Jump to content

Main menu Navigation ●Main page ●Contents ●Current events ●Random article ●About Wikipedia ●Contact us ●Donate Contribute ●Help ●Learn to edit ●Community portal ●Recent changes ●Upload file

●Create account ●Log in ●Create account ● Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more ●Contributions ●Talk

(Top) 1 1889 1.1 Schedule 2 1897 2.1 Schedule 3 1898 3.1 Schedule 4 1899 4.1 Schedule 5 1900 5.1 Schedule 6 1901 6.1 Schedule 7 1902 7.1 Schedule 8 1903 8.1 Schedule 9 1904 9.1 Schedule 10 1905 10.1 Schedule 11 1906 11.1 Schedule 12 1907 12.1 Schedule 13 1908 13.1 Schedule 14 1909 14.1 Schedule 15 References

South Dakota State football, 1889–1909

Add links ●Article ●Talk ●Read ●Edit ●View history Tools Actions ●Read ●Edit ●View history General ●What links here ●Related changes ●Upload file ●Special pages ●Permanent link ●Page information ●Cite this page ●Get shortened URL ●Download QR code ●Wikidata item Print/export ●Download as PDF ●Printable version Appearance From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from 1903 South Dakota Agricultural football team)

The South Dakota State Jackrabbits football program represents South Dakota State UniversityinAmerican football. This article covers the history of the program in the first two decades. Prior to 1904, the school was known as the South Dakota Agricultural College. In 1904, the school was renamed South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The team played its home games at Brookings, South Dakota.

Significant milestones in the period covered include the following:

South Dakota Agricultural began competing in intercollegiate football in 1889, eight years after the school was founded. The team played a single game against the University of South Dakota in 1889, ending in a 6–6 tie. It was the first game in the South Dakota–South Dakota State football rivalry. South Dakota State did not win a game in that rivalry until 30 years later in 1919.^[1]

After a seven-year hiatus, the program resumed intercollegiate play in 1897 with a game against the University of Sioux Falls, ending in a 22–0 loss.^[1]

In 1898, South Dakota Agricultural won its first football game, a 62–0 victory over a team from Watertown, South Dakota.^[1]

The 1899 team compiled the program's first winning record of 3–1, including shut out victories over Huron College (55–0) and Madison Normal (23–0) and ending with a 57–0 loss to Mitchell University.^[1]

In 1903, the team commenced its rivalry with North Dakota State, now known for the Dakota Marker trophy. North Dakota State won the inaugural game by an 85–0 score. It remains the worst loss in program history, followed by an 81–0 loss to Minnesota in 1905 and an 86–6 loss to Kansas in 1947.^[1]

In 1908, the team won its first rivalry game with North Dakota State, prevailing by an 11–5 score.^[1]

Regular opponents during the first two decades included the Flandreau Indian School, the Yankton College, the Huron University, Madison Normal School (now known as Dakota State University), and Dakota University at Mitchell (now known as Dakota Wesleyan University).

1889[edit]

1889 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	0–0–1
Head coach	None
Seasons 1897 →

1889 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Miami (OH)		–		4	–	0	–	0
Butler		–		2	–	0	–	0
Washington University		–		2	–	0	–	0
Iowa College		–		1	–	0	–	0
Lake Forest		–		1	–	0	–	0
Notre Dame		–		1	–	0	–	0
South Dakota		–		1	–	0	–	1
Minnesota		–		3	–	1	–	0
Purdue		–		2	–	1	–	0
South Dakota Agricultural		–		0	–	0	–	1
Northwestern		–		2	–	2	–	0
Cincinnati		–		1	–	1	–	0
Wabash		–		1	–	1	–	0
Michigan		–		1	–	2	–	0
Indiana		–		0	–	1	–	1
Iowa		–		0	–	1	–	0
Wisconsin		–		0	–	2	–	0

The 1889 South Dakota Agricultural football team represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1889 college football season. In their first season of existence, they played in one game, a 6–6 tie against the University of South Dakota.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result
1889	South Dakota	(rivalry)	T 6–6

1897[edit]

1897 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	0–1
Head coach	None
Seasons ← 1889 1898 →

1897 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Butler		–		3	–	0	–	0
Fairmount		–		1	–	0	–	0
Washburn		–		7	–	1	–	0
Cincinnati		–		9	–	1	–	1
Iowa State Normal		–		5	–	1	–	0
Ohio Wesleyan		–		7	–	1	–	1
Indiana		–		6	–	1	–	1
Ohio		–		7	–	2	–	0
Carthage		–		3	–	1	–	0
Iowa Agricultural		–		3	–	1	–	0
Notre Dame		–		4	–	1	–	1
Michigan Agricultural		–		4	–	2	–	1
Central Michigan		–		2	–	1	–	0
Baldwin–Wallace		–		2	–	1	–	1
Chicago Dental Infirmary		–		2	–	2	–	1
Missouri		–		5	–	6	–	0
Lake Forest		–		4	–	5	–	1
Drake		–		2	–	3	–	0
Heidelberg		–		2	–	3	–	0
Detroit College		–		1	–	2	–	0
Indiana Normal		–		1	–	4	–	0
Kansas State		–		1	–	2	–	1
Mount Union		–		2	–	4	–	1
Rush Medical College		–		1	–	4	–	1
DePauw		–		2	–	6	–	0
Wittenberg		–		2	–	6	–	0
Haskell		–		1	–	4	–	0
Indiana State Normal		–		1	–	4	–	0
Ohio State		–		1	–	7	–	1
South Dakota Agricultural		–		0	–	1	–	0
Washington University		–		0	–	2	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		0	–	3	–	0

