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1923

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1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1923rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 923rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 23rd year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1920s decade. As of the start of 1923, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was relegated that February to use only by churches after Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar.

In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days was skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, 15 February (Julian Calendar) was followed by Thursday, 1 March (Gregorian Calendar).^[1]

• January 5 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
• January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, to force Germany to make reparation payments.
• January 17 (or 9) – First flight of the first rotorcraft, Juan de la Cierva's Cierva C.4 autogyro, in Spain. (It is first demonstrated to the military on January 31.)
• February 5 – Australian cricketer Bill Ponsford makes 429 runs to break the world record for the highest first-class cricket score for the first time in his third match at this level, at Melbourne Cricket Ground, giving the Victoria cricket team an innings total of 1,059.
• February 9 – Billy Hughes, having resigned as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party, is succeeded by Stanley Bruce. A Liberal–National Coalition will persist in the politics of Australia for at least 100 years.

• March 1 – Eskom, the largest electricity producer in Africa, is established in South Africa.
• March 6 – The Egyptian Feminist Union (Arabic: الاتحاد النسائي المصري), the first nationwide feminist movement in Egypt, is founded at the home of activist Huda Sha'arawi.^[2][3][4]
• March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires from his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
• March 17 – Dobrolyot is formed as the first Soviet civil aviation service; it will become part of flag carrier Aeroflot.^{[citation needed]}
• March 28 – Regia Aeronautica, the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
• April 6 – The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed, in Victoria Institution, Federated Malay States.
• April 12 – The Kandersteg International Scout Centre comes into existence in Switzerland.
• April 19
  • Hjalmar Branting leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after the Swedish Riksdag has rejected a government proposal regarding unemployment benefits. Right-wing academic and jurist Ernst Trygger succeeds him.
  • The Egyptian Constitution of 1923 is adopted, introducing a parliamentary system of democracy in the country.^[5]
• April 23 – The Gdynia seaport is inaugurated, on the Polish Corridor.
• April 26 – Wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon: The future King George VI of the United Kingdom marries the future Queen Elizabeth The Queen MotherinWestminster Abbey.^[6]
• April 28 – The original Wembley Stadium in London, England, opens its doors to the public for the first time, staging the FA Cup Final between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United.

• May 9
  • Southeastern Michigan receives a record 15 centimetres (5.9 in) of snow, after temperatures plummeted from 17 °F to 1 °F (-8 °C to -17 °C) between 1 and 6 pm on the previous day.^[7]
  • The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle (Im Dickicht), at the ResidenztheaterinMunich, is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
• May 20 – British Prime Minister Bonar Law resigns, due to ill health.
• May 23
  • Stanley Baldwin is appointed British Prime Minister.
  • Belgium's Sabena Airlines is created.
• May 24 – The Irish Civil War ends.
• May 26 – The first 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race is held, and is won by André Lagache and René Léonard.
• May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan in the United States defies a law requiring publication of its membership.
• June 9 – Bulgarian coup d'état of 1923: A military coup in Bulgaria ousts prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski (he is killed June 14).
• June 12 – William Walton's Façade is performed for the first time, in London.
• June 13 – President Li YuanhongofChina abandons his residence because a warlord has commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off its water and electric supplies in order to force him to abandon his post.
• June 16 – The storming of AyaninSiberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War.
• June 18 – Mount Etna erupts in Italy, making 60,000 homeless.

• July 10 – Large hailstones kill 23 people in Rostov, Soviet Union.
• July 13
  • The Hollywood Sign is inaugurated in California (originally reading Hollywoodland).
  • American explorer Roy Chapman Andrews discovers the first dinosaur eggs near Flaming Cliffs, Mongolia.
• July 20 – Pancho Villa is assassinated at Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua.
• July 24 – The Treaty of Lausanne (1923), settling the boundaries of the modern Republic of Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War, bringing an end to the Ottoman Empire after 624 years.
• July – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic (Germany) sees the number of marks needed to purchase a single American dollar reach 353,000 – more than 200 times the amount needed at the start of the year.
• August 2 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th president of the United States, upon the death of President Warren G. Harding in San Francisco.
• August 3 – President Calvin Coolidgeissworn in by his father.

• August 13
  • The first major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, the newly constructed Polish seaport.
  • Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany, and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.
• August 18 – The first British Track & Field championships for women are held in London.
• August 30 – Hurricane season begins, with a tropical storm northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
• August 31 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu, in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests, and the occupation ends on September 30.

