| ADH1B | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | ADH1B, ADH2, HEL-S-117, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 103720; MGI: 87921; HomoloGene: 133563; GeneCards: ADH1B; OMA:ADH1B - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH1B gene.[5][6]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol (beverage alcohol), retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. The encoded protein, known as ADH1B or beta-ADH, can form homodimers and heterodimers with ADH1A and ADH1C subunits, exhibits high activity for ethanol oxidation[7][8] and plays a major role in ethanol catabolism (oxidizing ethanol into acetaldehyde). The acetaldehyde is further metabolized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Three genes encoding the closely related alpha, beta and gamma subunits are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster.[9]
The human gene is located on chromosome 4 in 4q22.
Previously ADH1B was called ADH2. There are more genes in the family of alcohol dehydrogenase. These genes are now referred to as ADH1A, ADH1C, and ADH4, ADH5, ADH6 and ADH7.[10]
Asingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ADH1Bisrs1229984, that changes argininetohistidineatresidue 47 of the mature protein;[11] standard nomenclature now includes the initiating methionine, so the position is officially 48. The 'typical' variant of this has been referred to as ADH2(1) or ADH2*1 while the 'atypical' has been referred to as, e.g., ADH2(2), ADH2*2, ADH1B*48His. This SNP is associated with the risk for alcohol dependence, alcohol use disorders and alcohol consumption, with the atypical genotype having reduced risk of alcoholism.[12][13][14] The atypical genotype produces a more active enzyme and is associated with rice domestication.[15]
Another SNP is rs2066702 [Arg370Cys].[16] originally called position 369. This SNP is at high frequencies in populations from Africa, and also reduces risk for alcohol dependence.[17]
A marked decrease of ADH1B mRNA was detected in corneal fibroblasts taken from persons suffering from keratoconus.[18]
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PDB gallery
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1deh: CRYSTALLIZATION OF HUMAN BETA1 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (15 MG/ML) IN 50 MM SODIUM PHOSPHATE (PH 7.5), 2.0 MM NAD+ AND 1 MM 4-IODOPYRAZOLE AT 25 OC, 13% (W/V) PEG 8000
1hdx: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF THREE HUMAN ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE VARIANTS: CORRELATIONS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES
1hdy: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF THREE HUMAN ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE VARIANTS: CORRELATIONS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES
1hdz: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF THREE HUMAN ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE VARIANTS: CORRELATIONS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES
1hso: HUMAN ALPHA ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (ADH1A)
1hsz: HUMAN BETA-1 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (ADH1B*1)
1ht0: HUMAN GAMMA-2 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENSE
1htb: CRYSTALLIZATION OF HUMAN BETA3 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (10 MG/ML) IN 100 MM SODIUM PHOSPHATE (PH 7.5), 7.5 MM NAD+ AND 1 MM 4-IODOPYRAZOLE AT 25 C
1u3t: Crystal Structure of Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Alpha-Alpha Isoform Complexed with N-Cyclopentyl-N-Cyclobutylformamide Determined to 2.5 Angstrom Resolution
1u3u: Crystal Structure of Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Beta-1-Beta-1 Isoform Complexed with N-Benzylformamide Determined to 1.6 Angstrom Resolution
1u3v: Crystal Structure of Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Beta-1-Beta-1 Isoform Complexed with N-Heptylformamide Determined to 1.65 Angstrom Resolution
1u3w: Crystal Structure of Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gamma-2-Gamma-2 Isoform Complexed with N-1-Methylheptylformamide Determined to 1.45 Angstrom Resolution
3hud: THE STRUCTURE OF HUMAN BETA 1 BETA 1 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE: CATALYTIC EFFECTS OF NON-ACTIVE-SITE SUBSTITUTIONS
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