The 1897 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1897 college football season. In their first season since 1889, they played in one game, a 22–0 loss against Sioux Falls.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result
1897	Sioux Falls		L 0–22

1898[edit]

1898 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	1–1–1
Head coach	Bert H. Morrison (1st season)
Seasons ← 1897 1899 →

1898 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Washington University		–		6	–	0	–	0
Detroit College		–		5	–	0	–	0
Carthage		–		3	–	0	–	0
Iowa State Normal		–		4	–	0	–	1
Washburn		–		4	–	0	–	1
Kansas		–		7	–	1	–	0
Cincinnati		–		5	–	1	–	3
Indiana		–		4	–	1	–	2
Nebraska		–		8	–	3	–	0
Drake		–		4	–	2	–	0
Lake Forest		–		2	–	1	–	0
Notre Dame		–		4	–	2	–	0
Western Reserve		–		5	–	3	–	0
Butler		–		2	–	1	–	1
Heidelberg		–		4	–	3	–	0
Michigan Agricultural		–		4	–	3	–	0
Iowa State		–		3	–	2	–	0
Kansas State		–		1	–	1	–	2
Miami (OH)		–		1	–	1	–	0
South Dakota Agricultural		–		1	–	1	–	1
DePauw		–		3	–	4	–	2
Iowa		–		3	–	4	–	2
Ohio		–		1	–	2	–	1
Ohio State		–		3	–	5	–	0
Baldwin–Wallace		–		2	–	4	–	0
Central Michigan		–		1	–	2	–	0
Indiana State Normal		–		1	–	2	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		1	–	2	–	0
Wabash		–		2	–	5	–	1
Ohio Wesleyan		–		2	–	5	–	0
Haskell		–		2	–	7	–	0
Missouri		–		1	–	4	–	1
Wittenberg		–		1	–	5	–	1
Fairmount		–		0	–	1	–	0

The 1898 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In its first season under head coach Bert H. Morrison, the team compiled a 1–1–1 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
	Watertown		W 62–0
	Yankton		T 0–0
	Sioux Falls (city)		L 6–11

1899[edit]

1899 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	3–1
Head coach	Bert H. Morrison (2nd season)
Seasons ← 1898 1900 →

1899 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Kansas		–		10	–	0	–	0
North Dakota		–		6	–	0	–	0
Detroit College		–		5	–	0	–	0
Ohio State		–		9	–	0	–	1
Iowa		–		8	–	0	–	1
Washington University		–		5	–	1	–	0
Missouri		–		9	–	2	–	0
Chicago P&S		–		4	–	1	–	0
Mount Union		–		5	–	1	–	1
Indiana		–		6	–	2	–	0
South Dakota Agricultural		–		3	–	1	–	0
Wabash		–		1	–	0	–	1
Cincinnati		–		5	–	2	–	0
Drake		–		5	–	2	–	0
Heidelberg		–		5	–	2	–	0
Buchtel		–		2	–	1	–	0
Doane		–		2	–	1	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		1	–	0	–	2
Notre Dame		–		6	–	3	–	1
Central Michigan		–		3	–	2	–	0
Fairmount		–		2	–	1	–	2
Carthage		–		3	–	2	–	1
Western Reserve		–		5	–	4	–	0
Wittenberg		–		5	–	4	–	0
Iowa State		–		5	–	4	–	1
Rush Medical		–		3	–	3	–	1
Ohio		–		2	–	2	–	0
Ohio Wesleyan		–		5	–	5	–	0
Haskell		–		4	–	5	–	0
Lake Forest		–		4	–	6	–	2
Kansas State		–		2	–	3	–	0
Michigan Agricultural		–		2	–	4	–	1
Iowa State Normal		–		1	–	3	–	2
Washburn		–		2	–	5	–	2
Butler		–		1	–	3	–	0
Miami (OH)		–		1	–	5	–	0
Nebraska		–		1	–	7	–	1
North Dakota Agricultural		–		0	–	1	–	0
Baldwin–Wallace		–		0	–	4	–	0

The 1899 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1899 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Bert H. Morrison, the team compiled a 3–1 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result
	Madison Normal		W 12–5
	Huron		W 55–0
	Madison Normal		W 23–0
November 20	atMitchell	Mitchell, South Dakota	L 0–57

1900[edit]

1900 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	3–2
Head coach	James Hutchinson (1st season)
Seasons ← 1899 1901 →

