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{{About|activities after a hurricane| |
{{About|activities after a hurricane|activities prior to a hurricane|Hurricane preparedness}} |
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{{Tropicalcyclone}} |
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'''Hurricane response''' is the [[disaster response]] after a [[hurricane]]. |
'''Hurricane response''' is the [[disaster response]] after a [[Tropical cyclone|hurricane]]. This response encompasses assessment and repairs to buildings and infrastructure, removal of debris, and providing public health services. Hurricane responders may be exposed to many hazards such as chemical and biological contaminants, and injuries from work activities. |
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== Activities == |
== Activities == |
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[[File:Alaska and California National Guard (29720699137).jpg|thumb|Personnel and equipment from the [[National Guard of the United States]] en route to [[Hurricane Florence]] response efforts in 2018|alt=Photograph of the inside of a cargo jet, containing people in military field uniforms, equipment, and trucks]] |
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Activities performed by hurricane responders include assessment, restoration, and demolition of buildings; removal of [[debris]] and waste; repairs to land-based and maritime [[infrastructure]]; and public health services including [[search and rescue]] operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hurricane/sheets.html|title=OSHA's Hazard Exposure and Risk Assessment Matrix for Hurricane Response and Recovery Work: List of Activity Sheets |
Activities performed by hurricane responders include assessment, restoration, and demolition of buildings; removal of [[debris]] and waste; repairs to land-based and maritime [[infrastructure]]; and providing public health services including [[search and rescue]] operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hurricane/sheets.html|title=OSHA's Hazard Exposure and Risk Assessment Matrix for Hurricane Response and Recovery Work: List of Activity Sheets|date=2005|website=U.S. [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]]|language=EN-US|access-date=2018-09-25}}</ref> Maritime response activities include checking for submerged obstructions and updating nautical charts for affected port areas; aerial survey missions to assess damages to affected areas to provide information for emergency responders; identification and survey of vessels or containers that may be leaking hazardous materials; and assessment of environmental impacts of contaminants in coastal and estuarine waters, including the health risk of eating fish and shellfish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/hurricanes/|title=Hurricanes|website=U.S. [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|language=EN-US|access-date=2018-09-25}}</ref> |
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Hurricane response requires coordination between federal, tribal, state, local, and private entities. An [[Incident Command System]] is used in the United States to coordinate activities between entities involved in disaster response.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiha.org/ |
Hurricane response requires coordination between federal, tribal, state, local, and private entities. An [[Incident Command System]] is used in the United States to coordinate activities between entities involved in disaster response.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiha.org/public-resources/consumer-resources/disaster-response-resource-center/health-and-safety-issues-in-natural-disasters/hurricane-recovery-hazards|title=Hurricane Recovery: Hazards|website=American Industrial Hygiene Association|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> According to the [[National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster]], potential response volunteers should affiliate with established organizations and should not self-deploy, so that proper training and support can be provided to mitigate the danger and stress of response work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nvoad.org/howtohelp/volunteer-3/|title=Volunteer|website=[[National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-25}}</ref> |
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== Health and safety hazards == |
== Health and safety hazards == |
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[[File:180916-G-CZ043-1163 (44060416364).jpg|thumb|Hurricane response involves working in hazardous conditions, including contamination and electrocution hazards from floodwater.|alt=A photograph of two men walking on a flooded street towards a group of men in rafts in the background]] |
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⚫ | Hurricane responders may be exposed to chemical and biological contaminants. These include [[sewage]] and stored industrial or household chemicals, [[Corpse|human remains]], and [[Indoor mold|mold]] growth encouraged by flooding.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Proper [[personal protective equipment]], possibly including [[Respirator|respirators]], can help mitigate these hazards. In addition, [[Fire ant|fire ants]] are often disturbed during hurricanes and can float along in floodwaters, leading to the hazards of bites and stings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/pdfs/NIOSH-Emergency-Responder-Key-Messages.pdf|title=Hurricane Key Messages for Employers, Workers and Volunteers|date=2017|website=U.S. [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]]|access-date=2018-09-24}}</ref> [[Asbestos]] and [[lead]] may be present in older buildings,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hurricane/recommendations.html#encounter|title=OSHA's Hazard Exposure and Risk Assessment Matrix for Hurricane Response and Recovery Work: Recommendations for General Hazards Commonly Encountered during Hurricane Response and Recovery Operations|date=2005|website=U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration|language=EN-US|access-date=2018-09-25}}</ref> and [[radon]] may be a concern in some areas.<ref name=":2" /> |
