Contents

2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections

2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections

← 2013 May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09) 2019 →

All 297 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines 149 seats needed for a majority

Congressional district elections

Party % Seats +/– Liberal 41.72 115 +6 NPC 17.04 42 0 NUP 9.67 23 −1 Nacionalista 9.42 24 +6 UNA 6.62 11 +3 Others 12.41 22 −2 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

Party-list election

Party % Seats +/– Ako Bicol 5.14 3 +1 Gabriela 4.22 2 0 1-Pacman 4.05 2 +2 ACT Teachers 3.65 2 +1 Senior Citizens 3.05 2 0 KABAYAN 2.60 2 +2 Agri-Agra 2.58 2 +1 PBA 2.41 2 +2 Buhay 2.35 2 −1 Abono 2.26 2 0 Anak Mindanao 2.18 2 +1 Coop-NATCCO 2.07 2 0 Others 41.45 34 +4 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Election results; map refers to results from congressional districts, with Metro Manila at the inset, while the boxes to the right represent party-list seats. Speaker before Speaker after Feliciano Belmonte Jr. Liberal Pantaleon Alvarez PDP–Laban

The 2016 Philippine House of Representatives elections were the 34th lower house elections in the Philippines. They were held on May 9, 2016, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The winning candidates were to comprise the House's contingent in the 17th Congress of the Philippines that would serve from June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2019.

The House of Representatives elections were part of the 2016 general election where elections for President, Vice President, Senators, and all local officials, including those from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, were also held.

The Philippines uses parallel voting in its lower house elections. There are 297 seats in the House; 238 of these are district representatives, and 59 are party-list representatives. The law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the plurality voting system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% "soft" election threshold, with a 3-seat cap. The party in the party-list election with the most votes usually wins three seats, the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats, and the parties with less than 2% of the vote winning a seat each if the 20% quota is not met.

Electoral system[edit]

The election for seats in the House of Representatives is done via parallel voting. A voter has two votes: one for one's local district, and another via the party-list system. A candidate is not allowed to stand for both ballots, and parties participating in the district elections would have to ask for permission on the Commission on Elections, with major parties not allowed to participate, in the party-list election.

Election via the districts[edit]

Each district sends one representative to the House of Representatives, with the winner having the highest number of votes winning that district's seat. The representatives from the districts comprise at most 80% of the seats.

Election via the party-list system[edit]

In the party-list system, the parties contesting the election represent a sector, or several sectors, or an ethnic group. In determining the winners, the entire country is treated as one "district". Each party that surpasses the 2% election threshold automatically wins one seat, they can win an additional number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received, but they can't have more than three seats. The representatives elected via the party-list system, also known as "sectoral representatives" should comprise at least 20% of the seats. However, since the winners from the parties that surpass the 2% threshold had not reached the 20% quota ever since the party-list system was instituted, the parties that received less than 2% of the first preference vote are given one seat each until the 20% quota has been filled up.^[1]

Campaigning[edit]

The parties contesting the district elections campaign at the district level; there is no national-level campaigning. While no party has been able to win a majority of seats in the House of Representatives since the 1987 elections, the party of the incumbent president had usually controlled the chamber in the phenomenon known locally as the "Padrino System" or patronage politics, with other parties aligning themselves with the president's policies in exchange for pork barrel and future political favors.

Usually, a gubernatorial candidate has a slate of candidates for vice governor, board members and representative. Gubernatorial candidates, aside from supporting a slate of national politicians, may also have slates in the individual cities or towns for mayors, vice mayors and councilors. These slates are usually under one party, but multi-party alliances are not uncommon.

Redistricting[edit]

Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.

These are currently 5 new districts that shall be contested in 2016:

• Davao Occidental

  No seat was added as the part of the old 2nd district of Davao del Sur shall be absorbed by its lone district, while the remainder became the province of Davao Occidental

• Biñan, alternatively the fifth district of Laguna
• Legislative districts of Batangas
  • Batangas City district designated as its fifth district
  • Lipa district designated as its sixth district
• Cebu–7th

These are House (HB) and Senate (SB) Bills that pertains to redistricting:

Retiring and term limited incumbents[edit]

There are 69 open seats in the House from incumbents that are term-limited and were not running.

Results[edit]

President Benigno Aquino III's Liberal Party emerged with the party having the plurality of seats in the House of Representatives, winning more than a hundred seats. Meanwhile, in the presidential election, Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban) emerged with an insurmountable lead over the Liberals' Mar Roxas.

