In the 19th century, John Flamsteednumbered the brighter stars, by constellation, from west to east, and 1 Geminorum was the first star listed in Gemini. It is also listed in the Bright Star Catalogue as star 2134, usually designated HR 2134 with the HR standing for the Harvard Revised catalog, the precursor to the Bright Star Catalogue.
In 1948, 1 Geminorum was discovered to be a close double star whilst using it to focus a telescope for observations of the planet Uranus. From initial observations of the spectrum, it was estimated that both components were giants and that the secondary was itself double.[9]Radial velocity variations had been found in 1906, but only one set of absorption lines could be detected in the spectrum and it was not possible to calculate a reliable orbit until 1976.[10]
1 Geminorum is a triple star system 0.17 degree south of the ecliptic. The primary component of the system, 1 Geminorum A, is a K-typered clump giant star around twice the mass of the Sun.[11] Component A is orbited by a spectroscopic binary pair of stars at a separation of about 9.4 astronomical units every 4877.6 days. The two secondary components, 1 Geminorum Ba and Bb, have not been resolved, but regular periodic Doppler shifts in the spectrum indicate orbital motion of a binary pairing consisting of an F-typesubgiant and a solar-mass star that may be G-type, separated by approximately 0.1234 astronomical units.[4]
In 1893, a 14th magnitude companion was reported by Sherburne Wesley Burnham94″ from the naked-eye star,[12] but it is a distant background object.[13]
1 Geminorum is listed as a suspected variable star with an amplitude of 0.05 magnitudes.[6]
^Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
^ abSamus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^Allende Prieto, C.; Lambert, D. L. (1999). "Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 352: 555–562. arXiv:astro-ph/9911002. Bibcode:1999A&A...352..555A.
^Griffin, R. F.; Radford, G. A. (1976). "Spectroscopic binary orbits from photoelectric radial velocities. Paper 10: 1 Geminorum B". The Observatory. 96: 188. Bibcode:1976Obs....96..188G.
^Zhao, G.; Qiu, H. M.; Mao, Shude (2001). "High-Resolution Spectroscopic Observations of Hipparcos Red Clump Giants: Metallicity and Mass Determinations". The Astrophysical Journal. 551 (1): L85. Bibcode:2001ApJ...551L..85Z. doi:10.1086/319832. S2CID119700315.