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⚫ | Common injuries arise from [[Falling (accident)|falls]] from heights, such as from a ladder; trips, slips, and falls from level surfaces; and use of [[Chainsaw|chainsaws]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> There is a danger of [[electrocution]] from flooded areas, including from [[Backfeeding|backfeed]] from portable generators.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In addition, the use of generators, heaters, or stoves can lead to [[carbon monoxide poisoning]] if used indoors or close to an open window or air conditioner. [[Road traffic safety|Motor vehicle safety]] is important as most responders ride in motor vehicles, or may be required to direct traffic. Violence and [[looting]] is another hazard.<ref name=":0" /> Injuries may also result from entering buildings with compromised structural integrity, [[Noise-induced hearing loss|noise]], unexpected start-up or release of stored energy by machines or equipment, impact to the eyes or face, [[Manual handling of loads|manual lifting]], [[Animal bite|animal bites]], [[List of poisonous plants|poisonous plants]], and [[sunburn]].<ref name=":1" /> |
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Hurricane responders may be exposed to chemical and biological contaminants. These include |
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⚫ |
Common injuries arise from [[Falling (accident)|falls]] from heights, such as from a ladder; trips, slips, and falls from level surfaces; and use of [[Chainsaw|chainsaws]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> There is a danger of [[electrocution]] from flooded areas, including from [[Backfeeding|backfeed]] from portable generators.<ref name=": |
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[[Shift work|Long and irregular shifts]] may lead to [[sleep deprivation]] and [[fatigue]], increasing the risk of injuries. Additionally, [[heat stress]] is a concern as workers are often exposed to hot and humid temperatures, wear protective clothing and equipment, and have physically difficult tasks.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Heat stress may increase the risk of other injuries due to sweaty palms, fogged-up safety glasses, mental confusion, and dizziness.<ref name=":0" /> |
[[Shift work|Long and irregular shifts]] may lead to [[sleep deprivation]] and [[fatigue]], increasing the risk of injuries. Additionally, [[heat stress]] is a concern as workers are often exposed to hot and humid temperatures, wear protective clothing and equipment, and have physically difficult tasks.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Heat stress may increase the risk of other injuries due to sweaty palms, fogged-up safety glasses, mental confusion, and dizziness.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Disasters}} |
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[[Category:Disaster management]] |
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[[Category:Tropical cyclones]] |
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Tropical cyclones |
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Climatology and tracking |
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Outline Media coverage |
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Hurricane response is the disaster response after a hurricane. This response encompasses assessment and repairs to buildings and infrastructure, removal of debris, and providing public health services. Hurricane responders may be exposed to many hazards such as chemical and biological contaminants, and injuries from work activities.
Activities performed by hurricane responders include assessment, restoration, and demolition of buildings; removal of debris and waste; repairs to land-based and maritime infrastructure; and providing public health services including search and rescue operations.[1] Maritime response activities include checking for submerged obstructions and updating nautical charts for affected port areas; aerial survey missions to assess damages to affected areas to provide information for emergency responders; identification and survey of vessels or containers that may be leaking hazardous materials; and assessment of environmental impacts of contaminants in coastal and estuarine waters, including the health risk of eating fish and shellfish.[2]
Hurricane response requires coordination between federal, tribal, state, local, and private entities. An Incident Command System is used in the United States to coordinate activities between entities involved in disaster response.[3] According to the National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster, potential response volunteers should affiliate with established organizations and should not self-deploy, so that proper training and support can be provided to mitigate the danger and stress of response work.[4]
Hurricane responders may be exposed to chemical and biological contaminants. These include sewage and stored industrial or household chemicals, human remains, and mold growth encouraged by flooding.[3][5] Proper personal protective equipment, possibly including respirators, can help mitigate these hazards. In addition, fire ants are often disturbed during hurricanes and can float along in floodwaters, leading to the hazards of bites and stings.[5] Asbestos and lead may be present in older buildings,[3][6] and radon may be a concern in some areas.[3]
Common injuries arise from falls from heights, such as from a ladder; trips, slips, and falls from level surfaces; and use of chainsaws.[5][6] There is a danger of electrocution from flooded areas, including from backfeed from portable generators.[3][5][6] In addition, the use of generators, heaters, or stoves can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning if used indoors or close to an open window or air conditioner. Motor vehicle safety is important as most responders ride in motor vehicles, or may be required to direct traffic. Violence and looting is another hazard.[5] Injuries may also result from entering buildings with compromised structural integrity, noise, unexpected start-up or release of stored energy by machines or equipment, impact to the eyes or face, manual lifting, animal bites, poisonous plants, and sunburn.[6]
Long and irregular shifts may lead to sleep deprivation and fatigue, increasing the risk of injuries. Additionally, heat stress is a concern as workers are often exposed to hot and humid temperatures, wear protective clothing and equipment, and have physically difficult tasks.[5][6] Heat stress may increase the risk of other injuries due to sweaty palms, fogged-up safety glasses, mental confusion, and dizziness.[5]
Pre-exposure and post-exposure medical monitoring is recommended to establish fitness for and identify adverse effects from response work. Workers may experience mental stress associated with a traumatic incident.[5]
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Disasters |
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