1900 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Central Michigan		–		1	–	0	–	0
Lake Forest		–		1	–	0	–	0
Haskell		–		9	–	1	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		8	–	1	–	1
Ohio State		–		8	–	1	–	1
Nebraska		–		6	–	1	–	1
Beloit		–		7	–	1	–	2
Kirksville Osteopaths		–		7	–	2	–	1
Washburn		–		6	–	2	–	0
Wittenberg		–		5	–	2	–	1
Drake		–		6	–	3	–	0
Doane		–		2	–	1	–	0
Notre Dame		–		6	–	3	–	1
Fairmount		–		5	–	3	–	0
Detroit College		–		3	–	2	–	0
South Dakota Agricultural		–		3	–	2	–	0
Washington University		–		3	–	2	–	1
Carthage		–		4	–	3	–	0
Wabash		–		5	–	4	–	0
Missouri		–		4	–	4	–	1
Northern Illinois State		–		2	–	2	–	2
Iowa State Normal		–		3	–	4	–	1
Buchtel		–		2	–	3	–	1
Cincinnati		–		3	–	5	–	1
Ohio		–		2	–	4	–	1
Kansas State		–		2	–	4	–	0
Kansas		–		2	–	5	–	2
Ohio Wesleyan		–		2	–	5	–	2
Iowa State		–		2	–	5	–	1
Butler		–		0	–	1	–	3
Heidelberg		–		0	–	2	–	2
Michigan Agricultural		–		1	–	3	–	0
Chicago P&S		–		1	–	3	–	0
Mount Union		–		1	–	4	–	1
Miami (OH)		–		0	–	4	–	0

The 1900 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1900 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach James Hutchinson, they compiled a 3–2 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
November 3	Flandreau Indian School	S.D.A.C. athletic grounds Brookings, SD	W 23–0	^[2]
	Yankton		W 17–0
	Huron		W 38–0
	Mitchell		L 5–22
November 16	South Dakota	Athletic Park Brookings, SD (rivalry)	L 0–17	^[3]

1901[edit]

1901 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	3–2
Head coach	None
Seasons ← 1900 1902 →

1901 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Saint Louis		–		10	–	0	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		7	–	0	–	0
Marquette		–		4	–	0	–	1
Northern Illinois State		–		6	–	1	–	0
Notre Dame		–		8	–	1	–	1
Ohio Wesleyan		–		8	–	2	–	0
Kirksville Osteopaths		–		10	–	3	–	0
Nebraska		–		6	–	2	–	0
Ohio		–		6	–	1	–	2
Doane		–		3	–	1	–	0
Haskell		–		6	–	2	–	0
Lake Forest		–		10	–	5	–	0
Ohio State		–		5	–	3	–	1
Washington University		–		5	–	3	–	1
Ohio Medical		–		5	–	3	–	1
Iowa State Normal		–		5	–	3	–	2
South Dakota Agricultural		–		3	–	2	–	0
Beloit		–		5	–	3	–	3
Washburn		–		3	–	2	–	3
Carthage		–		1	–	1	–	0
Drake		–		4	–	4	–	0
Detroit College		–		3	–	3	–	0
Mount Union		–		5	–	5	–	1
Wittenberg		–		4	–	4	–	0
Kansas State		–		3	–	4	–	1
Michigan Agricultural		–		3	–	4	–	1
Iowa State		–		2	–	6	–	2
Kansas		–		3	–	5	–	2
Wabash		–		4	–	7	–	0
Fairmount		–		3	–	6	–	0
Heidelberg		–		1	–	3	–	1
Miami (OH)		–		1	–	3	–	1
Cincinnati		–		1	–	4	–	1
Case		–		2	–	7	–	0
Missouri		–		1	–	6	–	1
Butler		–		0	–	1	–	0
Chicago Eclectic Medical		–		0	–	3	–	0

The 1901 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1901 college football season. The team compiled a 3–2 record.^[4]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
October 19	atHuron	Huron, SD	W 38–0	^[5]^[6]
November 5	Yankton	Athletic park Brookings, SD	W 17–0	^[7]
November 9	Flandreau Indian School	Athletic park Brookings, SD	W 42–0	^[8]
November 21	atSouth Dakota	Vermillion, SD	L 0–22 (rivalry)	^[9]
November	atMitchell	Mitchell, SD	L 5–22	^[10]

1902[edit]

1902 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	3–2
Head coach	L. L. Gilkey (1st season)
Home stadium	Athletic Park
Seasons ← 1901 1903 →

1902 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Nebraska		–		9	–	0	–	0
South Dakota		–		9	–	0	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		4	–	0	–	0
Central Michigan		–		4	–	0	–	0
Ohio Medical		–		9	–	1	–	0
Marquette		–		6	–	1	–	1
Knox		–		9	–	2	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		5	–	1	–	1
Haskell		–		8	–	2	–	1
Notre Dame		–		6	–	2	–	1
Drake		–		5	–	2	–	1
Mount Union		–		6	–	3	–	0
Iowa State		–		6	–	3	–	1
Carthage		–		2	–	1	–	1
Cincinnati		–		4	–	2	–	2
Missouri		–		5	–	3	–	0
Miami (OH)		–		5	–	3	–	1
Kansas		–		6	–	4	–	0
South Dakota Agricultural		–		3	–	2	–	0
Fairmount		–		4	–	3	–	1
Detroit College		–		3	–	3	–	0
Lake Forest		–		4	–	4	–	1
Western Illinois		–		2	–	2	–	0
Michigan Agricultural		–		4	–	5	–	0
Wittenberg		–		3	–	4	–	2
Washburn		–		3	–	4	–	0
Doane		–		2	–	3	–	0
Heidelberg		–		3	–	5	–	1
Wabash		–		2	–	4	–	2
Buchtel		–		2	–	5	–	0
Washington University		–		2	–	6	–	1
Butler		–		1	–	3	–	0
Kansas State		–		2	–	6	–	0
Michigan State Normal		–		1	–	5	–	1
Iowa State Normal		–		1	–	6	–	1
Ohio		–		0	–	5	–	1