• September 1
  • The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing more than 100,000 people.^[8]
  • The Kantō Massacre begins and continues for several weeks. Ethnic Koreans are killed by lynch mobs based on rumors that Koreans are committing crimes and plotting to overthrow the government. The death toll (and even the occurrence of) the massacre is disputed, with figures ranging from a few dozen to over 6,000 deaths. Most of the deaths are of Korean people, although other ethnic minorities and even Japanese people with unusual dialects are also killed.^[9][10][11]
• September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time.^[12]
• September 6 – The Fukuda Village Incident occurs as a part of the larger Kantō Massacre. Nine Japanese people, including a pregnant woman and children, are killed based on false beliefs that they are ethnic Koreans.^[13][14][15]
• September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.
• September 8 – Honda Point disaster: Nine United States Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
• September 9 – Turkish head of state Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
• September 10 – The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations.
• September 11 – Struggling for a foothold in southern China, Sun Yat-sen decides to ally his Nationalist Kuomintang party with the Comintern and the Chinese Communist Party.
• September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
• September 17 – 1923 Berkeley fire: A major fire in Berkeley, California, erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
• September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
• September 24 – Atlantic hurricane season: The second major hurricane strikes north of Hispaniola.
• September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr takes dictatorial powers.
• September 29
  • The first American Track & Field championships for women are held in New Jersey.
  • The League of Nations Mandate for Palestine (1922) comes into effect, officially creating under British administration the protectoratesofPalestine, to provide a homeland for the Jewish people, and the separate Emirate of Transjordan under Abdullah I.^[16] The French-administered Mandate for Syria and Lebanon also takes effect.
• September 30 – Küstrin Putsch: Outside Berlin, Major Ernst Buchrucker, a leader of the Black Reichswehr, attempts a putsch by seizing several forts.
• October 1 – The Johor–Singapore Causeway opens to public traffic.
• October 2 – Küstrin Putsch: After two days of siege, Major Buchrucker and his men surrender.
• October 6 – The Occupation of Constantinople ends when the great powers of World War I withdraw.
• October 13
  • Ankara replaces Istanbul (Constantinople), as the capital of Turkey.
  • The first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific into the Atlantic occurs in Oaxaca.
• October 14 – The fourth tropical storm of the year forms just north of Panama.
• October 15 – The fifth tropical storm of the year forms north of the Leeward Islands.
• October 16
  • A sixth tropical storm develops in the Gulf of Mexico; a rare occurrence, it consists of four active tropical storms simultaneously.
  • Roy and Walt Disney found The Walt Disney Company, at this time known as the Disney Brothers Studio.
• October 23 – Hamburg Uprising: In Germany, the Communists attempt a putsch in Hamburg, which results in street battles in that city for the next two days, when it ends unsuccessfully.
• October 27 – In Germany, General Hans von Seeckt orders the Reichswehr to dissolve the Social Democratic-Communist government of Saxony, which is refusing to accept the authority of the Reich government.
• October 28 – In Qajar dynasty Persia, Reza Khan becomes Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
• October 29 – Turkey becomes a republic, following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire; Kemal Atatürk is elected as first president.
• October 30 – İsmet İnönü is appointed as the first prime minister of Turkey.

• November 1
  • The Finnish flag carrier airline Finnair is started, as Aero oy.
  • The 1923 Victorian Police strike begins in Australia, with half of the Victoria Police force standing down over the use of labor spies. Rioting and looting take place in Melbourne city centre.^[17]
• November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day. 20 people die as a result of associated violence.
• November 11 – Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the Beer Hall Putsch.
• November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie, in Wellington Barracks, London.
• November 15 – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic: Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark^[18] (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the Rentenmark, at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark (effective November 20).
• November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
• December 1 – In Italy, the Gleno Dam on the Gleno River, in the Valle di Scalve in the northern province of Bergamo bursts, killing at least 356 people.
• December 6
  • 1923 United Kingdom general election: The governing Conservatives under Stanley Baldwin are reduced to a minority status, with the Labour party gaining second party status.
  • Calvin Coolidge addresses the United States Congress in the first radio broadcast from a President of the U.S.
• December 21 – The Nepal–Britain Treaty is the first to define the international status of Nepal as an independent sovereign country.
• December 27 – Toranomon Incident: In Tokyo, Crown Prince HirohitoofJapan survives an assassination attempt by communist student Daisuke Nanba.
• December 29 – Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first patent (in the United States) for "television systems".

