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1826

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1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1826th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 826th year of the 2nd millennium, the 26th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1826, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[edit]

January–March[edit]

• January 15 – The French newspaper Le Figaro begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly.
• January 17 – The Ballantyne printing business in Edinburgh (Scotland) crashes, ruining novelist Sir Walter Scott as a principal investor. He undertakes to repay his creditors from his writings. His publisher, Archibald Constable, also fails.^[1]
• January 18 – The Siege of Bharatpur ends in British victory.
• January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales.
• February 6 – First printing of James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Last of the Mohicans, in Philadelphia.
• February 8 – Unitarian Bernardino Rivadavia becomes the first President of Argentina.
• February 11
  • University College London is founded, under the name University of London.
  • Swaminarayan writes the Shikshapatri, an important text within Swaminarayan Hinduism.
• February 13 – The American Temperance Society is founded.
• February 23 – Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky develops non-Euclidean geometry (independently of Janos Bolyai).
• February 24 – The Treaty of Yandabo ends the First Anglo-Burmese War; Britain gains Assam, Manipur, Rakhine and Tanintharyi.^[2]
• March 1 – Male Indian elephant Chunee, which was brought to London in 1811, is killed at a menagerie after running amok the week before, killing one of his keepers. After arsenic and shooting fail, the animal is stabbed to death.^[3]
• March 10 – John VI (Dom João VI), King of Portugal and former Emperor of Brazil, dies after a short illness that had started six days earlier, after he had been served dinner while visiting Jerónimos Monastery. An investigative autopsy 174 years later will discover that he had been killed by arsenic poisoning. His son, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, sails back to Portugal and briefly reigns as King Pedro IV, before turning over the Portuguese throne to his daughter, Maria.
• March – Premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13 in B♭ major, Op. 130 in its original form with his Grosse Fuge (later Op. 133) as the final movement, given by the Schuppanzigh Quartet.

April–June[edit]

• April 1 – Samuel Morey patents an internal combustion engine in the United States.
• April 10 – The Third Siege of Missolonghi ends, with the massacre of thousands of Greek defenders by the Ottoman besiegers.
• May 5 – The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, designed by George Stephenson and Joseph Locke, and which in 1830 is to become the world's first purpose-built alien railway operated by steam locomotives to be opened, is authorised by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.^[4]
• May 28 – Pedro I of Brazil abdicates as King of Portugal.
• June – Photography: Nicéphore Niépce makes the first true photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras.
• June 14–15 – The Auspicious Incident: Mahmud II, sultan of the Ottoman Empire, crushes the last mutiny of janissariesinIstanbul.
• June 20 – Burney Treaty signed in Bangkok between the United Kingdom and the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam securing British power in southeast Asia.^[5]
• June 21 – Greek War of Independence: The attempted Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani begins.
• June 22 – The Pan-American Congress of Panama tries (unsuccessfully) to unify the republics of the Americas.

July–September[edit]

• July – Ludwig van Beethoven puts the finishing touches on the String Quartet No. 14 in C♯ minor, Op. 131, the jewel in the crown of his late string quartets.
• July 4 – Former U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.
• July 25 (O.S.: July 13) – Five leaders of the Decembrist revoltof1825 in Russia (Pyotr Kakhovsky, Pavel Pestel, poet Kondraty Ryleyev, Sergey Muravyov-Apostol and Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin) are hanged in Senate Square, Saint Petersburg (where they had launched their attempted coup) and others begin their journey to exile in Siberia.
• July 26 – Cayetano Ripoll becomes the last person to be executed by the Spanish Inquisition at its last auto-da-fé, held in Valencia.
• August – The town of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire suffers a landslide; those killed include the Willey Family, after whom Mount Willey is named.
• August 10 – The first Cowes Regatta is held on the Isle of Wight, in the U.K.^[6]
• August 18 – Scottish explorer Alexander Gordon Laing becomes the first European to reach Timbuktu^[7] but is murdered there on September 26.
• September 21 – Construction of the Rideau Canal begins in Canada.
• September – William Morgan (anti-Mason)ofBatavia, New York, disappears mysteriously. It is highly likely he was murdered by freemasons.

October–December[edit]

• October 1 – The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway opens in Scotland.^[8]
• October 7 – The first train operates over the Granite RailwayinMassachusetts.^[9][10]
• November 3 – The Paris Stock Exchange opens at the Palais de la Bourse.^[11][12]
• December 16 – Benjamin W. Edwards rides into Mexican-controlled Nacogdoches, Texas, and declares himself ruler of the Republic of Fredonia.
• December 21 – Fredonian Rebellion: American settlers in Mexican Texas make the first attempt to secede from Mexico, establishing the Republic of Fredonia, which will survive for just over a month.
• December 25
  • The Eggnog Riot breaks out at the United States Military AcademyinWest Point, New York during the early morning hours.
  • Major Edmund Lockyer arrives at King George Sound to take possession of the western part of Australia, establishing a settlement near Albany.

Date unknown[edit]

• The British East India Company colony of the Straits Settlements is established.
• Aniline is first isolated, from the destructive distillationofindigo, by Otto Unverdorben.^[13]
• Mahmud II's council orders the janissaries to drill in the European manner.