The 1902 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1902 college football season. The team compiled a 3–2 record.^[1]

The team began the season with L. L. Gilkey as its coach, but he was released in late October due to the lack of funds in the Athletic Association. Gilkey then returned to his regular work purchasing chickens for the Huron Produce Co.^[11]

The 1902 football season in South Dakota witnessed the death of Harry Jordan, a young man from Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and led to the cancellation of games in that city.^[12] At the end of the season, an editorial was published in The Daily Argus-Leader from a correspondent in Britton, South Dakota, proposing a bill "to abolish football within the precincts of South Dakota." The appeal was based on the loss of life and "mutilation" during the prior football season, the loss of study time, and the game's tendency to promote "immorality", including betting, rioting, debauchery, and "the refinement of cruelty, needless senseless cruelty." The author denounced: "That so savage and barbarious a game can meet with the approval of Christian educators and ministers of the gospel in the year of our Lord 1902 is one of the amazing exhibitions of the century."^[13]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
October	Huron		W 17–0
October 18	Flandreau Indian School	Athletic Park Brookings, SD	L 5–6	^[14]
November 7	South Dakota Mines		W 17–5	^[15]
November 8	Flandreau Indian School	College gridiron Brookings, SD	W 28–0	^[16]
November 20	South Dakota	Brookings, SD (rivalry)	L 0–10	^[17]

^[1]

1903[edit]

1903 South Dakota Agricultural football
Conference	Independent
Record	1–2
Head coach	None
Home stadium	Athletic Park
Seasons ← 1902 1904 →

1903 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Nebraska		–		11	–	0	–	0
North Dakota		–		7	–	0	–	0
Central Michigan		–		6	–	0	–	0
Notre Dame		–		8	–	0	–	1
Iowa State		–		8	–	1	–	0
Marquette		–		7	–	1	–	0
Lake Forest		–		6	–	1	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		5	–	1	–	0
Haskell		–		7	–	2	–	0
St. Xavier		–		7	–	2	–	0
Fairmount		–		6	–	2	–	0
Wabash		–		9	–	3	–	0
Wittenberg		–		5	–	2	–	1
Doane		–		2	–	1	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		4	–	2	–	0
American Medical		–		6	–	3	–	0
Kansas		–		6	–	3	–	0
Drake		–		5	–	3	–	0
Kirksville Osteopaths		–		5	–	3	–	0
Iowa State Normal		–		4	–	3	–	1
Ohio Medical		–		5	–	4	–	0
Michigan State Normal		–		4	–	4	–	0
Washington University		–		4	–	4	–	2
Heidelberg		–		3	–	4	–	2
Kansas State		–		3	–	4	–	1
Detroit College		–		3	–	4	–	0
Shurtleff		–		2	–	4	–	1
Ohio		–		2	–	4	–	0
South Dakota Agricultural		–		1	–	2	–	0
Mount Union		–		2	–	5	–	1
DePauw		–		2	–	6	–	1
Miami (OH)		–		1	–	4	–	0
Missouri		–		1	–	7	–	1
Western Illinois		–		0	–	3	–	1
Cincinnati		–		1	–	8	–	0
Baldwin–Wallace		–		0	–	1	–	0
Buchtel		–		0	–	2	–	0
Butler		–		0	–	3	–	0
Chicago P&S		–		0	–	4	–	0

The 1903 South Dakota Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota Agricultural College as an independent during the 1903 college football season. The team compiled a 1–2 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
October 19	atNorth Dakota Agricultral	Fargo, ND (rivalry)	L 0–85	^[18]
November 7	Flandreau Indian School	Athletic Park Brookings, SD	W 22–0	^[19]
November 13	atHuron	Huron, SD	L 0–11	^[20]

1904[edit]

1904 South Dakota State football
Conference	Independent
Record	4–2–1
Head coach	J. Harrison Werner (1st season)
Home stadium	Athletic Park
Seasons ← 1903 1905 →