• January 1
  • Wahiduddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi academic (d. 2018)
  • Valentina Cortese, Italian actress (d. 2019)
  • Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)
  • Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d. 1944)
• January 2
  • Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy, 38th Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014)
  • Rachel Waterhouse, English historian and author (d. 2020)
• January 3
  • Renato Guatelli, Italian partisan (d. 1944)
  • Hank Stram, American football coach, broadcaster (d. 2005)
• January 4
  • Ricardo C. Puno, Filipino lawyer and politician (d. 2018)
  • Mohan Lall Shrimal, Indian chief justice
  • Wilfred Waters, English Olympic cyclist (d. 2006)
• January 5
  • Virginia Halas McCaskey, American football team owner
  • Nat Neujean, Belgian sculptor (d. 2018)
  • Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
• January 6
  • Leah Chase, African-American chef, author and television personality (d. 2019)
  • Robert A. Chase, American surgeon and educator
  • Norman Kirk, 29th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1974)
• January 7
  • Gertrude Ehrlich, Austrian-born American mathematician
  • Joseph A. Hardy III, American businessman (d. 2023)
  • Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
  • Jean Lucienbonnet, French racing driver (d. 1962)
  • Johnny Macknowski, Russian-born American basketball player (d. 2024)
  • Héctor Mayagoitia Domínguez, Mexican chemical bacteriologist and politician (d. 2023)
• January 8
  • Larry Storch, American actor (d. 2022)
  • Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
• January 11
  • Wright King, American actor (d. 2018)
  • Paavo Lonkila, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2017)
  • Ernst Nolte, German historian (d. 2016)
• January 12
  • Ira Hayes, U.S. Marine flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1955)
  • Sune Wehlin, Swedish pentathlete (d. 2020)
• January 15 – Lee Teng-hui, Taiwanese politician, 4th President of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
• January 16
  • Max Fink, American neurologist and psychiatrist
  • Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
  • Antonio Riboldi, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
  • Walther Wever, German fighter ace (d. 1945)
• January 17 – Francesc Badia Batalla, Spanish-born Andorran Bishop, Episcopal Véguier (d. 2020)
• January 18 – Jan Ruff O'Herne, Dutch-Australian human rights activist (d. 2019)
• January 19 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (All In the Family) (d. 2013)
• January 20
  • Nora Brockstedt, Norwegian singer (d. 2015)
  • Slim Whitman, American country western musician (d. 2013)
• January 21 – Prince Andrew Romanov, Russian-American artist and author (d. 2021)
• January 22 – Diana Douglas, British-born American actress, mother of actor/producer Michael Douglas (d. 2015)
• January 23
  • Horace Ashenfelter, American athlete (d. 2018)
  • Silvano Campeggi, Italian film poster designer (d. 2018)
  • Cot Deal, American major league baseball player, coach (d. 2013)
• January 24 – Geneviève Asse, French painter (d. 2021)
• January 25
  • Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2018)
  • Rusty Draper, American singer (d. 2003)
  • Jacob Korevaar, Dutch mathematician
  • Dirk Bernard Joseph Schouten, Dutch economist (d. 2018)
• January 26 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress, singer (d. 2017)
• January 27 – Enrico Braggiotti, Monegasque banker (d. 2019)
• January 28
  • Erling Lorentzen, Norwegian shipowner and industrialist (d. 2021)
  • Sante Spessotto, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (d. 1980)
• January 29
  • Jack Burke Jr., American golfer (d. 2024)
  • Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)^[19]
  • Khir Johari, Malaysian politician (d. 2006)
• January 31 – Norman Mailer, American novelist, journalist and dramatist (d. 2007)^[20]

