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from https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Tonsillitis
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from https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Tonsillitis
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| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɒ|n|s|ɪ|'|l|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} {{respell|TON|si|LY|tis}} |
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɒ|n|s|ɪ|'|l|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} {{respell|TON|si|LY|tis}} |
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| field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |
| field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |
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| symptoms = [[Sore throat]], [[fever]], enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, [[lymphadenopathy|large lymph nodes]] around the neck<ref name=Pub2016 |
| symptoms = [[Sore throat]], [[fever]], enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, [[lymphadenopathy|large lymph nodes]] around the neck<ref name=Pub2016/> |
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| complications = [[Peritonsillar abscess]]<ref name=Klug2016/> |
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| complications = [[Peritonsillar abscess]]<ref name=Klug2016>{{cite journal|last1=Klug|first1=TE|last2=Rusan|first2=M|last3=Fuursted|first3=K|last4=Ovesen|first4=T|title=Peritonsillar Abscess: Complication of Acute Tonsillitis or Weber's Glands Infection?|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|date=August 2016|volume=155|issue=2|pages=199–207|pmid=27026737|doi=10.1177/0194599816639551|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829091247/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peritonsillar-Abscess-Klug-Rusan/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| onset = |
| onset = |
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| duration = ~ 1 week<ref name=Cochrane2013/> |
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| duration = ~ 1 week<ref name=Cochrane2013>{{cite journal|last1=Spinks|first1=A|last2=Glasziou|first2=PP|last3=Del Mar|first3=CB|title=Antibiotics for sore throat.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=5 November 2013|volume=11|issue=11|pages=CD000023|pmid=24190439|pmc=6457983|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4}}</ref> |
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| types = |
| types = |
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| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[bacterial infection]]<ref name=Wind2016/><ref name=Lang2009/> |
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| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[bacterial infection]]<ref name=Wind2016>{{cite journal|last1=Windfuhr|first1=JP|last2=Toepfner|first2=N|last3=Steffen|first3=G|last4=Waldfahrer|first4=F|last5=Berner|first5=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management.|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|date=April 2016|volume=273|issue=4|pages=973–87|pmid=26755048|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3872-6|pmc=7087627}}</ref><ref name=Lang2009>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=Florian|title=Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540671367|page=2083|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002102233/https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|archivedate=2016-10-02}}</ref> |
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| risks = |
| risks = |
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| diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[throat swab]], [[rapid strep test]]<ref name=Wind2016/> |
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| diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[throat swab]], [[rapid strep test]]<ref name=Wind2016>{{cite journal|last1=Windfuhr|first1=JP|last2=Toepfner|first2=N|last3=Steffen|first3=G|last4=Waldfahrer|first4=F|last5=Berner|first5=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management.|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|date=April 2016|volume=273|issue=4|pages=973–87|pmid=26755048|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3872-6|pmc=7087627}}</ref> |
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| differential = |
| differential = |
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| prevention = |
| prevention = |
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| treatment = |
| treatment = |
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| medication = [[Paracetamol]] (acetaminophen), [[ibuprofen]], [[penicillin]]<ref name=Wind2016 |
| medication = [[Paracetamol]] (acetaminophen), [[ibuprofen]], [[penicillin]]<ref name=Wind2016/> |
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| prognosis = |
| prognosis = |
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| frequency = 7.5% (in any given 3 months)<ref name=Jones2014/> |
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| frequency = 7.5% (in any given 3 months)<ref name=Jones2014>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Roger|title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198567820|page=674|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA674|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818174808/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA674|archivedate=2016-08-18}}</ref> |
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| deaths = |
| deaths = |
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}} |
}} |
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<!-- Definition and symptoms --> |
<!-- Definition and symptoms --> |
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'''Tonsillitis''' is [[inflammation]] of the [[tonsil]]s, typically of rapid onset.<ref name=Pub2016>{{cite web|title=Tonsillitis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|website=PubMed Health|accessdate=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107031248/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|archivedate=7 January 2017}}</ref> It is a type of [[pharyngitis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tonsillitis|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D014069|accessdate=4 August 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325080921/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D014069|archivedate=25 March 2016}}</ref> Symptoms may include [[sore throat]], [[fever]], enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and [[lymphadenopathy|large lymph nodes]] around the neck.<ref name=Pub2016 |
'''Tonsillitis''' is [[inflammation]] of the [[tonsil]]s, typically of rapid onset.<ref name=Pub2016>{{cite web|title=Tonsillitis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|website=PubMed Health|accessdate=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107031248/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|archivedate=7 January 2017}}</ref> It is a type of [[pharyngitis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tonsillitis|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D014069|accessdate=4 August 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325080921/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D014069|archivedate=25 March 2016}}</ref> Symptoms may include [[sore throat]], [[fever]], enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and [[lymphadenopathy|large lymph nodes]] around the neck.<ref name=Pub2016/> Complications include [[peritonsillar abscess]].<ref name=Klug2016>{{cite journal|last1=Klug|first1=TE|last2=Rusan|first2=M|last3=Fuursted|first3=K|last4=Ovesen|first4=T|title=Peritonsillar Abscess: Complication of Acute Tonsillitis or Weber's Glands Infection?|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|date=August 2016|volume=155|issue=2|pages=199–207|pmid=27026737|doi=10.1177/0194599816639551|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829091247/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peritonsillar-Abscess-Klug-Rusan/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|url-status=live|accessdate=2019-12-16|archivedate=2021-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829091247/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peritonsillar-Abscess-Klug-Rusan/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210}}</ref> |
