legally binding upon the Government of Canada, nor any of its Ministers of departments. However, when a recommendation is made to a federal department, a formal response must be presented to the TSB within 90 days.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |
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The TSB reports to the [[Parliament of Canada]] through the [[President of the |
The TSB reports to the [[Parliament of Canada]] through the [[President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]].{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} |
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==Board membership== |
==Board membership== |
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As of |
As of February 2020, the Board was composed of the following five members:<ref name="tsboard">{{cite web |title=Home About the TSB The Board |url=https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/qui-about/bureau-board.html |website=tsb.gc.ca |date=10 January 2006 |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref> |
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* Chair [[Kathleen Fox (aviator)|Kathy Fox]] |
* Chair [[Kathleen Fox (aviator)|Kathy Fox]] |
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* Faye Ackermans |
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* Ken Potter |
* Ken Potter |
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* Joseph Hincke |
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* Paul Dittmann |
* Paul Dittmann |
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* Yoan Marier |
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* Leo Donatti |
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==Facilities== |
==Facilities== |
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* John W. Stants 1990–1996 |
* John W. Stants 1990–1996 |
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* [[Benoît Bouchard]] 1996–2001 |
* [[Benoît Bouchard]] 1996–2001 |
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* [[Camille Thériault]] 2001–2002 |
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* Charles H. Simpson 2001–2002 (acting) <ref>{{cite web |title=Board Members |url=http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/ |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020125093700/http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/ |archive-date=25 January 2002}}</ref> |
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* Charles H. Simpson 2002–2005 (acting) |
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* [[Camille Thériault]] 2002–2004 <ref>{{cite web |title=Board Members |url=http://www.tsb.gc.ca/en/common/board_members.asp |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021008234930/http://www.tsb.gc.ca/en/common/board_members.asp |archive-date=8 October 2002}}</ref> |
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* Charles H. Simpson 2004–2005 (acting) <ref>{{cite web |title=Board Members |url=http://www.tsb.gc.ca/en/common/board_members.asp |website=Transportation Safety Board of Canada |access-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040825034615/http://www.tsb.gc.ca/en/common/board_members.asp |archive-date=25 August 2004}}</ref> |
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* [[Wendy A. Tadros]] 2005–2006 (acting) |
* [[Wendy A. Tadros]] 2005–2006 (acting) |
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* Wendy A. Tadros 2006–2014 |
* Wendy A. Tadros 2006–2014 |
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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