• February 1
  • Stig Mårtensson, Swedish racing cyclist (d. 2010)
  • Gena Turgel, Polish author, Holocaust survivor and educator (d. 2018)
• February 2
  • James Dickey, American poet, author (Deliverance) (d. 1997)
  • Red Schoendienst, American baseball player (d. 2018)
  • Liz Smith, American gossip columnist (d. 2017)
  • Clem Windsor, Australian rugby union player, surgeon (d. 2007)
• February 3 – Edith Barney, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
• February 4
  • Bonar Bain, Canadian actor (d. 2005)
  • Belisario Betancur, Colombian politician, 26th President of Colombia (d. 2018)
• February 5
  • Dora Bryan, English actress (d. 2014)
  • Fatmawati, 1st First Lady of Indonesia (d. 1980)
  • Claude King, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 2013)
• February 6
  • Gyula Lóránt, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 1981)
  • Georges Pouliot, Canadian fencer (d. 2019)
  • Vija Vētra, Latvian dancer and choreographer
• February 7
  • Egil Abrahamsen, Norwegian ships engineer (d. 2023)
  • George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, first grandchild of King George V (d. 2011)
  • William F. Stanton, American politician
• February 8 – Urpo Korhonen, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2009)
• February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
• February 10
  • Allie Sherman, American professional football coach (d. 2015)
  • Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer (d. 2010)
• February 11
  • Rosita Fornés, Cuban-American actress (d. 2020)
  • Pamela Sharples, Baroness Sharples, English politician (d. 2022)
• February 12
  • Knox Martin, American artist (d. 2022)
  • Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film, opera director (d. 2019)
• February 13
  • Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
  • Chuck Yeager, American test pilot, NASA official (d. 2020)
• February 15
  • Marcel Denis, Belgian comics artist (d. 2002)
  • Ken Hofmann, American businessman (d. 2018)
• February 16 – Samuel Willenberg, Polish-born Israeli sculptor, painter and last surviving member of the Treblinka extermination camp revolt (d. 2016)
• February 17 – Jun Fukuda, Japanese film director (d. 2000)
• February 18 – Allan Melvin, American actor (d. 2008)
• February 20
  • Victor Atiyeh, American politician (d. 2014)
  • Forbes Burnham, Guyanese politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guyana and 2nd President of Guyana (d. 1985)
  • Robert Lucy, Swiss gymnast (d. 2009)
• February 21
  • Wilbur R. Ingalls Jr., American architect (d. 1997)
  • William Winter, American politician (d. 2020)
• February 22 – Norman Smith, English singer, record producer (d. 2008)
• February 23
  • Ioannis Grivas, Greek judge, politician and 176th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2016)
  • rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan politician and Interim President (d. 2014)
  • John van Hengel, American "Father of Food Banking" (d. 2005)
• February 24 – David Soyer, American cellist (d. 2010)
• February 27
  • Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player, actor (d. 1990)
  • James Ross MacDonald, American physicist (d. 2024)
• February 28
  • Jean Carson, American actress (d. 2005)
  • Charles Durning, American actor (d. 2012)

• March 2
  • Orrin Keepnews, American record producer (d. 2015)
  • Robert H. Michel, American Republican Party politician (d. 2017)
• March 3 – Doc Watson, American folk guitarist, songwriter (d. 2012)
• March 4
  • Russell Freeburg, American journalist and author
  • Piero D'Inzeo, Italian Olympic show jumping rider (d. 2014)
  • Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer, broadcaster (d. 2012)
• March 6
  • Ed McMahon, American television personality (d. 2009)
  • Wes Montgomery, African-American jazz musician (d. 1968)
• March 7
  • Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
  • Thomas Keating, American monk (d. 2018)
• March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
• March 9
  • James L. Buckley, American politician, United States Senator (1971–77) (d. 2023)
  • Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2016)
  • William Lyon, American major general (d. 2020)
• March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• March 11
  • Agatha Barbara, Maltese politician (d. 2002)
  • Paul Muller, Swiss actor (d. 2016)
• March 12
  • Hjalmar Andersen, Norwegian speed-skater (d. 2013)
  • Wally Schirra, American astronaut (d. 2007)
  • Mae Young, American wrestler (d. 2014)
• March 14
  • Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
  • Joe M. Jackson, American Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2019)
  • Celeste Rodrigues, Portuguese singer (d. 2018)
• March 15
  • Lou Richards, Australian footballer (d. 2017)
  • Willy Semmelrogge, German actor (d. 1984)
• March 19 – Oskar Fischer, East German politician (d. 2020)
• March 21
  • Louis-Edmond Hamelin, Canadian geographer, author and academic (d. 2020)
  • Merle Keagle, American female professional baseball player (d. 1960)
  • Olive Nicol, Baroness Nicol, British politician, life peer (d. 2018)
  • Rezső Nyers, Hungarian politician (d. 2018)
  • Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga (d. 2011)
• March 22 – Marcel Marceau, world-renowned French mime (d. 2007)
• March 24 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)
• March 25
  • Lewis Elton, German-English physicist and researcher (d. 2018)
  • Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
• March 26
  • Romolo Catasta, Italian Olympic rower (d. 1985)
  • Baba Hari Dass, Indian yoga master, silent monk, and commentator (d. 2018)
  • Bob Elliott, American comedian (d. 2016)
• March 27
  • Ulla Sallert, Swedish actress, singer (d. 2018)
  • Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet (d. 2012)
• March 28
  • Thad Jones, American jazz musician (d. 1986)
  • Ine Schäffer, Austrian athlete (d. 2009)
• March 29 – Geoff Duke, British motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
• March 31
  • Don Barksdale, American basketball player (d. 1993)
  • Shoshana Damari, Yemenite-Israeli singer (d. 2006)

