| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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| Centuries: |
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| Decades: |
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| Years: |
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| 12 BC by topic |
| Politics |
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| Categories |
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| Gregorian calendar | 12 BC XII BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 742 |
| Ancient Greek era | 192nd Olympiad (victor)¹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 4739 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −604 |
| Berber calendar | 939 |
| Buddhist calendar | 533 |
| Burmese calendar | −649 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5497–5498 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 2686 or 2479 — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 2687 or 2480 |
| Coptic calendar | −295 – −294 |
| Discordian calendar | 1155 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −19 – −18 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3749–3750 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 45–46 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 3089–3090 |
| Holocene calendar | 9989 |
| Iranian calendar | 633 BP – 632 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 652 BH – 651 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | 12 BC XII BC |
| Korean calendar | 2322 |
| Minguo calendar | 1923 before ROC 民前1923年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1479 |
| Seleucid era | 300/301 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 531–532 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 115 or −266 or −1038 — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 116 or −265 or −1037 |
Year 12 BC was either a common year starting on Saturday, SundayorMonday or a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Quirinius (or, less frequently, year 742 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 12 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
