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{{Use American English|date=December 2020}} |
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{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} |
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{{Infobox spaceflight |
{{Infobox spaceflight |
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| name |
| name = USA-79 |
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| names_list = Navstar 2A-03<br/>GPS IIA-3<br/>GPS II-12<br/>GPS SVN-25 |
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| image = |
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| image_caption = |
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| image_size = 290px |
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| mission_type = [[Navigation satellite|Navigation]] |
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<!--Basic details--> |
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| operator = [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] |
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| COSPAR_ID = 1992-009A <ref name="Display"/> |
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| COSPAR_ID = 1992-009A<ref name="NSSDC">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1992-009A|title=Navstar 2A-03|publisher=US National Space Science Data Center|accessdate=10 July 2012}}</ref> |
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⚫ | | mission_duration = 7.5 years (planned)<br/>17.75 years (achieved) |
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<!--Spacecraft properties--> |
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| spacecraft_type = [[GPS satellite blocks|GPS Block IIA]] <ref name="GSP"/> |
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| manufacturer = [[Rockwell International]] |
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| launch_mass = {{cvt|840|kg}} |
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| manufacturer = [[Rockwell International|Rockwell]]<ref name="GSP"/> |
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| dimensions = {{cvt|5.3|m}} of long |
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| power = 710 watts |
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| power = <!--end-of-life power, in watts--> |
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⚫ | | launch_date = 23 February 1992, 22:29:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] |
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<!--Launch details--> |
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| launch_date |
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⚫ | | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17|LC-17B]] |
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| launch_rocket |
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| launch_contractor = [[McDonnell Douglas]] |
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| launch_site |
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| entered_service = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch--> |
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| entered_service = |
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<!--end of mission--> |
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| retired = |
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| disposal_type = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc--> |
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| deactivated |
| deactivated = 18 December 2009 |
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| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]] <ref name="Trajectory"/> |
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<!--orbit parameters--> |
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⚫ | | orbit_regime = [[Medium Earth orbit]]<br/><small>([[Semi-synchronous orbit|Semi-synchronous]])</small> |
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| orbit_slot = A2 (slot 2 plane A) |
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| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] |
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| orbit_regime |
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| orbit_periapsis |
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| programme = [[Global Positioning System]] |
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| previous_mission = [[USA-71]] (GPS IIA-2) |
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| next_mission = [[USA-80]] (GPS IIA-4) |
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'''USA-79''', also known as '''GPS IIA-3''', '''GPS II-12''' and '''GPS SVN-25''', was an [[United States|American]] [[navigation satellite]] which formed part of the [[Global Positioning System]]. It was the third of nineteen [[GPS |
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⚫ | '''USA-79''', also known as '''GPS IIA-3''', '''GPS II-12''' and '''GPS SVN-25''', was an [[United States|American]] [[navigation satellite]] which formed part of the [[Global Positioning System]]. It was the third of nineteen [[GPS satellite blocks|Block IIA]] GPS satellites to be launched. |
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USA-79 was launched at 22:29:00 UTC on 23 February 1992, atop a [[Delta II]] |
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== Background == |
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On 27 March 1992, USA-79 was in an orbit with a [[apsis|perigee]] of {{ |
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Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.<ref name="Display">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1992-009A|title=Display: Navstar 2A-03 1992-009A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=18 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system comprised of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were [[Attitude control|3-axis stabilized]], [[nadir]] pointing using [[Reaction wheel|reaction wheels]]. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used [[S band|S-band]] (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and [[Ultra high frequency]] (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two [[L band|L-band]] navigation signals at 1575.42 [[Hertz|MHz]] (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 [[rubidium]] and 2 [[Caesium|Cesium]] clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by [[Rockwell International|Rockwell Space Systems]] for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.<ref name="Display"/> |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Launch == |
