Contents

1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia

Epidemic

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Serbian. (February 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepLorGoogle Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Serbian Wikipedia article at [[:sr:Епидемија тифуса у Србији 1914—1915.]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|sr|Епидемија тифуса у Србији 1914—1915.}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

In the early stages of the First World War, Serbia suffered an epidemic of typhus and relapsing fever.^[1] The epidemic first appeared in the late autumn of 1914, after the second Austrian offensive.^[2] By December the Austro-Hungarian troops were pushed out of Serbia for the second time in ten days. Around 50,000 wounded and sick remained in hospitals. Great problems with the lack of accommodation and food were affecting not only hospitals but the civilian population as well, besides that, there were around 50,000 Austro-Hungarian prisoners that had to be accommodated and fed too. Dr. Roman Sondermajer established a large field hospital near Kragujevac, using army barracks to care for the sick and wounded.^{[citation needed]}

Flora Sandes, who started as a volunteer British nurse, recalled the conditions at the hospital in Kragujevac and meeting Dr. Sondermajer for the first time:

The hospital, on the outskirts of Kragujevac, was overflowing with patients, both Serbs and POWs. Surgeon Dr. Roman Sondermeyer, the immaculately dressed head of the Military Medical Service of the Serbian army, stepped forward smartly to meet us (...) "Twelve hundred patients, two surgeons, eight nurses, and some five hospital orderlies!" wrote Emily of her shock upon realising how many patients there were and how few staff ^[3]

A contingent of Scottish nurses and physicians served in the fight against the epidemic, with many, including Margaret Neill Fraser, Louisa Jordan, and Elizabeth Ross, dying of typhus.^{[citation needed]}

British Military Sanitary Committee to Serbia[edit]

In 1915, the British military doctor William Hunter headed the British Military Sanitary Committee to Serbia tasked with stopping the epidemic. The epidemic was stopped by June 1915 by introduction of several movement restriction measures and by introduction of two new disinfection methods, the "railway van disinfector", and the "barrel disinfector" now known as the Serbian barrel.^[4][5]

In 1920, Hunter published a detailed account on the epidemic in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.^[6]

References[edit]