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<!-- Cause and diagnosis --> |
<!-- Cause and diagnosis --> |
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Tonsillitis is most commonly caused by a [[viral infection]], with about 5% to 40% of cases caused by a [[bacterial infection]].<ref name=Wind2016 |
Tonsillitis is most commonly caused by a [[viral infection]], with about 5% to 40% of cases caused by a [[bacterial infection]].<ref name=Wind2016/><ref name=Lang2009>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=Florian|title=Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540671367|page=2083|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002102233/https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|archivedate=2016-10-02}}</ref> When caused by the bacterium [[group A streptococcus]], it is referred to as [[strep throat]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2016: 5 Books in 1|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323378222|page=PA1646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbLSCQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA1646|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002102931/https://books.google.com/books?id=bbLSCQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA1646|archivedate=2016-10-02}}</ref> Rarely bacteria such as ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'', ''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]'', or ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' may be the cause.<ref name=Wind2016/> Typically the infection is spread between people through the air.<ref name=Lang2009/> A scoring system, such as the [[Centor score]], may help separate possible causes.<ref name=Wind2016/> Confirmation may be by a [[throat swab]] or [[rapid strep test]].<ref name=Wind2016>{{cite journal|last1=Windfuhr|first1=JP|last2=Toepfner|first2=N|last3=Steffen|first3=G|last4=Waldfahrer|first4=F|last5=Berner|first5=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management.|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|date=April 2016|volume=273|issue=4|pages=973–87|pmid=26755048|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3872-6|pmc=7087627}}</ref> |
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<!-- Treatment --> |
<!-- Treatment --> |
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Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications.<ref name=Wind2016 |
Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications.<ref name=Wind2016/> [[Paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) and [[ibuprofen]] may be used to help with pain.<ref name=Wind2016/> If strep throat is present the antibiotic [[penicillin]] by mouth is generally recommended.<ref name=Wind2016/> In those who are allergic to penicillin, [[cephalosporins]] or [[macrolides]] may be used.<ref name=Wind2016/> In children with frequent episodes of tonsillitis, [[tonsillectomy]] modestly decreases the risk of future episodes.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Windfuhr|first1=JP|last2=Toepfner|first2=N|last3=Steffen|first3=G|last4=Waldfahrer|first4=F|last5=Berner|first5=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis II. Surgical management.|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|date=April 2016|volume=273|issue=4|pages=989–1009|pmid=26882912|doi=10.1007/s00405-016-3904-x}}</ref> |
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<!-- Epidemiology and prognosis --> |
<!-- Epidemiology and prognosis --> |
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About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period and 2% of people visit a doctor for tonsillitis each year.<ref name=Jones2014>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Roger|title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198567820|page=674|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA674|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818174808/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA674|archivedate=2016-08-18}}</ref> It is most common in school aged children and typically occurs in the fall and winter months.<ref name=Wind2016 |
About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period and 2% of people visit a doctor for tonsillitis each year.<ref name=Jones2014>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Roger|title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198567820|page=674|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA674|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818174808/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA674|archivedate=2016-08-18}}</ref> It is most common in school aged children and typically occurs in the fall and winter months.<ref name=Wind2016/><ref name=Lang2009/> The majority of people recover with or without medication.<ref name=Wind2016/> In 40% of people, symptoms resolve within three days, and in 80% symptoms resolve within one week, regardless of whether streptococcus is present or not.<ref name=Cochrane2013/> Antibiotics decrease symptom duration by approximately 16 hours.<ref name=Cochrane2013>{{cite journal|last1=Spinks|first1=A|last2=Glasziou|first2=PP|last3=Del Mar|first3=CB|title=Antibiotics for sore throat.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=5 November 2013|volume=11|issue=11|pages=CD000023|pmid=24190439|pmc=6457983|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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| Tonsillitis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A culture positive case of Streptococcal pharyngitis with typical tonsillar exudate | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, large lymph nodes around the neck[1] |
| Complications | Peritonsillar abscess[2] |
| Duration | ~ 1 week[3] |
| Causes | Viral infection, bacterial infection[4][5] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, throat swab, rapid strep test[4] |
| Medication | Paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, penicillin[4] |
| Frequency | 7.5% (in any given 3 months)[6] |
Tonsillitisisinflammation of the tonsils, typically of rapid onset.[1] It is a type of pharyngitis.[7] Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and large lymph nodes around the neck.[1] Complications include peritonsillar abscess.[2]
Tonsillitis is most commonly caused by a viral infection, with about 5% to 40% of cases caused by a bacterial infection.[4][5] When caused by the bacterium group A streptococcus, it is referred to as strep throat.[8] Rarely bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, or Haemophilus influenzae may be the cause.[4] Typically the infection is spread between people through the air.[5] A scoring system, such as the Centor score, may help separate possible causes.[4] Confirmation may be by a throat swaborrapid strep test.[4]
Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications.[4] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to help with pain.[4] If strep throat is present the antibiotic penicillin by mouth is generally recommended.[4] In those who are allergic to penicillin, cephalosporinsormacrolides may be used.[4] In children with frequent episodes of tonsillitis, tonsillectomy modestly decreases the risk of future episodes.[9]
About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period and 2% of people visit a doctor for tonsillitis each year.[6] It is most common in school aged children and typically occurs in the fall and winter months.[4][5] The majority of people recover with or without medication.[4] In 40% of people, symptoms resolve within three days, and in 80% symptoms resolve within one week, regardless of whether streptococcus is present or not.[3] Antibiotics decrease symptom duration by approximately 16 hours.[3]
{{cite journal}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