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⚫ | USA-79 was launched at 22:29:00 UTC on 23 February 1992, atop a [[Delta II]] [[launch vehicle]], flight number D207, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration.<ref name="LL">{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> The launch took place from [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17|Launch Complex 17B]] (LC-17B) at the [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]],<ref name="lvdb">{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|title=Launch List|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|work=Launch Vehicle Database|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> and placed USA-79 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into [[medium Earth orbit]] using a [[Star (rocket stage)|Star-37XFP]] [[Apogee kick motor|apogee motor]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/navstar-2a.htm|title=GPS-2A (Navstar-2A)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> |
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== Mission == |
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⚫ | On 27 March 1992, USA-79 was in an orbit with a [[apsis|perigee]] of {{cvt|20018|km}}, an [[apsis|apogee]] of {{cvt|20343|km}}, a [[orbital period|period]] of 717.9 minutes, and 54.7° of [[Orbital inclination |inclination]] to the [[equator]].<ref name="Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1992-009A|title=Trajectory: Navstar 2A-03 1992-009A |publisher=NASA |date=14 May 2020|access-date=18 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It had PRN 25, and operated in slot 2 of plane A of the GPS constellation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/navstar.htm|title=Navstar|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|first=Mark|last=Wade|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> The satellite had a mass of {{cvt|840|kg}}. It had a design life of 7.5 years,<ref name="GSP"/> and ceased operations on 18 December 2009. |
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{{Portal|Spaceflight}} |
{{Portal|Spaceflight}} |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{GPS satellites}} |
{{GPS satellites}} |
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{{Orbital launches in 1992}} |
{{Orbital launches in 1992}} |
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[[Category:GPS satellites]] |
[[Category:GPS satellites]] |
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[[Category:USA satellites]] |
[[Category:USA satellites]] |
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{{US-spacecraft-stub}} |
Names | Navstar 2A-03 GPS IIA-3 GPS II-12 GPS SVN-25 |
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Mission type | Navigation |
Operator | U.S. Air Force |
COSPAR ID | 1992-009A [1] |
SATCAT no. | 21890 |
Mission duration | 7.5 years (planned) 17.75 years (achieved) |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | GPS-IIA |
Spacecraft type | GPS Block IIA [2] |
Manufacturer | Rockwell International |
Launch mass | 840 kg (1,850 lb) |
Dimensions | 5.3 m (17 ft) of long |
Power | 710 watts |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 23 February 1992, 22:29:00 UTC |
Rocket | Delta II 7925-9.5 (Delta D207) |
Launch site | Cape Canaveral, LC-17B |
Contractor | McDonnell Douglas |
End of mission | |
Deactivated | 18 December 2009 |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric orbit [3] |
Regime | Medium Earth orbit (Semi-synchronous) |
Slot | A2 (slot 2 plane A) |
Perigee altitude | 20,018 km (12,439 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 20,343 km (12,641 mi) |
Inclination | 54.7° |
Period | 717.9 minutes |
← USA-71 (GPS IIA-2)
USA-80 (GPS IIA-4) →
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USA-79, also known as GPS IIA-3, GPS II-12 and GPS SVN-25, was an American navigation satellite which formed part of the Global Positioning System. It was the third of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[1]
GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system comprised of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.[1]
USA-79 was launched at 22:29:00 UTC on 23 February 1992, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D207, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration.[4] The launch took place from Launch Complex 17B (LC-17B) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station,[5] and placed USA-79 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.[2]
On 27 March 1992, USA-79 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,018 km (12,439 mi), an apogee of 20,343 km (12,641 mi), a period of 717.9 minutes, and 54.7° of inclination to the equator.[3] It had PRN 25, and operated in slot 2 of plane A of the GPS constellation.[6] The satellite had a mass of 840 kg (1,850 lb). It had a design life of 7.5 years,[2] and ceased operations on 18 December 2009.
NAVSTAR Global Positioning System satellites
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Block I |
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Block II |
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Block IIA |
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Block IIR |
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Block IIRM |
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Block IIF |
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Block III |
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Block IIIF |
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Italics indicate future missions. Signs † indicate launch failures. |
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January |
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February |
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March |
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April |
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May |
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June |
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July |
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August |
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September |
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October |
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November |
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December |
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). |