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104 Klymene

104 Klymene
Discovery
3D convex shape model of 104 Klymene
Discovered by	James Craig Watson
Discovery date	13 September 1868
Designations
MPC designation	(104) Klymene
Pronunciation	/ˈklɪmɪniː/^[1]
Alternative designations	A868 RB, 1893 FA 1951 OE, 1968 OS^[2]
Minor planet category	Main belt
Orbital characteristics^[3]
Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	130.58 yr (47693 d)
Aphelion	3.6499 AU (546.02 Gm)
Perihelion	2.65525 AU (397.220 Gm)
Semi-major axis	3.15256 AU (471.616 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.15775
Orbital period (sidereal)	5.60 yr (2044.5 d)
Average orbital speed	16.67 km/s
Mean anomaly	101.498°
Mean motion	0° 10^m 33.888^s / day
Inclination	2.7905°
Longitude of ascending node	41.698°
Argument of perihelion	32.134°
Earth MOID	1.66901 AU (249.680 Gm)
Jupiter MOID	1.63907 AU (245.201 Gm)
T_Jupiter	3.186
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	163 km × 103 km (± 3 km × 5 km)^[4]
Mean diameter	136.553±1.554 km^[3] 133 km^[4]
Mass	(1.835 ± 0.880/0.495)×10¹⁸kg^[5]
Mean density	1.633 ± 0.783/0.441 g/cm³^[5]^[a]
Equatorial surface gravity	0.0263 m/s²
Equatorial escape velocity	0.0599 km/s
Synodic rotation period	8.984 h (0.3743 d)^[3]
Geometric albedo	0.052±0.006^[3]
Temperature	~157 K
Spectral type	C
Absolute magnitude (H)	8.58^[3]

Klymene (minor planet designation: 104 Klymene) is a large, dark Themistian asteroid that was discovered by J. C. Watson on September 13, 1868, and named after one of the many ClymenesinGreek mythology.^[6] It is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.60 years and an eccentricity of 0.16. The orbital planeisinclined by 2.8° to the plane of the ecliptic. It is classified as a C-type asteroid, indicating it probably has a carbonaceous composition. The spectra indicates the presence of aqueous-altered minerals on the surface^[7] based upon a sharp feature at a wavelength of 3 μm, and, as of 2015, is the only member of the Themis family found to show this absorption.^[8]

Based upon measurements made using adaptive optics at the W. M. Keck Observatory, this object may have a bi-lobed shape with a length of 163 ± 3 km and width of 103 ± 5 km, for an average dimension of 133 km.^[4] This asteroid is located near the region of the Themis family but itself considered a background asteroid using HCM-analysis.^[9] It is listed as a member of the Hecuba group of asteroids that orbit near the 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter.^[10]

104 Klymene has been observed to occult 6 stars between 2009 and 2023.

Notes[edit]

^ Bowen, Eliza A. (1893), "Visualizing the Earth's annual motion", Popular Astronomy, 1: 178–179, Bibcode:1893PA......1..178B.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yeomans, Donald K., "104 Klymene", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, retrieved 12 May 2016.

^ ^a ^b ^c Marchis, F.; et al. (November 2006), "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey", Icarus, vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 39–63, Bibcode:2006Icar..185...39M, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001, PMC 2600456, PMID 19081813.

^ ^a ^b Fienga, A.; Avdellidou, C.; Hanuš, J. (February 2020). "Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 492 (1). doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3407.

^ Dictionary of minor planet names, International Astronomical Union. Springer, 2003, p. 25

^ Hargrove, Kelsey D.; et al. (July 2015), "Asteroid (90) Antiope: Another icy member of the Themis family?", Icarus, 254: 150–156, Bibcode:2015Icar..254..150H, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.008.