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{{short description|Roman festival honoring Vesta}} |
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{{about|the Roman festival|the plateau on 4 Vesta|Vestalia Terra}} |
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{{Infobox holiday |
{{Infobox holiday |
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|holiday_name = Vestalia |
|holiday_name = Vestalia |
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|longtype = [[Religion in ancient Rome|Classical Roman religion]] |
|longtype = [[Religion in ancient Rome|Classical Roman religion]] |
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|image = Carl Friedrich Deckler Vestalin mit Efeugirlande.jpg |
|image = Carl Friedrich Deckler Vestalin mit Efeugirlande.jpg |
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|image_size = |
|image_size = 325px |
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|caption = [[Vestal virgins|Vestal virgin]] hanging an ivy wreath. |
|caption = [[Vestal virgins|Vestal virgin]] hanging an ivy wreath. |
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|observedby = [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] |
|observedby = [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] |
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|date = June 7 |
|date = June 7 -15 |
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|celebrations = |
|celebrations = |
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|observances = |
|observances = |
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|relatedto = |
|relatedto = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Vestalia''' was a Roman religious festival in honor of [[Vesta (mythology)|Vesta]], the goddess of the hearth and the burning continuation of the sacred fire of Rome. It was held from |
'''Vestalia''' was a Roman religious festival in honor of [[Vesta (mythology)|Vesta]], the goddess of the hearth and the burning continuation of the sacred fire of Rome. It was held from 7-15 June. |
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Domestic and family life in general were represented by the festival of the goddess of the house and of the spirits of the storechamber — Vesta and the [[Penates]] — on ''Vestalia''.<ref>{{harvnb|Mommsen|1894|p=164}}</ref> On the first day of festivities the ''penus Vestae'' (''[[sanctum sanctorum]]'' of the [[temple of Vesta]] which was usually curtained off) was opened, for the only time during the year, at which women offered sacrifices.<ref name="Marouzeau">{{harvnb|Marouzeau|2006|p=39}}</ref> As long as the curtain remained open, mothers could come, barefoot and disheveled, to leave offerings to the goddess in exchange for a blessing to them and their family.<ref>{{harvnb|Brulé|1987|p=112}}</ref> |
Domestic and family life in general were represented by the festival of the goddess of the house and of the spirits of the storechamber — Vesta and the [[Penates]] — on ''Vestalia''.<ref>{{harvnb|Mommsen|1894|p=164}}</ref> On the first day of festivities the ''penus Vestae'' (''[[sanctum sanctorum]]'' of the [[temple of Vesta]] which was usually curtained off) was opened, for the only time during the year, at which women offered sacrifices.<ref name="Marouzeau">{{harvnb|Marouzeau|2006|p=39}}</ref> As long as the curtain remained open, mothers could come, barefoot and disheveled, to leave offerings to the goddess in exchange for a blessing to them and their family.<ref>{{harvnb|Brulé|1987|p=112}}</ref> |
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The animal consecrated to Vesta, the donkey, was crowned with garlands of flowers and bits of bread on 9 June. [[Ovid]] says that donkeys were adorned with necklaces of bread-bits in memory of the myth where Vesta is nearly violated by [[Priapus]]. In that myth, it is the untimely bray of a donkey that startles Priapus |
The animal consecrated to Vesta, the donkey, was crowned with garlands of flowers and bits of bread on 9 June. [[Ovid]] says that donkeys were adorned with necklaces of bread-bits in memory of the myth where Vesta is nearly violated by [[Priapus]]. In that myth, it is the untimely bray of a donkey that startles Priapus causing him to flee. Before that, he says donkeys were honored on 9 June in thanks for the services they provided in the bakeries.<ref>{{harvnb|Littlewood|2006|p=103}}</ref><ref>[[Ovid]], ''Fasti'' VI. 319-48</ref><ref name="RW29">{{harvnb|Fraschetti|2001|p=29}}</ref> |
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The final day, 15 June, was ''Quando Stercum Delatum Fas'' ["when dung may be removed lawfully"]. The ''penus Vestae'' was solemnly closed, the ''Flaminica Dialis'' observed mourning, and the temple was subjected to a purification called ''stercoratio'': the filth was swept from the temple and carried next by the route called ''clivus Capitolinus'' and then into the Tiber.<ref name="Marouzeau"/> |
The final day, 15 June, was ''Quando Stercum Delatum Fas'' ["when dung may be removed lawfully"]. The ''penus Vestae'' was solemnly closed, the ''Flaminica Dialis'' observed mourning, and the temple was subjected to a purification called ''stercoratio'': the filth was swept from the temple and carried next by the route called ''clivus Capitolinus'' and then into the Tiber.<ref name="Marouzeau"/> |
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*{{citation|first=Theodor|last=[[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EEZAAAAYAAJ|title=The History of Rome|volume=I|year=1894}} {{PD-notice}} |
*{{citation|first=Theodor|last=[[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EEZAAAAYAAJ|title=The History of Rome|volume=I|year=1894}} {{PD-notice}} |
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*{{citation|first=Carole Elizabeth|last=Newlands|title=Playing with Time: Ovid and the Fasti, Volume 55|year=1995|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-3080-1}} |
*{{citation|first=Carole Elizabeth|last=Newlands|title=Playing with Time: Ovid and the Fasti, Volume 55|year=1995|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-3080-1}} |
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{{Roman religion (festival)}} |
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[[Category:Ancient Roman festivals]] |
[[Category:Ancient Roman festivals]] |
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[[Category:June observances]] |
[[Category:June observances]] |
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[[Category:Summer festivals]] |
[[Category:Summer festivals]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Hestia]] |
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