1904 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Saint Louis		–		10	–	0	–	0
Bethany (KS)		–		7	–	0	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		5	–	0	–	0
Missouri State Normal		–		2	–	0	–	0
Haskell		–		8	–	1	–	0
Michigan Agricultural		–		8	–	1	–	0
Cincinnati		–		7	–	1	–	0
Butler		–		6	–	1	–	0
Doane		–		5	–	1	–	0
Kansas		–		8	–	1	–	1
DePauw		–		8	–	2	–	0
Iowa State		–		7	–	2	–	0
Ohio Northern		–		7	–	2	–	1
Michigan State Normal		–		6	–	2	–	0
Wittenberg		–		6	–	2	–	0
Marquette		–		5	–	2	–	0
Nebraska		–		7	–	3	–	0
Detroit College		–		4	–	2	–	0
South Dakota State		–		4	–	2	–	1
Notre Dame		–		5	–	3	–	0
Iowa State Normal		–		5	–	3	–	1
Western Illinois		–		6	–	4	–	0
Heidelberg		–		6	–	4	–	1
Drake		–		5	–	4	–	0
Carthage		–		0	–	0	–	2
North Dakota Agricultural		–		3	–	3	–	0
Wabash		–		4	–	4	–	0
Fairmount		–		4	–	5	–	0
Lake Forest		–		3	–	5	–	1
Ohio Medical		–		2	–	4	–	2
Washington University		–		4	–	7	–	0
Ohio		–		2	–	4	–	1
Missouri		–		3	–	6	–	0
Mount Union		–		2	–	6	–	0
Miami (OH)		–		1	–	5	–	0
Kansas State		–		1	–	6	–	0
American Medical		–		0	–	3	–	0

The 1904 South Dakota State football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts as an independent during the 1904 college football season. In its first and only year under head coach J. Harrison Werner, the team compiled a 4–2–1 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Time	Opponent	Site	Result	Attendance	Source
October 1	3:07 p.m.	Flandreau Indian School	Brookings, SD	W 15–0		^[21]
October 8		Madison Normal	Brookings, SD	W 11–5		^[22]
October 21	3:00 p.m.	Mitchell	Athletic Park Brookings, SD	L 5–6		^[23]
October 29		vs. Huron	DeSmet, SD	W 15–0		^[24]
November 4		atSouth Dakota	Vermillion, SD (rivalry)	T 6–6		^[25]^[26]
November 18		Pipestone High School	Athletic Park Brookings, SD	W 38–0		^[27]
November 25	2:30 p.m.	at Mitchell	Athletic Park Mitchell, SD	L 0–10	1,000	^[28]^[29]

1905[edit]

1905 South Dakota State football
Conference	Independent
Record	2–3
Head coach	William Blaine (1st season)
Seasons ← 1904 1906 →

1905 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Detroit College		–		1	–	0	–	0
Kansas		–		10	–	1	–	0
Central Michigan		–		7	–	1	–	0
Doane		–		5	–	1	–	0
Nebraska		–		9	–	2	–	0
Saint Louis		–		7	–	2	–	0
Butler		–		7	–	2	–	1
Kansas State		–		6	–	2	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		3	–	1	–	1
Carthage		–		4	–	2	–	0
Western Illinois		–		4	–	2	–	0
Iowa State		–		6	–	3	–	0
Washington University		–		7	–	3	–	2
Wittenberg		–		7	–	4	–	0
Heidelberg		–		6	–	4	–	0
Iowa State Normal		–		5	–	3	–	2
Cincinnati		–		5	–	3	–	0
Miami (OH)		–		4	–	3	–	0
Missouri		–		5	–	4	–	0
Notre Dame		–		5	–	4	–	0
Fairmount		–		5	–	4	–	1
Haskell		–		5	–	4	–	1
Lake Forest		–		6	–	5	–	0
Wabash		–		6	–	5	–	0
Drake		–		4	–	4	–	0
Michigan State Normal		–		4	–	4	–	0
Marquette		–		3	–	4	–	0
South Dakota State		–		2	–	3	–	0
Ohio		–		2	–	5	–	2
DePauw		–		3	–	6	–	0
Mount Union		–		2	–	6	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		1	–	4	–	1
Baldwin–Wallace		–		0	–	1	–	0
Chicago P&S		–		0	–	1	–	0
St. Mary's (OH)		–		0	–	3	–	0

The 1905 South Dakota State football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts as an independent during the 1905 college football season. In its first and only year under head coach William Blaine, the team compiled a 2–3 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Time	Opponent	Site	Result	Attendance	Source
October 7	2:00 p.m.	Flandreau Indian School	City base ball park Brookings, SD	W 46–0		^[30]^[31]
October 21		Madison High School	Athletic Park Brookings, SD	W 28–0		^[32]
October 27	2:30 p.m.	Mitchell	Brookings, SD	L 0–24		^[33]
November 11		Minnesota	Northrop Field Minneapolis, MN	L 0–81	1,000	^[34]
November 21		South Dakota	College field Brookings, SD (rivalry)	L 0–17		^[35]

1906[edit]

1906 South Dakota State football
Conference	Independent
Record	3–1
Head coach	William Juneau (1st season)
Home stadium	Ball base park
Seasons ← 1905 1907 →

