29 June – "the Lord General Cromwell went out of London towards the North: and the news of him marching Northward much startled the Scots".[3]Oliver Cromwell leads the New Model Army to Edinburgh.[4]
3 September – Battle of Dunbar takes place between Cromwell's Army and the Scottish Covenanters. Cromwell's army wins and the battle results in southern Scotland surrendering to England;[4] it is administered from Dalkeith.
1651:
1 January – Charles II crowned King of Scotland at Scone Palace.[5]
3 September – Battle of Worcester takes place after Charles II has raised an army (largely from Scotland) and invaded England. It results in his defeat by Cromwell and the king escaping abroad.[5]
1652: 17 June – A large fire breaks out in Glasgow, which destroys around a third of the city and leaves approximately 1,000 families homeless.[7]
1653: 16 December – Cromwell is made Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.[8]
1654:
12 April – Cromwell creates a union between England and Scotland, with Scottish representation in the Parliament of England.[9]