• April 2
  • Alice Haylett, American professional baseball player (d. 2004)
  • Gloria Henry, American actress (d. 2021)
  • Johnny Paton, Scottish football player, coach and manager (d. 2015)
  • G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician (d. 2016)
• April 4
  • Maximiano Tuazon Cruz, Filipino Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2013)
  • Gene Reynolds, American actor (d. 2020)
  • Peter Vaughan, English actor (d. 2016)
• April 5 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (d. 2001)
• April 8
  • George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)
  • Edward Mulhare, Irish-born American actor (d. 1997)
• April 10 – John Watkins, South African cricketer (d. 2021)
• April 12 – Ann Miller, American actress and dancer (d. 2004)
• April 13 – Don Adams, American actor, comedian (Get Smart) (d. 2005)
• April 14
  • Lydia Clarke, American actress, photographer (d. 2018)
  • Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine professional golfer, winner of the 1967 Open Championship (d. 2017)
• April 15 – Douglas Wass, British civil servant (d. 2017)
• April 17 – Étienne Bally, French sprinter (d. 2018)
• April 19 – Sen Sōshitsu XV, Japanese hereditary master
• April 20
  • Mother Angelica, American nun, founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN) (d. 2016)
  • Irene Lieblich, Polish-born painter (d. 2008)
• April 22
  • Paula Fox, American writer (d. 2017)
  • Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, English/Canadian geologist and glaciologist (d. 2012)
  • Bettie Page, American model (d. 2008)
  • Aaron Spelling, American television producer, writer (d. 2006)
• April 23 – Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas (d. 2010)
• April 24
  • Sir John Conant, 2nd Baronet, English aristocrat (d. 2024)
  • Bülent Ulusu, 18th Prime Minister of Turkey (d. 2015)
• April 25
  • Francis Graham-Smith, English astronomer, academic
  • Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
  • Grant Munro, Canadian animator, filmmaker and actor (d. 2017)
• April 27 – Lloyd F. Wheat, American lawyer and politician (d. 2004)
• April 29 – Walter Deutsch, Austrian musicologist
• April 30
  • Al Lewis, American actor (The Munsters) (d. 2006)
  • Francis Tucker, South African rally driver (d. 2008)