1906 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Saint Louis		–		11	–	0	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		5	–	0	–	0
Butler		–		1	–	0	–	0
Michigan State Normal		–		5	–	0	–	1
Iowa State		–		9	–	1	–	0
Ohio		–		7	–	1	–	0
Notre Dame		–		6	–	1	–	0
St. Mary's (OH)		–		5	–	1	–	0
Fairmount		–		7	–	1	–	2
Wabash		–		5	–	1	–	1
South Dakota State		–		3	–	1	–	0
Kansas		–		7	–	2	–	2
Michigan Agricultural		–		7	–	2	–	2
Kansas State		–		5	–	2	–	0
Missouri		–		5	–	2	–	1
Detroit College		–		4	–	2	–	1
Northern Illinois State		–		4	–	2	–	1
Carthage		–		3	–	2	–	0
Lake Forest		–		3	–	2	–	0
Nebraska		–		6	–	4	–	0
Wittenberg		–		5	–	4	–	1
Heidelberg		–		3	–	3	–	1
Washington University		–		2	–	2	–	2
Beloit		–		3	–	4	–	1
Franklin		–		3	–	4	–	0
Doane		–		2	–	3	–	0
Shurtleff		–		2	–	4	–	2
Western State Normal (MI)		–		1	–	2	–	0
Mount Union		–		2	–	5	–	1
Drake		–		2	–	5	–	0
Haskell		–		2	–	5	–	0
Marquette		–		1	–	4	–	2
Chicago P&S		–		0	–	1	–	1
Cincinnati		–		0	–	7	–	2
Western Illinois		–		0	–	3	–	0

The 1906 South Dakota State football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its first year under head coach William Juneau, the team compiled a 3–1 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Attendance	Source
October 13	Huron	Ball base park Brookings, SD	W 36–4		^[36]
November 2	North Dakota	Ball base park Brookings, SD	W 5–4	500	^[37]
November 15	atDakota Wesleyan	Mitchell, SD	W 11–4		^[38]
November 22	atSouth Dakota	Vermillion, SD (rivalry)	L 0–22		^[39]

1907[edit]

1907 South Dakota State football
Conference	Independent
Record	5–2
Head coach	William Juneau (2nd season)
Captain	Charles Coughlin
Home stadium	Fair grounds
Seasons ← 1906 1908 →

1907 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Marquette		–		6	–	0	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		3	–	0	–	0
Notre Dame		–		6	–	0	–	1
Miami (OH)		–		6	–	1	–	0
Michigan		–		5	–	1	–	0
Mount Union		–		9	–	2	–	0
Fairmount		–		8	–	2	–	0
Iowa State		–		6	–	2	–	0
Lake Forest		–		4	–	1	–	1
South Dakota State		–		5	–	2	–	0
St. Vincent's (IL)		–		5	–	2	–	0
Wabash		–		5	–	2	–	0
Saint Louis		–		7	–	3	–	0
Michigan Agricultural		–		4	–	2	–	1
Western State Normal		–		4	–	2	–	1
Kansas State		–		5	–	3	–	0
Michigan State Normal		–		3	–	2	–	0
Wittenberg		–		5	–	4	–	0
Central Michigan		–		3	–	3	–	0
Drake		–		3	–	4	–	1
Ohio		–		3	–	4	–	1
Western Illinois		–		2	–	3	–	0
Franklin		–		3	–	5	–	1
Heidelberg		–		2	–	4	–	1
Butler		–		1	–	3	–	2
Carthage		–		2	–	5	–	0
Haskell		–		2	–	6	–	1
Chicago P&S		–		1	–	3	–	0
Detroit College		–		1	–	3	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		1	–	4	–	1
Doane		–		1	–	5	–	0
St. Mary's (OH)		–		0	–	4	–	0
Baldwin–Wallace		–		0	–	6	–	0

The 1907 South Dakota State football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts as an independent during the 1907 college football season. In its second and final year under head coach William Juneau, the team compiled a 5–2 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
October 12	Huron	Brookings, SD	L 0–4	^[40]
October 19	Flandreau Indian School	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	W 46–0	^[41]
October 26	Toland's Business College	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	W 29–0	^[42]
November 1	atNorth Dakota	Grand Forks, ND	L 6–24	^[43]
November 8	Dakota Wesleyan	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	W 5–0	^[44]^[45]
November 16	atYankton	Yankton, SD	W 12–10	^[46]
November 22 (?)	Huron		W 8–4	^[47]

1908[edit]

1908 South Dakota State football
1908 South Dakota State football team
Conference	Independent
Record	3–3–1
Head coach	Jason M. Saunderson (1st season)
Home stadium	Fair grounds
Seasons ← 1907 1909 →

1908 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Kirksville Normal		–		8	–	0	–	0
Miami (OH)		–		7	–	0	–	0
Iowa State Normal		–		5	–	0	–	0
St. Mary's (OH)		–		7	–	0	–	1
DePaul		–		6	–	0	–	1
Butler		–		5	–	0	–	1
Ohio Northern		–		9	–	1	–	0
Fairmount		–		8	–	1	–	0
Notre Dame		–		8	–	1	–	0
Michigan Agricultural		–		6	–	0	–	2
Lake Forest		–		4	–	1	–	1
Saint Louis		–		6	–	2	–	2
Kansas State		–		6	–	2	–	0
Michigan		–		5	–	2	–	1
Marquette		–		4	–	2	–	1
St. Viator		–		5	–	3	–	0
Central Michigan		–		4	–	3	–	0
Mount Union		–		5	–	4	–	1
Doane		–		4	–	4	–	0
South Dakota State		–		3	–	3	–	1
Western State Normal (MI)		–		3	–	3	–	0
Buchtel		–		3	–	4	–	0
Western Illinois		–		2	–	3	–	1
Carthage		–		2	–	3	–	0
Haskell		–		3	–	5	–	1
Wittenberg		–		3	–	5	–	1
Ohio		–		3	–	5	–	0
North Dakota Agricultural		–		2	–	3	–	0
Cincinnati		–		1	–	4	–	1
Wabash		–		2	–	6	–	0
Northern Illinois State		–		1	–	5	–	1
Michigan State Normal		–		1	–	4	–	0
Heidelberg		–		1	–	6	–	0
Franklin		–		0	–	9	–	1
Baldwin–Wallace		–		0	–	2	–	0
Chicago P&S		–		0	–	4	–	0

