Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Results summary  





2 Change in composition  



2.1  Before the elections  





2.2  Result of the general elections  





2.3  Beginning of the next Congress  







3 Race summaries  



3.1  Elections during the 59th Congress  





3.2  Elections leading to the 60th Congress  





3.3  Elections during the 60th Congress  







4 Alabama  



4.1  Class 2  



4.1.1  Alabama (regular, class 2)  





4.1.2  Alabama (special, class 2)  







4.2  Class 3  



4.2.1  Alabama (regular, class 3)  





4.2.2  Alabama (special, class 3)  









5 Arkansas  





6 Colorado  





7 Delaware  



7.1  Delaware (special)  





7.2  Delaware (regular)  







8 Georgia  



8.1  Georgia (regular)  





8.2  Georgia (special)  







9 Idaho  





10 Illinois  





11 Iowa  





12 Kansas  



12.1  Kansas (regular)  





12.2  Kansas (special)  







13 Kentucky  





14 Louisiana  





15 Maine  





16 Massachusetts  





17 Michigan  



17.1  Michigan (regular)  





17.2  Michigan (special)  







18 Minnesota  





19 Mississippi  





20 Montana  





21 Nebraska  





22 New Hampshire  





23 New Jersey  





24 North Carolina  





25 Oklahoma  





26 Oregon  



26.1  Oregon (regular)  





26.2  Oregon (special)  







27 Rhode Island  





28 South Carolina  





29 South Dakota  





30 Tennessee  





31 Texas  





32 Virginia  





33 West Virginia  





34 Wisconsin (special)  





35 Wyoming  





36 See also  





37 Notes  





38 References  














190607 United States Senate elections






Deutsch

 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


1906–07 United States Senate elections

← 1904 & 1905 January 9, 1906 –
July 7, 1907
1908 & 1909 →

30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate
(as well as special elections)
46 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader William B. Allison
(retired)
Charles Culberson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1897 March 4, 1905
Leader's seat Iowa Texas
Seats before 57 33
Seats won 18 11
Seats after 60 29
Seat change Increase3 Decrease4
Seats up 15 15

Results of the elections:
     Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Legislature failed to elect


Majority Party before election


Republican

Elected Majority Party


Republican

The 1906–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republican Party gained three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party. The elections were held alongside the 1906 House of Representatives elections, which saw a significant Democratic gain in contrast to the Senate elections.

InGeorgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 60th Congress on March 4. In Rhode Island, the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until well into 1908.

Results summary[edit]

Senate party division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)

Change in composition[edit]

Before the elections[edit]

At the beginning of 1906.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6
D16 D17 D18 D19
Al.
Ran
D20
Ar.
Ran
D21
Co.
Retired
D22
Ga.
Ran
D23
Id.
Ran
D24
Ky.
Ran
D25
La.
Ran
R56
W.V.
Ran
R57
Wyo.
Ran
D33
Va.
Ran
D32
Tex.
Ran
D31
Tenn.
Ran
D30
S.C.
Ran
D29
Or.
Retired
D28
N.C.
Ran
D27
Mont.
Retired
D26
Miss.
Ran
R55
S.D.
Ran
R54
R.I.
Ran
R53
N.J.
Ran
R52
N.H.
Ran
R51
Neb.
Retired
R50
Minn.
Ran
R49
Mich.
Retired
R48
Mass.
Ran
R47
Me.
Ran
R46
Kan.
Ran
Majority →
R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43
Del.
Retired
R44
Ill.
Ran
R45
Ia.
Ran
R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26
R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Result of the general elections[edit]

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6
D16 D17 D18 D19
Re-elected
D20
Re-elected
D21
Re-elected
D22
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
R56
Hold
R57
Gain
R58
Gain
R59
Gain
R60
Gain
V1
R.I.
R Loss
V2
Ga.
D Loss
D28
Hold
D27
Hold
D26
Hold
R55
Hold
R54
Hold
R53
Hold
R52
Hold
R51
Re-elected
R50
Re-elected
R49
Re-elected
R48
Re-elected
R47
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
Majority→ R45
Re-elected
R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43
Re-elected
R44
Re-elected
R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26
R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Beginning of the next Congress[edit]

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6
D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25
R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 V1
R.I.
D29
Ga.
Appointed
D28 D27 D26
R55 R54 R53 R52 R51 R50 R49 R48 R47 R46
Majority→ R45
R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44
R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26
R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
Key
D# Democratic
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries[edit]

Elections during the 59th Congress[edit]

