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{{Infobox NRHP |
{{Infobox NRHP |
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| name |
| name =Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator |
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| nrhp_type |
| nrhp_type = nhl |
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| image |
| image = Mariner 10 in JPLs 25-foot space simulator.gif |
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| caption |
| caption = Mariner 10 in the Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator |
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| location |
| location= [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], [[Pasadena, California]] |
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| coordinates |
| coordinates = {{coord|34|12|9.8|N|118|10|22.4|W|display=inline,title}} |
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| locmapin |
| locmapin = USA Los Angeles Metropolitan Area#California#USA |
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| area |
| area =less than one acre |
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| built |
| built ={{start date|1961}} |
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| architect |
| architect= [[NASA]] |
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| designated_nrhp_type = October 3, 1985<ref name=nhl_summary>{{Cite web | title = Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator | work = National Historic Landmarks Quioklinks | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | |
| designated_nrhp_type = October 3, 1985<ref name=nhl_summary>{{Cite web | title = Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator | work = National Historic Landmarks Quioklinks | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | accessdate = 18 March 2012 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213025605/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | archivedate = 13 December 2010 | df = }}</ref> |
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| added |
| added = October 3, 1985<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref> |
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| governing_body = [[NASA]] |
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| refnum |
| refnum=85002812 |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator''' is a chamber for testing spacecraft in space-like conditions, including extreme cold, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressure. Built in 1961, it is located at the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] in [[Pasadena, California]] |
The '''Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator''' is a chamber designed for testing spacecraft in space-like conditions, including extreme cold, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressure. Built in 1961, it is located at the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] in [[Pasadena, California]], and has been used to prepare a large number of American space probes prior to their launches. It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1985 and is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name = nhl_summary/><ref name=nris/> |
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| ⚫ | |||
The first facility of its type, the chamber served as an example for other countries seeking to establish space programs.<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite web|author=Harry A. Butowsky|date=May 15, 1984|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Twenty-Five Foot Space Simulator|url={{NHLS url|id=85002812}}|format=pdf|publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=85002812|title=''Accompanying 2 photos, exterior and interior, from 1983''|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}}</ref> It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1985 and is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nhl_summary" /><ref name="nris" /> |
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| ⚫ | The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a stainless-steel cylinder {{convert|85|ft|m}} in height and {{convert|27|ft|m}} in diameter. A doorway {{convert|15|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|25|ft|m}} high provides access for bringing test objects and equipment into the chamber; a personnel access door is built into the larger doorway. The walls and floor of the chamber are lined with cooling shrouds providing a controllable temperature range from {{convert|-320|F|C}} to {{convert|200|F|C}}. A series of lamps, lenses, and mirrors are capable of irradiating the chamber with a directed beam of simulated solar energy in a variety of patterns and strengths. The chamber is capable of being depressurized to 5×10<sup>−7</sup> [[torr]]. Adjacent to the chamber isa[[clean room]] in which equipment can be prepared for testing.<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Twenty-Five Foot Space Simulator|url={{NHLS url|id=85002812}} |format=pdf|date=May 15, 1984 |author=Harry A. Butowsky |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=85002812|title=''Accompanying 2photos, exterior and interior, from 1983''|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}}</ref> |
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Operation of the chamber requires about 75 minutes to achieve a space-like environment, and about 2-1/2 hours to return to a normal environment. The chamber is fitted with a number of attachment points and methods by which test objects can be mounted. The floor of the chamber is mounted on a seismically isolated foundation.<ref name="nrhpinv2"/> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ |
The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a stainless-steel cylinder {{convert|85|ft|m}} in height and {{convert|27|ft|m}} in diameter. A doorway {{convert|15|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|25|ft|m}} high provides access for bringing test objects and equipment into the chamber; a personnel access door is built into the larger doorway. |
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When the chamber was built in 1961, it was the only facility of its type. It was used to test the [[Ranger program|Ranger]], [[Surveyor Program|Surveyor]], [[Mariner program|Mariner]], and [[Voyager program|Voyager]] spacecraft, and served as an example for other countries seeking to establish space programs.<ref name = nrhpinv2/> |
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Next to the chamber is a [[clean room]] in which equipment can be prepared for testing.<ref name="nrhpinv2" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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{{ |
{{commonscat|JPL Space Simulator}} |
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{{National Register of Historic Places}} |
{{National Register of Historic Places}} |
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{{Spaceflight landmarks}} |
{{Spaceflight landmarks}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
[[Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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