Contents

1016

Year 1016 (MXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

• March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious over former co-regent Sweyn Haakonsson, confirming his status as king of Norway.
• April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England, dies after a 38-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edmund II "Ironside".^[1]
• Summer – Battle of Brentford (near London): Edmund II defeats the Danes under King Cnut the Great.^[2]
• July 6 – Battle of Pontlevoy: French forces of Fulk III and Herbert I defeat Odo II which determines the balance of power in the Loire Valley.^[3]
• October 18 – Battle of Assandun: Cnut the Great defeats Edmund II, leaving the latter as king of Wessex.^[1]
• November 30 – Edmund II dies and Cnut the Great takes control of the whole of the Kingdom of England.^[1]
• The Pisan and the Genoese republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of Sardinia, in particular Porto Torres, and defeat the fleet of the taifa king of Dénia, Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī.^[4]
• Melus of Bari makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held Southern Italy. To support his cause, he hires Norman mercenaries, unwittingly triggering the rise of Norman rule over southern Italy.^[5]
• Georgius Tzul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine Empire–Kievan Rus' force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence.

• January 7 – Fath al-Qal'i, governor of the Citadel of Aleppo, revolts against Emir Mansur ibn Lu'lu', forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with Salih ibn Mirdas and takes control of Aleppo.

• March 10 – Emperor Sanjō of Japan abdicates the throne after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old cousin Go-Ichijō as the 68th emperor of Japan. Fujiwara no Michinaga is appointed regent.
• Japanese poet Koshikibu no Naishi (lady-in-waiting to Dowager Empress Shōshi) and her husband Fujiwara no Kiminari (son of Michinaga) have a son, but the couple is not accepted because of the social gap between them.^[6]

• April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)
• June 9 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1034)
• July 25 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
• August 24 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress (d. 1039)
• October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
• Cao, empress and regentofSong dynasty China (d. 1079)
• Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II of England (d. 1057)
• Không Lộ, Vietnamese Zen master (approximate date)
• Minamoto no Tsunenobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1097)
• Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)
• Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1106)

• April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England
• May 22 – Jovan Vladimir, Serbian prince (b. 990)
• September 6 – Fujiwara no Bokushi, great-grandmother of the Emperor of Japan
• October 18
  • Ælfric of Hampshire, English nobleman
  • Eadnoth the Younger, bishop of Dorchester in England
  • Ulfcytel Snillingr, English nobleman
• November 30 – Edmund II "Ironside", king of England
• Badis ibn Mansur, Muslim emir of the Zirid dynasty
• Henry II "the Good", count of Stade (b. 946)
• Liu Chenggui, official of Song dynasty China (b. 951)
• Simeon of Mantua, Armenian Benedictine monk
• Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, caliph of Córdoba
• Uhtred the Bold, English nobleman
• Wulfgar of Abingdon, English abbot

• Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia (in Italian). Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 33. ISBN 978-8882895297.

• Kleinhenz, Christopher, ed. (2010). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-0415939294.

• Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd / Barrie & Jenkins. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0712656160.

• Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-0304357307.

• Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. ISBN 0-415-22126-9.