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware
(Class 1)
Vacant Legislature had previously failed to elect.
New senator elected June 12, 1906.
Republican gain.[2]
  • J. Edward Addicks (Republican) 2 votes[2]
  • Kansas
    (Class 2)
    Alfred W. Benson Republican 1906 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
    New senator elected January 22, 1907.
    Republican hold.
    Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
  • Alfred W. Benson (Republican) 19 votes
  • W. A. Harris (Democratic) 11 votes
  • W. R. Stubbs (Republican) 1 vote[3]
  • Oregon
    (Class 2)
    John M. Gearin Democratic 1905 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907, when successor elected.
    New senator elected January 22, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.[4][5][6]
    Republican gain.
    Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.
  • Unopposed[6]
    In state election:
  • Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 74.85%
  • J. D. Stevens (Socialist) 15.17%
  • Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 9.99%[7]
  • Michigan
    (Class 2)
    Russell A. Alger Republican 1902 (Appointed)
    1903 (special)
    Incumbent died January 24, 1907.
    New senator elected February 5, 1907.[6]
    Republican hold.
    Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below.
  • [data missing]
  • In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909, in the 61st Congress.

    State Incumbent Results Candidates
    Senator Party Electoral history
    Alabama
    (Class 3)
    Edmund Pettus Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907 for the term beginning March 4, 1909.[3]
    Winner died July 27, 1907, and new senator elected early August 6, 1907.[3]
    July 27, 1907:
  • Unopposed[3]

  • August 6, 1907:
  • Unopposed[3]
  • Elections leading to the 60th Congress[edit]

    In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.

    All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

    State Incumbent Results Candidates
    Senator Party Electoral
    history
    Alabama John Morgan Democratic 1876
    1882
    1888
    1894
    1900
    Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][3]
    Winner died June 11, 1907, and new senator appointed June 17, 1907
    Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.[3]
    January 22, 1907:
  • Unopposed[3]