Meanwhile, the Nationalist People's Coalition finished second in number of seats won, followed by the Nacionalista Party, National Unity Party, United Nationalist Alliance, Lakas–CMD, PDP–Laban, Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino and Aksyon Demokratiko. Several local parties also won seats, along with a handful of independents.

While PDP–Laban just won three seats, several members of the Liberal Party immediately abandoned that party in favor of PDP–Laban. PDP–Laban also signed coalition agreements with all major parties, including the Liberal Party, ensuring that they would have the numbers once the 17th Congress of the Philippines opens in late July.

Congressional districts results[edit]

Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	Liberal Party	15,552,401	41.72	+4.16	115	+6
	Nationalist People's Coalition	6,350,310	17.04	−0.04	42	0
	National Unity Party	3,604,266	9.67	+1.12	23	−1
	Nacionalista Party	3,512,975	9.42	+1.01	24	+6
	United Nationalist Alliance	2,468,335	6.62	−4.55	11	+3
	PDP–Laban	706,407	1.90	+0.90	3	New
	Lakas–CMD	573,843	1.54	−3.70	4	−10
	Aksyon Demokratiko	514,612	1.38	+1.03	1	New
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	198,754	0.53	+0.19	0	−1
	Asenso Manileño	184,602	0.50	New	2	New
	Kusog Baryohanon	172,601	0.46	New	1	New
	Partido Tinig ng Masa	145,417	0.39	New	1	New
	People's Champ Movement	142,307	0.38	New	1	New
	Bukidnon Paglaum	129,678	0.35	−0.01	1	0
	Lingap Lugud	127,762	0.34	New	1	New
	Padayon Pilipino	127,759	0.34	New	0	0
	One Cebu	114,732	0.31	+0.23	0	0
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	111,086	0.30	−0.02	2	0
	Arangkada San Joseño	83,945	0.23	New	1	New
	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino	78,020	0.21	−0.30	0	0
	Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran	72,130	0.19	−0.15	1	0
	Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod	53,186	0.14	−0.09	0	0
	Sulong Zambales	52,415	0.14	−0.07	0	0
	Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines	13,662	0.04	−0.20	0	−1
	Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka	7,239	0.02	−0.02	0	0
	Philippine Green Republican Party	4,426	0.01	New	0	0
	Independent	2,172,562	5.83	−0.09	4	−2
Party-list seats					59	0
Total		37,275,432	100.00	–	297	+4
Valid votes		37,275,432	83.97	+13.95
Invalid/blank votes		7,116,943	16.03	−13.95
Total votes		44,549,848	–	–
Registered voters/turnout		54,363,844	81.95	+4.48
Source: COMELEC (Seats won), (Turnout and electorate)

Detailed results[edit]

Notes

Party-list result[edit]

Politics of the Philippines
Government Constitution of the Philippines Charter Change Laws Legal codes Taxation
Executive President of the Philippines Bongbong Marcos (PFP) Vice President of the Philippines Sara Duterte (HNP) Cabinet (lists) Executive departments Local government
Legislature Congress of the Philippines 19th Congress Senate President Migz Zubiri (Independent) House of Representatives Speaker Martin Romualdez (Lakas) Districts Party-list representation Bangsamoro Parliament Provincial boards City councils Municipal councils Barangay councils
Judiciary Supreme Court of the Philippines Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo Court of Appeals Court of Tax Appeals Sandiganbayan Ombudsman Regional Trial Courts Barangay justice
Constitutional commissions Civil Service Commission Chairperson Karlo Nograles Commission on Audit Chairperson Gamaliel Cordoba Commission on Elections Chairperson George Garcia
Elections General 2016 2019 2022 Barangay 2013 2018 2023 Referendums
Political parties Akbayan Aksyon Lakas LDP Liberal Nacionalista NPC NUP PFP Reporma PDP UNA
Administrative divisions Capital Regions Autonomous regions Provinces Cities Municipalities Barangays Poblacions Sitios Puroks
Related topics Foreign relations Human rights
Philippines portal Other countries
v t e

The winning party-lists were proclaimed on May 19. The commission proclaimed 46 party-lists, with Ako Bicol winning the maximum three seats, while parties with at least 2% of the vote being guaranteed at least 1 seat.^[6] Eleven parties won 2 seats each, while 34 others won one seat each.^[7]

Ako Bicol won three seats for the second time in history, after achieving the same feat in 2010. Bayan Muna, on the other hand, failed to win at least 2 seats for the first time, after winning the maximum three seats in 2001, 2004 and 2007.