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{{Short description|Sculpture of a nude woman}} |
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[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Venus of Laussel in Bordeaux museum.]] |
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{{Infobox artefact |
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| image = Venus-de-Laussel-vue-generale-noir.jpg |
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| image_caption = Tablet on display in the British Museum |
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| material = [[Limestone]] |
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| size = Height: 46 cm |
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| writing = |
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| created = {{circa|23,000 BC}} |
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| location = [[Musée d'Aquitaine]], [[Bordeaux]], France |
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| id = |
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| registration = |
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| discovered_by = Jean-Gaston Lalanne |
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| discovered_date = 1911 |
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| discovered_place = [[Marquay, Dordogne|Marquay]], [[Dordogne]], France |
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}} |
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⚫ | The '''Venus of Laussel''' is an {{convert|18.11|in|cm|adj=mid|abbr=off|-high}} [[limestone]] [[bas-relief]] of a nude woman. It is painted with red [[ochre]] and was carved into the [[limestone]] of a rock shelter (''Abri de Laussel'') in the commune of [[Marquay, Dordogne|Marquay]], in the [[Dordogne]] department of south-western [[France]]. The carving is associated with the [[Gravettian]] [[Upper Paleolithic]] culture (approximately 25,000 years old). It is currently displayed in the [[Musée d'Aquitaine]] in [[Bordeaux]], France. |
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[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-detail-tete.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of the head.]] |
[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-detail-tete.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of the head.]] |
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[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-detail-corne.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of the right arm and the horn.]] |
[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-detail-corne.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of the right arm and the horn.]] |
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[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-detail-bras.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of the left arm and hand.]] |
[[File:Venus-de-Laussel-detail-bras.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of the left arm and hand.]] |
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The '''Venus of Laussel''' is an 18.11- |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The figure holds a [[ |
The figure holds a [[European bison|bison]] horn, or possibly a [[cornucopia]], in one hand, which has thirteen notches. She has large breasts, a great stomach, and wide hips. There is a "Y" on her thigh and her faceless head is turned toward the horn. The lower relief was coveredinred ochre.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Thompson, William Irwin.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6890108|title=The time falling bodies take to light : mythology, sexuality, and the origins of culture|date=1981|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=0-312-80510-1|location=New York|pages=105|oclc=6890108}}</ref> |
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[[Alexander Marshack]] said about the Venus of Laussel that "One cannot conjecture on the basis of one engraved sequence any meaning to the marks, but that the unusually clean horn was notated with storied marks is clear."<ref>Marshack, p. 335.</ref> |
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⚫ | The relief was discovered in 1911 by Jean-Gaston Lalanne, a physician. It was carved into large block of limestone in a rock shelter (''abri de Laussel'') at the commune of [[Marquay, Dordogne|Marquay]] in the [[Dordogne]] department of south-western [[France]]. The [[limestone block]] fell off the wall of the shelter. It was brought to the [[Musée d'Aquitaine]] in [[Bordeaux]], France. |
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== Meaning == |
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She has her hand on her abdomen (or womb), with large mammaries and vulva. There is a "Y" on her thigh and her faceless head is turned toward the horn. |
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The figure and the horn are considered significant in figurative studies of Paleolithic art. There are many similarly formed "goddess figures", such as [[Venus of Willendorf]], said to be of potential significance in Eurasian [[prehistoric religion]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Shamans, Sorcerers, and Saints: A Prehistory of Religion|last=Hayden|first=Brian|date=17 December 2003|publisher=Smithsonian Books|location=Washington, DC|chapter=Complexity in the Hunter-Gatherer World|pages=153–155|isbn=9781588341686}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The "Venus" Figurines: Textiles, Basketry, Gender, and Status in the Upper Paleolithic|journal=Current Anthropology|volume=41|issue=4|pages=511–537|date=2000|vauthors=Soffer O, Adovasio JM, Hyland DC|doi=10.1086/317381|s2cid=162026727}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Eisler, Riane Tennenhaus|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15222627|title=The chalice and the blade : our history, our future|date=1987|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=0-06-250287-5|edition=1st|location=Cambridge [Mass.]|pages=5|oclc=15222627}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Neumann, Erich|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/908042725|title=The Great Mother : an analysis of the archetype|others=Manheim, Ralph, 1907-1992|date=4 May 2015|isbn=978-1-4008-6610-6|edition=First Princeton classics|location=Princeton, New Jersey|oclc=908042725}}</ref> The color and the number of notches on the horn may symbolize the number of moons or the number of [[menstrual cycle]]s in one year, or the number of days from menstruation to [[ovulation]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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The |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== |
==Further reading== |
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* Eisler, Riane (1995), Sacred Pleasure: Sex, Myth, and the Politics of the Body, HarperCollins Publishers Inc., NY. |
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*Marshack, Alexander ( |
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⚫ | * Marshack, Alexander (1971). ''The Roots of Civilization'', Moyer Bell Ltd, Mount Kisco, NY. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Venus of Laussel}} |
{{Commons category|Venus of Laussel}} |
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* [http://donsmaps.com/lacornevenus.html Pictures of the Venus of Laussel and further reliefs from Laussel] |
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*[http://perso.wanadoo.fr/gravany/frescoes/low%20reliefs/venus%20of%20laussel.htm Venus carving] |
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{{Venus figurines}} |
{{Venus figurines}} |
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[[Category:Venus figurines|Laussel]] |
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[[Category:Gravettian]] |
[[Category:Gravettian]] |
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[[Category:Stone sculptures in France]] |
[[Category:Stone sculptures in France]] |
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[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in France]] |
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in France]] |
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[[Category:Limestone sculptures]] |
[[Category:Limestone sculptures]] |
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[[Category:Reliefs in France]] |
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[[Category:1911 archaeological discoveries]] |
Venus of Laussel | |
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Material | Limestone |
Size | Height: 46 cm |
Created | c. 23,000 BC |
Discovered | 1911 Marquay, Dordogne, France |
Discovered by | Jean-Gaston Lalanne |
Present location | Musée d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France |
The Venus of Laussel is an 18.11-inch-high (46.0-centimetre) limestone bas-relief of a nude woman. It is painted with red ochre and was carved into the limestone of a rock shelter (Abri de Laussel) in the commune of Marquay, in the Dordogne department of south-western France. The carving is associated with the Gravettian Upper Paleolithic culture (approximately 25,000 years old). It is currently displayed in the Musée d'AquitaineinBordeaux, France.
The figure holds a bison horn, or possibly a cornucopia, in one hand, which has thirteen notches. She has large breasts, a great stomach, and wide hips. There is a "Y" on her thigh and her faceless head is turned toward the horn. The lower relief was covered in red ochre.[1]
The relief was discovered in 1911 by Jean-Gaston Lalanne, a physician. It was carved into large block of limestone in a rock shelter (abri de Laussel) at the commune of Marquay in the Dordogne department of south-western France. The limestone block fell off the wall of the shelter. It was brought to the Musée d'AquitaineinBordeaux, France.
The figure and the horn are considered significant in figurative studies of Paleolithic art. There are many similarly formed "goddess figures", such as Venus of Willendorf, said to be of potential significance in Eurasian prehistoric religion.[2][3][4][5] The color and the number of notches on the horn may symbolize the number of moons or the number of menstrual cycles in one year, or the number of days from menstruation to ovulation.[1]
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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Acheulean (disputed) |
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Aurignacian |
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Gravettian |
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Magdalenian |
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Related |
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