  • July 16, 1907:
  • Unopposed[3]
  • Arkansas James Berry Democratic 1885 (special)
    1889
    1895
    1901
    Incumbent lost re-election.
    Winner elected January 29, 1907.[3]
    Democratic hold.
  • John L. Worthington (Republican) 5 votes[3]
  • Colorado Thomas Patterson Democratic 1901 Incumbent retired.
    New senator elected January 16, 1907.
    Republican gain.
  • Charles Thomas (Democratic) 27 votes
  • Frank C. Goudy (Republican) 4 votes[3]
  • Delaware J. Frank Allee Republican 1903 (special) Incumbent retired.
    New senator elected January 16, 1907.
    Republican hold.
  • Willard Saulsbury (Democratic) 15 votes[3]
  • Georgia Augustus Bacon Democratic 1894
    1900
    Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect.
    Democratic loss.
    Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term, see below.
    Augustus Bacon (Democratic)
    [data missing]
    Idaho Fred Dubois Democratic 1890
    1897 (Lost)
    1901
    Incumbent lost re-election.
    New senator elected January 15, 1907.
    Republican gain.
  • Fred Dubois (Democratic) 18 votes[5]
  • Illinois Shelby Cullom Republican 1882
    1888
    1894
    1901
    Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4]
  • Carroll C. Boggs (Democratic) 68 votes
  • Daniel R. Sheen (Prohibition) 3 votes[3]
  • Iowa Jonathan Dolliver Republican 1900 (Appointed)
    1901 (Appointed)
    1902 (special)
    Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907.
  • Claude Porter (Democratic) 45 votes[8]
  • Kansas Alfred Benson Republican 1906 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
    New senator elected January 22, 1907.
    Republican hold.
    Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above.
  • William Harris (Democratic) 32 votes
  • Joseph Bristow (Republican) 1 vote[3][4]
  • Kentucky Joseph Blackburn Democratic 1884
    1890
    1897 (Lost)
    1900
    Incumbent lost renomination.
    New senator elected January 9, 1906.[2][9]
    Democratic hold.
  • William Cox (Republican) 30 votes
  • C. F. Burnan (Republican) 1 vote[2][9]
  • Louisiana Murphy Foster Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[10]
  • Unopposed[10]
  • Maine William Frye Republican 1881 (special)
    1883
    1889
    1895
    1901
    Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[3]
  • William Pennell (Democratic) 66 votes[3]
  • Massachusetts Winthrop Crane Republican 1904 (Appointed)
    1905 (special)
    Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.
  • James Carroll (Democratic) 48 votes
  • George Williams (Democratic) 3 votes
  • Joseph H. O'Neill (Democratic) 1 vote
  • John Sullivan (Democratic) 1 vote[11]
  • Michigan Russell Alger Republican 1902 (Appointed)
    1903 (special)
    Incumbent retired.
    New senator elected January 15, 1907.[6]
    Republican hold.
    Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term, see above.
  • Charles Townsend (Republican) 2 votes
  • T. E. Barkworth (Democratic) 2 votes[6]
  • Minnesota Knute Nelson Republican 1895
    1901
    Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4]
  • Albert Schaller (Democratic) 27 votes
  • W. J. Dean (Progressive) 3 votes
  • John Johnson (Democratic) 1 vote
  • Frank Day (Democratic) 1 vote[6]
  • Mississippi Anselm McLaurin Democratic 1894 (special)
    1900
    Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.[12]
  • [data missing]
  • Montana William Clark Democratic 1899
    1900 (Resigned)
    1901
    Incumbent retired.
    New senator elected January 16, 1907.[6]
    Republican gain.
  • J. K. Toole (Democratic) 17 votes
  • H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 votes
  • W. C. Conrad (Unknown) 2 votes
  • Norris (Democratic) 1 vote[6]
  • Nebraska Joseph Millard Republican 1901 (special) Incumbent retired.
    New senator elected January 15, 1907.[6]
    Republican hold.
  • William Thompson (Democratic) 36 votes[6]
  • New Hampshire Henry E. Burnham Republican 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[6][13]
  • Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 votes
  • George B. Leighton (Unknown) 1 vote[6]
  • New Jersey John F. Dryden Republican 1902 (special) Incumbent withdrew from renomination.
    New senator elected February 5, 1907.[6]
    Republican hold.
  • James E. Martine (Democratic) 35 votes
  • John W. Griggs (Republican) 1 vote
  • Mahlon R. Pitney (Republican) 1 vote[6]
  • North Carolina Furnifold Simmons Democratic 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][6]
  • Spencer B. Adams (Republican) 3 votes
  • James J. Britt (Republican) 2 votes[6]
  • Oregon John M. Gearin Democratic 1905 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
    New senator elected January 2, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.[4][5][6]
    Republican gain.
  • Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 4 votes
  • F. A. Moore (Democratic) 2 votes
  • F. W. Mulkey (Republican) 1 vote[6]
    In state election:
  • Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 46.25%
  • Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 42.86%
  • A. G. Simola (Socialist) 6.10%
  • B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 4.80%[14]
  • Rhode Island George Wetmore Republican 1894
    1900
    Legislature failed to elect.[4][15]
    Republican loss.
  • Samuel Colt (Republican)
  • Robert Goddard (Democratic)
  • South Carolina Benjamin Tillman Democratic 1894
    1901
    Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]
  • Unopposed
  • South Dakota Robert J. Gamble Republican 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[16]
  • Andrew E. Lee (Democratic) 17 votes
  • Thomas Sterling (Independent) 15 votes[16]
  • Tennessee Edward Carmack Democratic 1901 Incumbent lost renomination.[16]
    New senator elected January 15, 1907.
    Democratic hold.
  • Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 26 votes
  • Asbury Wright (Republican) 1 vote[16]
  • Texas Joseph Bailey Democratic 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[17]
  • William L. Cabell (Democratic) 2 votes
  • Alexander W. Terrell (Democratic) 1 vote
  • Horace Chilton (Democratic) 1 vote
  • Thomas M. Campbell (Democratic) 3 votes
  • John W. Logan (Democratic) 2 votes
  • James E. Yantis (Democratic) 2 votes
  • Cecil A. Lyon (Republican) 2 votes
  • Other Democrats 25 votes[16][17]
  • Virginia Thomas S. Martin Democratic 1893 (Early)
    1899 (Early)
    Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906.[18]
  • Campbell Slemp (Republican) 17 votes[2][18]
  • West Virginia Stephen B. Elkins Republican 1895
    1901
    Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]
  • John J. Cornwell (Democratic) 30 votes[16]
  • Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 1890
    1893 (Lost)
    1895
    1901
    Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]
  • Colin Hunter (politician) (Democratic) 6 votes[16]
  • Elections during the 60th Congress[edit]

    In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.