Births[edit]

January–June[edit]

• January 1 – Mikhail Loris-Melikov, Russian statesman, general (d. 1888)
• January 12 – William Chapman Ralston, American banker, financier (d. 1875)
• January 15 – Marie Pasteur, French chemist (d. 1910)
• January 24 – William Daniel, American temperance movement leader (d. 1897)
• January 26 – Louis Favre, Swiss engineer (d. 1879)
• January 27
  • Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Russian writer (d. 1889)
  • Richard Taylor, American Confederate general (d. 1879)
• January 30 – Robert F. R. Lewis, American naval officer (d. 1881)
• February 3 – Walter Bagehot, English economist and journalist (d. 1877)
• February 7 – James Edward Jouett, American admiral (d. 1902)
• February 9 – John A. Logan, American soldier, political leader (d. 1886)
• February 15 – George Johnstone Stoney, Anglo-Irish physicist (d. 1911)
• February 16
  • Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen, Danish chemist (d. 1909)
  • Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet (d. 1886)
  • Julia Grant, First Lady of the United States (d. 1902)
• March 3 – Joseph Wharton, American industrialist (d. 1909)
• March 4
  • John Buford, American general (d. 1863)
  • Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (d. 1863)
• March 24 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American feminist (d. 1898)
• March 29 – Wilhelm Liebknecht, German journalist, politician (d. 1900)
• April 3
  • Cyrus K. Holliday, cofounder of Topeka, Kansas, first president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (d. 1900)
  • Reginald Heber, English priest (b. 1783)^[14]
• April 6 – Gustave Moreau, French painter (d. 1898)
• May 3 – King Charles XV of Sweden and Norway (d. 1872)
• May 4 – Frederic Edwin Church, American painter (d. 1900)
• May 7 – Varina Davis, First Lady of the Confederate States of America (d. 1906)
• May 8 – Miguel Ângelo Lupi, Portuguese painter (d. 1883)
• May 24 – Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin, Swiss international women's rights activist, pacifist (d. 1899)
• May 26 – Richard Christopher Carrington, English astronomer (d. 1875)
• May 28 – Benjamin Gratz Brown, American politician (d. 1885)
• June 24 – George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (d. 1898)
• June 26 – Warren F. Daniell, American politician (d. 1913)
• June 30 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (d. 1915)

July–December[edit]

• July 4
  • Stephen Foster, American songwriter, poet (d. 1864)
  • Green Clay Smith, American temperance movement leader (d. 1895)
• July 8 – Benjamin Grierson, American Civil War general (d. 1911)
• July 31 – William S. Clark, American chemist, 3rd President of the Massachusetts Agricultural College (d. 1886)
• August 7 – August Ahlqvist, Finnish professor, poet, scholar of the Finno-Ugric languages, author, and literary critic (d. 1889)^[15]
• August 11 – Andrew Jackson Davis, American spiritualist (d. 1910)
• August 21 – Carl Gegenbaur, German anatomist, professor (d. 1903)
• September 8 – Sir James Corry, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1891)
• September 17 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (d. 1866)
• October 8 – Emily Blackwell, American physician (d. 1910)
• October 24 – Léopold Victor Delisle, French medievalist and Administrator General of the Bibliotheque Nationale
• November 10 – Jacob Hamburger, German rabbi and author (d. 1911)^[16]
• November 24 – Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (d. 1890)
• November 27 – Jonathan Young, United States Navy commodore (d. 1885)
• December 3 – George B. McClellan, American general, politician (d. 1885)
• December 8 – John Brown, Scottish personal servant and favourite of Queen Victoria (d. 1883)

Date unknown[edit]

• Cetshwayo kaMpande, Zulu king (d. 1884)
• Ellen Morton Littlejohn, American quilter (d. 1899)

Deaths[edit]

January–June[edit]

• January 3
  • Marie Le Masson Le Golft, French naturalist (b. 1750)
  • Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (b. 1770)
• January 17 – Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer (b. 1806)
• January 23 – Abraham Woodhull, Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1750)
• February 17 – John Manners-Sutton, British politician (b. 1752)
• March 10 – King John VI of Portugal (b. 1767)
• March 29 – Johann Heinrich Voss, German poet (b. 1751)
• April 11 – Anton Walter, Austrian piano maker (b. 1752)
• April 25 – Karl Ludwig von Phull, German military leader (b. 1757)
• May 4 – Sebastián Kindelán y O'Regan, Spanish colonial governor in Cuba (b. 1757)
• May 7 – Sophie Hagman, Swedish ballerina, royal mistress (b. 1758)
• May 16
  • Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna, consort of Alexander I of Russia (b. 1779)
  • Joseph Holt, 1798 United Irish rebel general (b. 1756)
• June 3 – Nikolay Karamzin, Russian language reformer (b. 1766)
• June 5 – Carl Maria von Weber, German composer (b. 1786)
• June 7 – Joseph von Fraunhofer, German optician (b. 1787)

July–December[edit]

• July 4
  • John Adams, 90, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)^[17]
  • Thomas Jefferson, 83, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
• July 5
  • Joseph Proust, French chemist (b. 1754)
  • Stamford Raffles, British colonial governor, founder of Singapore (b. 1781)
• July 8 – Luther Martin, delegate to the American Constitutional Convention (b. 1746)
• July 22 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (b. 1746)
• July 25 – Sergey Muravyov-Apostol, Russian Army officer (b. 1796)
• July 26 – James Winchester, American general and politician (b. 1752)
• August 2 – George Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea, English cricketer (b. 1752)
• August 13 – René Laennec, French physician (b. 1781)
• August 15 – Hanne Tott, Danish circus artist, manager (b. 1771)
• August 28 – Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (b. 1752)
• September 7 – Robert Wright (politician), American politician (b. 1752)
• September 12 – Eliphalet Pearson, American educator (b. 1752)
• October 8 – Marie-Guillemine Benoist, French painter (b. 1768)
• October 25 – Philippe Pinel, French physician (b. 1745)
• November 17 – Caroline Müller, Danish opera singer (b. 1755)
• November 23 – Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer (b. 1747)
• December 11 – Queen-Empress Maria Leopoldina, consort of Pedro IV of Portugal & I of Brazil (b. 1797)

References[edit]

^  Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "HAMBURGER, JACOB". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.