• May 1
  • Frank Brian, American basketball player (d. 2017)
  • Fernando Cabrita, Portuguese football forward, manager (d. 2014)
  • Joseph Heller, American novelist (Catch-22) (d. 1999)
  • Billy Steel, Scottish footballer (d. 1982)
• May 2
  • Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
  • Paul Shooner, Canadian politician
• May 3
  • Francis Bellotti, American lawyer and politician
  • Francesco Paolo Bonifacio, Italian politician and jurist (d. 1989)
  • Alexander Harvey II, American judge (d. 2017)
• May 4
  • Gillis William Long, American politician (d. 1985)
  • Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)
  • Eric Sykes, English actor (d. 2012)
• May 5
  • Sergey Akhromeyev, Soviet marshal, former Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (d. 1991)
  • Ezekiel Guti, Zimbabwean pastor and archbishop (d. 2023)
  • Edit Perényi-Weckinger, Hungarian gymnast (d. 2019)
  • Konrad Repgen, German historian (d. 2017)
  • Richard Wollheim, English philosopher (d. 2003)
• May 6
  • Josep Seguer, Spanish football defender, manager (d. 2014)
  • Archduchess Yolande of Austria (d. 2023)
• May 7
  • Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
  • Jim Lowe, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
  • J. Mack Robinson, American businessman (d. 2014)
• May 8
  • Louise Meriwether, American novelist, journalist and activist (d. 2023)
  • Yusof Rawa, Malaysian politician (d. 2000)
• May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, 3rd President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003) (d. 2003)
• May 11
  • Louise Arnold, American baseball player (d. 2010)
  • Eugenio Calabi, Italian-born American mathematician (d. 2023)
  • Fred McLafferty, American chemist (d. 2021)
• May 12 – Mila del Sol, Filipino actress, entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2020)
• May 13
  • Ruth Adler Schnee, German-American textile, interior designer (d. 2023)
  • John Pearce, Australian tennis player (d. 1992)
  • Betty Webb, code breaker at Bletchley Park during World War Two
• May 14
  • Willis Blair, Canadian politician (d. 2014)
  • Alberto Ortiz, Uruguayan pentathlete
  • Adnan Pachachi, Iraqi Foreign Minister (d. 2019)
  • Mrinal Sen, Indian filmmaker (d. 2018)
• May 15
  • Doris Dowling, American actress (d. 2004)
  • John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)
  • Gholamreza Pahlavi, Persian prince (d. 2017)
• May 16
  • Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
  • Lingam Suryanarayana, Indian surgeon
• May 17
  • Anthony Eyton, English painter and educator
  • Peter Mennin, American composer, teacher and administrator (d. 1983)
  • David Wasawo, Kenyan zoologist, conservationist, and university administrator (d. 2014)
• May 18 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
• May 19 – Peter Lo Sui Yin, Malaysian politician (d. 2020)
• May 20 – Israel Gutman, Israeli historian (d. 2013)
• May 21
  • Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)
  • Dorothy Hewett, Australian writer (d. 2002)^[21]
  • Ara Parseghian, American football coach (d. 2017)
  • Evelyn Ward, American actress (d. 2012)
  • Vernon Biever, American photographer (d. 2010)
• May 23
  • Ranajit Guha, Indian historian (d. 2023)
  • Kalidas Shrestha, Nepalese artist (d. 2016)
• May 24 – Seijun Suzuki, Japanese filmmaker, actor and screenwriter (d. 2017)
• May 25 – Bernard Koura, French painter (d. 2018)
• May 26
  • James Arness, American actor (Gunsmoke) (d. 2011)
  • Roy Dotrice, English actor (d. 2017)
  • Horst Tappert, German television actor (d. 2008)
• May 27
  • Henry Kissinger, German-born United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2023)
  • Sumner Redstone, American businessman (d. 2020)
  • Alfonso Wong, Hong Kong cartoonist (d. 2017)
• May 28
  • György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d. 2006)
  • N. T. Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor, politician (d. 1996)
  • T. M. Thiagarajan, Carnatic musicologist from Tamil Nadu in Southern India (d. 2007)
• May 29
  • Edward H. Sims, American author
  • Eugene Wright, American jazz bassist (d. 2020)
• May 30
  • Zdeněk Košta, Czech cyclist (d. 2022)
  • Jimmy Lydon, American actor, producer (d. 2022)
  • Dennis V. Razis, Greek oncologist
• May 31
  • Robert O. Becker, American orthopedic surgeon (d. 2008)
  • Ellsworth Kelly, American artist (d. 2015)
  • Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)

• June 2
  • Ted Leehane, Australian rules footballer (d. 2014)
  • Lloyd Shapley, American mathematician, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)
• June 3
  • Phil Nimmons, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2024)
  • Peter Thorne, British Royal Air Force pilot (d. 2014)
• June 4
  • Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
  • Yuriko, Princess Mikasa, Japanese princess
• June 5 – Peggy Stewart, American actress (d. 2019)
• June 6
  • V. C. Andrews, American novelist (d. 1996)
  • Jeff Dwire, American small businessman (d. 1974)
• June 7
  • Jean Baratte, French international footballer, striker and manager (d. 1986)
  • Giorgio Belladonna, Italian bridge player, one of the greatest of all time (d. 1995)
  • Harold Garde, American artist (d. 2022)
• June 8
  • Alice Coleman, English geographer (d. 2023)
  • Tang Hsiang Chien, Hong Kong industrialist (d. 2018)
• June 9
  • Stanley Michael Gartler, American molecular biologist and geneticist
  • Gerald Götting, German politician (d. 2015)
  • René Henry Gracida, American bishop
  • I. H. Latif, Indian military officer (d. 2018)
• June 10
  • Madeleine Lebeau, French actress (d. 2016)
  • Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
  • Françoise Sullivan, Canadian painter, sculptor, dancer and choreographer.
• June 11 – Bernard F. Grabowski, American politician (d. 2019)
• June 12
  • Juan Arza, Spanish football forward, manager (d. 2011)
  • Herta Elviste, Estonian actress (d. 2015)
• June 13 – Lloyd Conover, American scientist (d. 2017)
• June 14
  • Jack Hayward, English businessman (d. 2014)
  • Silvia Infantas, Chilean singer and actress (d. 2024)
  • Judith Kerr, English writer and illustrator (d. 2019)^[22]
  • Kari Polanyi Levitt, Canadian economist
  • Donald Smith, English cricketer (d. 2021)
• June 15
  • Herbert Chitepo, Zimbabwe African National Union leader (d. 1975)
  • Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
  • Ninian Stephen, 20th Governor-General of Australia (d. 2017)
• June 17
  • William G. Adams, 9th mayor of St. John's, member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (d. 2005)
  • Enrique Angelelli, Argentine bishop (d. 1976)
  • Anthony Bevilacqua, American Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 2012)
  • Sukh Dev, Indian organic chemist, academic and researcher
  • W. M. Gorman, Irish economist, academic (d. 2003)
  • Arnold S. Relman, American internist (d. 2014)
  • Jan Veselý, Czech cyclist (d. 2003)
• June 18
  • Clinton Ballou, American biochemist and professor (d. 2021)
  • Szymon Szurmiej, Polish-Jewish actor, director, and general manager (d. 2014)
  • Elizabeth Weber, South African literary writer
• June 19
  • Geri M. Joseph, American journalist and academic (d. 2023)
  • Andrés Rodríguez, 47th President of Paraguay (d. 1997)
• June 20
  • Bjørn Watt-Boolsen, Danish actor (d. 1998)
  • Franklin B. Zimmerman, American musicologist and conductor
• June 21 – Johann Eyfells, Icelandic artist (d. 2019)
• June 22
  • John Oldham, American college player, athletic director and basketball coach (d. 2020)
  • Felo Ramírez, Cuban-American Spanish-language radio voice of the Miami Marlins (d. 2017)
• June 23
  • André Antunes, Portuguese sports shooter (d. 2002)
  • Makhmut Gareev, Russian general (d. 2019)
  • Doris Johnson, American politician (d. 2021)
  • Mario Milita, Italian actor and voice actor (d. 2017)
  • Ranasinghe Premadasa, Sri Lanka statesman, 3rd President of Sri Lanka (d. 1993)
  • Jerry Rullo, American professional basketball player (d. 2016)
  • Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance fighter (d. 1945)
• June 24
  • Yves Bonnefoy, French poet, art historian (d. 2016)
  • Cesare Romiti, Italian economist (d. 2020)
  • T-Model Ford, African-American blues musician (d. 2013)
  • Benjamin de Vries, Dutch-born Israeli economic historian
• June 25
  • Jamshid Amouzegar, 43rd Prime Minister of Iran (d. 2016)
  • Stan Clements, English footballer (d. 2018)
  • Doug Everingham, Australian politician, minister (d. 2017)
  • Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)
  • Vatroslav Mimica, Croatian film director, screenwriter (d. 2020)
• June 26
  • Ed Bearss, American military historian and author (d. 2020)
  • Barbara Graham, American criminal (d. 1955)
  • Jonah Kinigstein, American artist
  • Musa'id bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi prince (d. 2013)
• June 27
  • Beth Chatto, British plantswoman, garden designer and author (d. 2018)
  • Mitchell Flint, American lawyer, veteran aviator (d. 2017)
  • Gus Zernial, American baseball player, sports commentator (d. 2011)
• June 28
  • Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (d. 1980)
  • Giff Roux, American basketball player (d. 2011)
  • Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey forward (d. 2010)
• June 29
  • Sérgio Britto, Brazilian actor (d. 2011)
  • Renyldo Ferreira, Brazilian equestrian (d. 2023)
  • Alfred Goodwin, senior judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (d. 2022)
  • Olav Thon, Norwegian real estate magnate
  • Chou Wen-chung, Chinese-American composer, educator (d. 2019)
• June 30
  • Gad Beck, Israeli-German educator, author, activist and Holocaust survivor (d. 2012)
  • Ivo Orlandi, Venezuelan sports shooter (d. 2000)