The 1908 South Dakota State football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts as an independent during the 1908 college football season. In its first year under head coach Jason M. Saunderson, the team compiled a 3–3–1 record.^[1]^[48]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
October 10	atNorthern Normal	College grounds Brookings, SD	W 16–0	^[49]
October 23	atNorth Dakota Agricultural	Fargo, ND (rivalry)	W 11–5	^[50]
October 30	Madison Normal	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	T 0–0	^[51]
November 7	St. Thomas (MN)	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	W 29–12	^[52]^[53]
November 13	Yankton	Brookings, SD	L 0–21	^[54]^[55]
	Dakota Wesleyan		L 0–6	^[1]
November 26	atHuron	Huron, SD	L 0–17	^[56]

1909[edit]

1909 South Dakota State football
Conference	Independent
Record	1–3
Head coach	Jason M. Saunderson (2nd season)
Home stadium	Fair grounds
Seasons ← 1908 1910 →

1909 Midwestern college football independents records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Iowa State Normal		–		6	–	0	–	0
Notre Dame		–		7	–	0	–	1
Michigan Agricultural		–		8	–	1	–	0
Carthage		–		6	–	1	–	0
Michigan		–		6	–	1	–	0
Western State Normal (MI)		–		6	–	1	–	0
Mount Union		–		8	–	2	–	0
Lake Forest		–		5	–	1	–	1
Haskell		–		7	–	2	–	0
Detroit College		–		3	–	1	–	2
Butler		–		5	–	3	–	0
Central Michigan		–		4	–	3	–	0
St. Mary's (OH)		–		4	–	3	–	0
Cincinnati		–		4	–	3	–	1
Doane		–		3	–	2	–	3
Buchtel		–		4	–	4	–	0
Rose Poly		–		4	–	4	–	0
Marquette		–		2	–	2	–	1
North Dakota Agricultural		–		2	–	2	–	1
Wabash		–		3	–	4	–	1
Miami (OH)		–		3	–	4	–	0
Ohio		–		2	–	4	–	2
Saint Louis		–		3	–	5	–	0
Michigan State Normal		–		2	–	4	–	0
Western Illinois		–		1	–	2	–	0
Fairmount		–		2	–	5	–	1
Northern Illinois State		–		2	–	6	–	0
South Dakota State		–		1	–	3	–	0
Heidelberg		–		0	–	7	–	2

The 1909 South Dakota State football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In its second year under head coach Jason M. Saunderson, the team compiled a 1–3 record.^[1]

Schedule[edit]

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Source
October 22	North Dakota Agricultural	Fair grounds Brookings, SD (rivalry)	L 5–11	^[57]^[58]
October 29	Dakota Wesleyan	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	L 0–3	^[59]
November 4	atYankton	Yankton, SD	L 12–14	^[60]
November 25	Huron	Fair grounds Brookings, SD	W 44–0	^[61]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u "2022 Football History and Record Book" (PDF). South Dakota State University Athletics. p. 4. Retrieved January 16, 2024.

^ "Football: Agricultural College Eleven Defeated Flandreau Indians". Argus-Leader. November 10, 1900. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Football; Brookings and Vermillion at Athletic Parkk Tomorrow Afternoon". Brookings Weekly Register. November 15, 1900. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Are To Debate: Inter-Collegiate Debate Between Brookings and Vermillion". Argus-Leader. December 17, 1901. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Game on Saturday". Argus-Leader. October 17, 1901. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Brookings Won: Agricultural College Takes Game from Huron". Argus-Leader. October 22, 1901. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Yankton Defeated". The Brookings Register. November 7, 1901. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "untitled". Brookings Weekly Register. November 14, 1901. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Brookings Beaten: University Wins the Football Game, Score 22 to 0". The Black Hills Union. November 29, 1901. p. 8.

^ "untitled". Brookings Weekly Register. November 28, 1901. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "untitled". The Brookings Register. October 30, 1902. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "No Football Games Here: Death of Harry Jordan Produces Strong Sentiment Against It". The Daily Argus-Leader. October 2, 1902. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Denunciation of Football: A Britton Correspondent Writes a Scathing Criticism; Is a Brutal Game". The Daily Argus-Leader. December 15, 1902. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Local News". Brookings Weekly Register. Brookings, South Dakota. October 23, 1902. p. 8. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "The Football Players". The Black Hills Weekly Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. November 7, 1902. p. 2. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Saturday's Foot Ball". Brookings Weekly Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 13, 1902. p. 4. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Swift Game Of Football". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 21, 1902. p. 9. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Fargo "Aggies" Win". The Minneapolis Journal. Minneapolis, Minnesota. October 20, 1903. p. 8. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Brookings Brevities". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 10, 1903. p. 12. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Huron Defeats Brookings Team". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 17, 1903. p. 4. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "The First Game—Brookings Defeats Flandreau In Opening Football Game". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. October 4, 1904. p. 3. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Two Games In One Day". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. October 12, 1904. p. 8. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Football Game----Mitchell vs Brookings----Friday afternoon----October 21, 3 o'clock----Athletic Park". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. October 20, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Brookings 15---Huron 0". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 3, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "A Tie Game At Vermillion". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 5, 1904. p. 10. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Vermillion--Brookings Tie At Football Game". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 10, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Pipestone vs Brookings". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 24, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Brookings Defeated". The Daily Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 25, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Mitchell Defeats Brookings Splendid Game of Football". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. December 1, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved January 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Flandreau Brookings". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. October 5, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "First Football Ball Game". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. October 12, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Fast Games Football". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. October 26, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "W. U. Plays Great Game". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 2, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Gophers Strike Like Avalanche". The Minneapolis Journal. Minneapolis, Minnesota. November 12, 1905. p. 1, sport section. Retrieved January 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Fierce Game Football Ball". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 23, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Foot Ball". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. October 18, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "North Dakota Loses Game". The Brookings Register. Brookings, South Dakota. November 8, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "Farmers Beat Methodists". Sioux City Journal. Sioux City, Iowa. November 16, 1906. p. 8. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com

^ "University Team Wins State Championship: The Agricultural College Football Team Comes Home With Blackened Eyes and Bruised Bodies That Tell the Story of Rough Playing". The Brookings Register. November 29, 1906. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "untitled". The Brookings Register. October 8, 1907. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "State College Wins Game". The Brookings Register. October 24, 1907. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "A Ragged Game". The Brookings Register. October 31, 1907. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "North Dakota Wins: Young Timber from South Dakota no Match for Veterans". The Brookings Register. November 7, 1907. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Last Game of the Season: Brookings and Mitchell Will Lock Horns, Nov. 8". The Brookings Register. November 1, 1807. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "The College Team Defeats Mitchell in the Best and Most Stubbornly Contested Football Battle of the Year: Juneau's Lads Played Great Game As Did the Visitors Though They Leaned Too Heavily on a Broken Reed". The Brookings Register. November 14, 1907. pp. 1, 5 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Yankton Is Defeated: S.D.S.C Football Team wins Another Glorious Victory; Rooters Charter a Train And Two Hundred of Them Accompanied the Team". The Brookings Register. November 21, 1907. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "untitled". The Brookings Register. November 28, 1907. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "State College Notes". The Brookings Register. December 3, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "S.D.S.C. Wins First One". The Brookings Registr. October 15, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "North Dakota Is Defeated At Football by State College Pigskin Artists". The Brookings Register. October 29, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "A Tie Game". The Brookings Register. November 5, 1908. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Big Game of the Season Will Be Played Next Saturday Between St. Thomas and State College". The Brookings Register. November 5, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Coughlin and Hyde Star In Football Game With St. Thomas: Brookings Team Wins 29 to 12 In a Scrappy, Hard Fought Battle". The Brookings Register. November 12, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Yankton The Champs: Yankton College Has Undisputed Claim to State College Football Championship". The Daily Argus-Leader. November 14, 1908. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Outplayed by Yankton In a Ragged, Uninteresting Game: The Score being 21 to Nothing; Field in Poor Shape and the Weather Bad". The Brookings Register. November 19, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "And Huron Like Mitchell Defeats the S.D.S.C. Football Aggregation: The Final Score Being 17 to 0". The Brookings Register. December 3, 1908. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "North Dakota Is Victor Over State College at Football: Visitors Win on Fumbles in Hard Fought Game That Is Played in Rainstorm". The Brookings Register. October 28, 1909. p. 1.

^ "The North Dakota "Aggies" win game". Grand Forks Herald. October 23, 1909. Retrieved October 6, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Methodists Victorious: Mitchell Beats Brookings at Football; Drop-Kick from the Field". The Brookings Register. November 4, 1909. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "A Defeat and Tie for Us: College Football Team Lost at Yankton". The Brookings Register. November 11, 1909. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

^ "Close Season With a Victory: College Football Team Wins From Huron on Thanksgiving Day". The Brookings Register. December 2, 1909. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.

v t e South Dakota State Jackrabbits football
Venues	Coughlin–Alumni Stadium (1962–2015) Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium (2016–present)
Bowls & rivalries	North Dakota State: Dakota Marker South Dakota
Culture & lore	Jack Rabbit "Ring the Bell"
People	Head coaches NFL draftees
Seasons	1889–1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
National championship seasons in bold

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Dakota_State_football,_1889–1909&oldid=1222973863#1903" Category: ●South Dakota State Jackrabbits football seasons Hidden categories: ●Articles with short description ●Short description with empty Wikidata description ●Pages using CFB schedule with unnamed parameters ●Pages using CFB schedule with rivalry after location ●This page was last edited on 9 May 2024, at 02:29 (UTC). ●Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. ●Privacy policy ●About Wikipedia ●Disclaimers ●Contact Wikipedia ●Code of Conduct ●Developers ●Statistics ●Cookie statement ●Mobile view