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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
1940 Whipple (prov. designation 1975 CA ) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt , approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 2 February 1975, by the Harvard College Observatory at its George R. Agassiz Station near Harvard , Massachusetts, in the United States, and named after astronomer Fred Whipple .[12]
Classification and orbit [ edit ]
Whipple orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.3 AU eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic .[1] Goethe Link Observatory in 1962, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 13 years prior to its discovery observation.[12]
This minor planet was named after American astronomer Fred Lawrence Whipple (1906–2004), author of the icy conglomerate model, also known as the dirty snowball hypothesis [2]
Whipple worked at the Harvard College Observatory for over 70 years and was the director of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory where he developed new methods imaging meteors . He was also president of several commissions at the International Astronomical Union and on NASA's panel for missions to small Solar System bodies.[2] naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 (M.P.C. 3828[13]
Physical characteristics [ edit ]
Whipple has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.[11]
Diameter and albedo [ edit ]
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS , the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 32.6 and 40.4 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.04 and 0.06.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.056 and a diameter of 33.8 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 11.1.[3]
Lightcurves [ edit ]
In December 2011, a rotational lightcurve was obtained for this asteroid from photometric observations by American astronomer Russel Durkee at the Shed of Science Observatory (H39 rotation period of ± 0.003magnitude (U=3 [10] ± 0.03René Roy in 2005 (U=2 [9]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1940) Whipple" . Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 September 2016 .
^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids" . The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 759 (1 ): 5. arXiv :1209.5794 Bibcode :2012ApJ...759L...8M . doi :10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 . Retrieved 25 September 2016 .
^ a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0" . NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 . Bibcode :2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 17 October 2019 .
^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey" . Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan . 63 5 ): 1117–1138. Bibcode :2011PASJ...63.1117U . doi :10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 online , AcuA catalog p. 153 )
^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos" . The Astrophysical Journal . 791 (2 ): 11. arXiv :1406.6645 Bibcode :2014ApJ...791..121M . doi :10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 .
^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal . 741 (2 ): 25. arXiv :1109.6407 Bibcode :2011ApJ...741...90M . doi :10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 .
^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1940) Whipple" . Geneva Observatory . Retrieved 25 September 2016 .
^ a b Durkee, Russell I. (April 2012). "Lightcurves of 1940 Whipple and (6823) 1988 ED1" . The Minor Planet Bulletin . 39 2 ): 92–93. Bibcode :2012MPBu...39...92D . ISSN 1052-8091 . Retrieved 25 September 2016 .
^ a b c Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results" . Icarus . 261 : 34–47. arXiv :1506.00762 Bibcode :2015Icar..261...34V . doi :10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 . Retrieved 25 September 2016 .
^ a b "1940 Whipple (1975 CA)" . Minor Planet Center . Retrieved 25 September 2016 .
^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008) 221 . doi :10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4 . ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1940_Whipple&oldid=1195683350 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● M i n o r p l a n e t o b j e c t a r t i c l e s ( n u m b e r e d ) ● B a c k g r o u n d a s t e r o i d s ● D i s c o v e r i e s b y t h e H a r v a r d C o l l e g e O b s e r v a t o r y ● N a m e d m i n o r p l a n e t s ● A s t r o n o m i c a l o b j e c t s d i s c o v e r e d i n 1 9 7 5 H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m O c t o b e r 2 0 1 9 ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J P L S B D B i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h M P C i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 4 J a n u a r y 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 1 : 4 2 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