• July 1
  • Scotty Bowers, American marine, author (d. 2019)
  • Herman Chernoff, American applied mathematician, statistician and physicist
• July 2
  • Constantin Dăscălescu, 52nd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2003)
  • Wisława Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
• July 3
  • Hugo Machado, Uruguayan cyclist (d. 2015)
  • Felipe Zetter, Mexican football defender (d. 2013)
• July 4
  • Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 2013)
  • George Mostow, American mathematician, renowned for his contributions to Lie theory (d. 2017)
• July 5 – Hermann Gummel, German semiconductor industry pioneer (d. 2022)
• July 6
  • Constantin Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Romanian neurologist (d. 2023)
  • Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish Communist politician, 8th Prime Minister of Poland and President of Poland (d. 2014)
  • Kallu Dhani Ram, Fijian farmers activist
• July 7
  • Leonardo Ferrel, Bolivian football player (d. 2013)
  • Whitney North Seymour Jr., American administrator (d. 2019)
  • Kitty White, American jazz singer (d. 2009)
• July 8
  • Val Bettin, American actor (d. 2021)
  • Harrison Dillard, African-American track and field athlete (d. 2019)
  • Ivor Germain, Barbadian professional light/welterweight boxer (d. 1982)
  • Eric Hill, English cricketer (d. 2010)
• July 9 – Jill Knight, British politician (d. 2022)
• July 10
  • Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2001)
  • John Bradley, U.S. Navy flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1994)
  • Stanton Forbes, American writer (d. 2013)
  • Rudolf Kehrer, Soviet and Russian classical pianist (d. 2013)
  • Mátyás Tímár, Hungarian politician and economist (d. 2020)
• July 11
  • Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa, Brazilian football player (d. 2010)
  • Gilbert Morand, French non-commissioned officer, skier (d. 2008)
  • Roy Neighbors, American politician (d. 2017)
  • Richard Pipes, Polish-American academic who specialized in Russian history (d. 2018)
  • Bernard Punsly, American actor (d. 2004)
• July 12
  • Francisco Castro, Puerto Rican long jumper, triple jumper (d. 2008)
  • Freddie Fields, American theatrical agent, film producer (d. 2007)
  • James E. Gunn, American science fiction writer, editor, scholar, and anthologist (d. 2020)
• July 13
  • Alexandre Astruc, French film critic, director (d. 2016)
  • Ashley Bryan, American writer and illustrator (d. 2022)
  • James H. Harvey, American Air Force officer
  • Shmuel Laviv-Lubin, Israeli sports shooter (d. 2012)
  • Erich Lessing, Austrian photographer (d. 2018)
  • Norma Zimmer, American singer (d. 2011)
• July 14
  • María Martín, Spanish actress (d. 2014)
  • Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013)
• July 16
  • Chris Argyris, American business theorist (d. 2013)
  • Mari Evans, African-American poet (d. 2017)
  • Giuseppe Madini, Italian professional football player (d. 1998)
  • Len Okrie, American catcher (d. 2018)
• July 18
  • Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
  • Michael Medwin, English actor (d. 2020)
  • Odvar Omland, Norwegian politician
• July 19
  • Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002)
  • Soini Nikkinen, Finnish javelin thrower (d. 2012)
• July 20
  • Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist, journalist (d. 2005)
  • Elisabeth Becker, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1946)
  • James Bree, British actor (d. 2008)
• July 21
  • Walter Brenner, American professor (d. 2017)
  • Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • William Wise, American children's writer
• July 22
  • Bob Dole, American Republican politician, presidential candidate (d. 2021)
  • Anthony Enahoro, Nigerian politician (d. 2010)
  • Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
  • The Fabulous Moolah, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• July 23
  • Witto Aloma, Cuban Major League Baseball player (d. 1997)
  • Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist (d. 2018)
• July 24 – Albert Vanhoye, French cardinal (d. 2021)
• July 25
  • Estelle Getty, American actress (d. 2008)
  • Leonardo Villar, Brazilian actor (d. 2020)
• July 28
  • Robert P. Madison, American architect
  • Ian McDonald, Australian cricketer (d. 2019)
• July 29
  • Edgar Cortright, American scientist, engineer (d. 2014)
  • Jim Marshall, British founder of Marshall Amplification (d. 2012)
• July 31
  • Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist noted for inventing Kevlar (d. 2014)
  • Jean-Jacques Moreau, French mathematician, mechanician (d. 2014)
  • William Joseph Nealon Jr., American judge (d. 2018)
  • Kent Rogers, American actor (d. 1944)