    State Incumbent Results Candidates
    Senator Party Electoral history
    Wisconsin
    (Class 3)
    John C. Spooner Republican 1897
    1903
    Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907.
    New senator elected May 17, 1907.
    Republican hold.
  • G. W. Bird (Democratic)
  • J. P. Rummel (Social Democratic)[16]
  • Georgia
    (Class 2)
    Augustus Bacon Democratic 1894
    1900
    1907 (Appointed)
    Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907.
  • Unopposed[3]
  • Alabama
    (Class 2)
    John H. Bankhead Democratic 1907 (Appointed) John Tyler Morgan (D), having just been re-elected, see above, died June 11, 1907.
    Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.
  • Unopposed[3]
  • Alabama
    (Class 3)
    Edmund Pettus Democratic 1903
    1907
    Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907.
    New senator elected August 6, 1907.
    Democratic hold.
  • Unopposed[3]
  • New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907 to the term beginning March 4, 1909.[3]
  • Unopposed[3]
  • Oklahoma
    (Class 2)
    New state First senator elected December 10, 1907.[6]
    Democratic gain.
  • Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes
  • C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[6]
  • Oklahoma
    (Class 3)
    First senator elected December 10, 1907.[6]
    Democratic gain.
  • Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes
  • C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[6]
  • Alabama[edit]

    The two new senators, John H. Bankhead and Joseph F. Johnston, were named "alternate" senators at the state Democratic primary in 1906. The men who would beat them[19] both died so Bankhead and Johnston were elected in their places.

    Class 2[edit]

    Alabama's class 2 senators
    John Tyler Morgan
    John Tyler Morgan,
    until June 11, 1907
    John H. Bankhead
    John H. Bankhead, from June 18, 1907

    Alabama (regular, class 2)[edit]

    Five-term Democrat John Tyler Morgan was re-elected January 22, 1907.[19]

    Alabama (special, class 2)[edit]

    Morgan died June 11, 1907, just three months into his sixth term.[20] Democrat John H. Bankhead was appointed June 18, 1907, to continue the term,[21] pending a July 16, 1907, special election, which he won.

    Class 3[edit]

    Alabama's class 3 senators
    Edmund Pettus
    Edmund Pettus,
    until July 27, 1907
    Joseph F. Johnston
    Joseph F. Johnston, from August 6, 1907

    Alabama (regular, class 3)[edit]

    Two-term Democrat Edmund Pettus was re-elected early on January 22, 1907, for the term that would begin in 1909.[19][22]

    Alabama (special, class 3)[edit]

    Pettus died July 27, 1907, even before his new term was supposed to begin.[20] Democrat Joseph F. Johnston was elected August 6, 1907, both to finish the term and to the next term.

    Arkansas[edit]

    Colorado[edit]

    Delaware[edit]

    Delaware (special)[edit]

    Delaware (regular)[edit]

    Georgia[edit]

    Georgia (regular)[edit]

    Georgia (special)[edit]

    Idaho[edit]

    Illinois[edit]

    Iowa[edit]

    Kansas[edit]

    Kansas (regular)[edit]

    Kansas (special)[edit]

    Kentucky[edit]

    Louisiana[edit]

    Maine[edit]

    Massachusetts[edit]

    Michigan[edit]

    Michigan (regular)[edit]

    Michigan (special)[edit]

    Minnesota[edit]

    Mississippi[edit]

    Montana[edit]

    Nebraska[edit]

    New Hampshire[edit]

    New Jersey[edit]

    North Carolina[edit]

    Oklahoma[edit]

    Oregon[edit]

    Oregon (regular)[edit]

    Oregon (special)[edit]

    Rhode Island[edit]

    South Carolina[edit]

    South Dakota[edit]

    Tennessee[edit]

    Texas[edit]

    Virginia[edit]

    West Virginia[edit]

    Wisconsin (special)[edit]

    Wyoming[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Notes[edit]

    1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  • ^ a b c d e Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
  • ^ a b c World Almanac (1908), p. 263.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.
  • ^ "Our Campaigns - OR US Special Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  • ^ Clark, p. 248.
  • ^ a b Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 9781400852680.
  • ^ a b Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
  • ^ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258–259.
  • ^ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
  • ^ Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.
  • ^ "Our Campaigns - OR US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  • ^ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.
  • ^ a b "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
  • ^ a b "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.
  • ^ a b c "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND.; Senatorial Deadlock Is Unbroken -- Elections in Other States". Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  • ^ a b "SENATOR PETTUS DIES, AGED 86 YEARS; Succumbs to Brief Illness While at Hot Springs, North Carolina. LONG SERVICE TO NATION He and His Late Colleague, Senator Morgan, Were Associated Through Life". Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  • ^ "BANKHEAD TO BE SENATOR.; Governor of Alabama Will Appoint Him in Morgan's Place". Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  • ^ "Tribune Almanac and Political Register ..." 1908. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  • References[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1906–07_United_States_Senate_elections&oldid=1170642651"

    Categories: 
    1906 United States Senate elections
    1907 United States Senate elections
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    All articles with lists with data missing
    Data missing from February 2020
    Articles to be expanded from August 2020
    All articles to be expanded
    Articles using small message boxes
     



    This page was last edited on 16 August 2023, at 08:57 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki