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1917

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1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1917th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 917th year of the 2nd millennium, the 17th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1917, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[edit]

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

January[edit]

• January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's Desert Column.^[1]
• January 10 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party were rescued after being stranded for several months.^[2]
• January 11 – Unknown saboteurs set off the Kingsland Explosion at Kingsland (modern-day Lyndhurst, New Jersey), one of the events leading to United States involvement in WWI.^[3]
• January 16 – The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million.
• January 22 – WWI: United States President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Germany.
• January 25 – WWI: British armed merchantman SS Laurentic is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly (Ireland), with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard.
• January 26 – The sea defences at the English village of Hallsands are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable.
• January 28 – The United States ends its search for Pancho Villa.
• January 30 – Pershing's troops in Mexico begin withdrawing back to the United States. They reach Columbus, New Mexico February 5.

February[edit]

• February 1 – WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the 'Sussex Pledge'.
• February 3 – WWI: The United States severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
• February 12: Club Deportivo Toluca F.C. was founded on February 12, 1917 in the house of the Ferrat-Solá family, located at number #37 on the avenue Juárez the charter of Deportivo Toluca was lifted; forming a board of directors that was joined by personalities such as Leonardo and Joaquín Sánchez, Abel Moreno and Manuel Lara.
• February 13
  • Mata Hari is arrested in Paris for spying.
  • WWI – Raid on Nekhl: Units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force completely reoccupy the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula.
• February 21 – British troopship SS Mendi is accidentally rammed and sunk off the Isle of Wight, killing 646, mainly members of the South African Native Labour Corps.^[4]
• February 24 – WWI: Walter Hines Page, United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico, if Mexico will take sides with Germany, in case the United States declares war on Germany.

March[edit]

• March 1
  • WWI: The U.S. government releases the text of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
  • Ōmuta, Japan, is founded by Hiroushi Miruku.
• March 2 – The enactment of the Jones Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
• March 4
  • Woodrow Wilsonissworn in for a second term, as President of the United States.
  • Jeannette RankinofMontana becomes the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives.
• March 7 – "Livery Stable Blues", recorded with "Dixie Jazz Band One Step" on February 26, by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in the United States, becomes the first jazz recording commercially released. On August 17 the band records "Tiger Rag".
• March 8 – (N.S.) (February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins in Russia: Women calling for bread in Petrograd start riots, which spontaneously spread throughout the city.
• March 10 – The Province of Batangas is formally founded, as one of the Philippines' first encomiendas.
• March 11 – Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza is elected president of Mexico; the United States gives de jure recognition of his government.
• March 12 – The Russian Duma declares a Provisional Government. It was dissolved 4 months later.
• March 14 – WWI: The Republic of China terminates diplomatic relations with Germany.
• March 15 (N.S.) (March 2, O.S.) – Emperor Nicholas II of Russia abdicates his throne and his son's claims. This is considered to be the end of the Russian Empire, after 196 years.
• March 16 (N.S.) (March 3, O.S.) – Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia refuses the throne, and power passes to the newly formed Provisional Government, under Prince Georgy Lvov.
• March 25 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores the autocephaly, abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.
• March 26 – WWI – First Battle of Gaza: British Egyptian Expeditionary Force troops virtually encircle the Gaza garrison, but are then ordered to withdraw, leaving the city to the Ottoman defenders.
• March 30 – Hjalmar Hammarskjöld steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden; he is replaced by right-wing businessman and politician Carl Swartz.
• March 31 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies, which become the US Virgin Islands, after paying $25 million to Denmark.

April[edit]

• April – Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki, the first anime, is released in Japan.
• April 2 – WWI: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson asks the United States Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.
• April 6 – WWI: The United States declares war on Germany.
• April 8 (N.S.) (March 26, O.S.) – In Petrograd, 40,000 ethnic Estonians demand national autonomy within Russia.
• April 9–May 16 – WWI: Battle of Arras – British Empire troops make a significant advance on the Western Front but are unable to achieve a breakthrough.
• April 9–12 – WWI: Canadian troops win the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
• April 10 – Eddystone explosion: an explosion at an ammunition plant near Chester, Pennsylvania, kills 139, mostly female workers.
• April 11 – WWI: Brazil severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
• April 12 (N.S.) (March 30 O.S.) – The Autonomous Governorate of Estonia is formed within Russia, from the Governorate of Estonia and the northern part of the Governorate of Livonia.
• April 16
  • (N.S.) (April 3, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin arrives at the Finland StationinPetrograd.
  • WWI: The Nivelle Offensive commences.

• April 17
  • (N.S.) (April 4, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin's April Theses are published.^[5] They become very influential in the following July Days and Bolshevik Revolution.
  • WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Second Battle of Gaza. This unsuccessful frontal attack on strong Ottoman defences along with the first battle, results in 10,000 casualties, the dismissal of force commander General Archibald Murray, and the beginning of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
  • The Times and the Daily Mail (London newspapers both owned by Lord Northcliffe) print atrocity propaganda of the supposed existence of a German Corpse Factory processing dead soldiers' bodies.^[6][7][8][9]
• April 19 – WWI: Army transport SS Mongolia (1903) fires the United States' first shots in anger in the war when her gun crew drives off a German U-boat in the English Channel seven miles southeast of Beachy Head.^[10]
• April 26 – WWI: The Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, to settle interests in the Middle East, is signed.

May[edit]

• May 3 – WWI: 1917 French Army mutinies begin.
• May 9 – WWI: The Nivelle Offensive is abandoned.
• May 13 – Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, is consecrated ArchbishopbyPope Benedict XV.^[11]
• May 13–October 13 (at monthly intervals) – 10-year-old Lúcia Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto report experiencing a series of Marian apparitions near Fátima, Portugal, which become known as Our Lady of Fátima.
• May 15 – Robert Nivelle is replaced as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army, by Philippe Pétain.
• May 18 – WWI: The Selective Service Act passes the United States Congress, giving the President the power of conscription.
• May 21 – Over 300 acres (73 blocks) are destroyed in the Great Atlanta fire of 1917 in the United States.
• May 22
  • The Commissioned Officer Corps of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey is established.
  • Ell Persons is lynched in Memphis, in connection with the rape and murder of 16-year-old Antoinette Rappal.
• May 23
  • A month of civil violence in Milan, Italy ends, after the Italian army forcibly takes over the city from anarchists and anti-war revolutionaries; 50 people are killed and 800 arrested.^[12]
  • WWI: During the Stalemate in Southern Palestine the Raid on the Beersheba to Hafir el Auja railway, by the British Desert Column, large sections of the railway line linking Beersheba to the main Ottoman desert base are destroyed.
• May 26 – A tornado strikes Mattoon, Illinois, causing devastation and killing 101 people.
• May 27
  • WWI: 1917 French Army mutinies: Over 30,000 French troops refuse to go to the trenches at Missy-aux-Bois.
  • Pope Benedict XV promulgates the 1917 Code of Canon Law.

June[edit]

• June 1 – 1917 French Army mutinies: A French infantry regiment seizes Missy-aux-Bois, and declares an anti-war military government. Other French army troops soon apprehend them.
• June 4 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maud Howe Elliott and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for a biography, (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history, for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert Bayard Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism, for his work for the New York World.
• June 5 – WWI: Conscription begins in the United States.
• June 7 – WWI: Battle of Messines opens with the British Army detonating 24 ammonal mines under the German lines, killing 10,000 in the deadliest deliberate non-nuclear man-made explosion in history.
• June 8 – Speculator Mine disaster: A fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine, outside Butte, Montana, kills at least 168 workers.
• June 11 – King Constantine I of Greece abdicates for the first time, being succeeded by his son Alexander.
• June 13 – WWI: The first major German bombing raid on London by fixed-wing aircraft leaves 162 dead and 432 injured.
• June 15 – The United States enacts the Espionage Act.

July[edit]

• July – The first Cottingley Fairies photographs are taken in Yorkshire, England, apparently depicting fairies (a hoax not admitted by the child creators until 1981).
• July 1 – WWI: Russian General Brusilov begins the major Kerensky offensiveinGalicia, initially advancing towards Lemberg.
• July 1–3 – East St. Louis massacre: A labor dispute ignites a race riotinEast St. Louis, Illinois, which leaves 250 dead.
• July 2 – WWI: Greece joins the war on the side of the Allies.^[13][14]
• July 6 – WWI:
  • Battle of Aqaba: Arabian troops, led by T. E. Lawrence, capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire.
  • The Conscription Crisis of 1917 in Canada leads to passage of the Military Service Act.
• July 7 – The Lions Clubs International is formed in the United States.
• July 8–13 – WWI: First Battle of Ramadi – British troops fail to take Ramadi from the Ottoman Empire; a majority of British casualties are due to extreme heat.
• July 12 – Bisbee Deportation: The Phelps Dodge Corporation deports over 1,000 suspected IWW members from Bisbee, Arizona.
• July 16–17 – Russian troops mutiny, abandon the Austrian front, and retreat to Ukraine; hundreds are shot by their commanding officers during the retreat.
• July 16–18 – July Days: Serious clashes occur in Petrograd; Vladimir Lenin escapes to Finland; Leon Trotsky is arrested.
• July 17 – King George V of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor, vice the Germanic bloodline of House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (an offshoot of the historic (800+ years) House of Wettin).
• July 20
  • The Parliament of Finland, with a Social Democratic majority, passes a "Sovereignty Act", declaring itself, as the representative of the Finnish people, sovereign over the Grand Principality of Finland. The Russian Provisional Government does not recognize the act, as it would have devolved Russian sovereignty over Finland, formerly exercised by the Russian Emperor as Grand Prince of Finland, and alter the relationship between Finland and Russia into a real union, with Russia solely responsible for the defence and foreign relations of an independent Finland.
  • (July 7, O.S.) – Alexander Kerensky becomes premier of the Russian Provisional Government, replacing Prince Georgy Lvov.
  • The Russian Provisional Government enacts women's suffrage.
  • The Corfu Declaration, which enables the establishment of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and the Kingdom of Serbia.
• July 20–28 – WWI: Austrian and German forces repulse the Russian advance into Galicia.
• July 25 – Sir William Thomas White introduces Canada's first income tax as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
• July 28 – The Silent Parade is organized by the NAACP in New York City, to protest the East St. Louis massacre of early July, as well as lynchings in Tennessee and Texas.
• July 30 – The Parliament of Finland is dissolved by the Russian Provisional Government. New elections are held in the autumn, resulting in a bourgeois majority.
• July 31 – WWI: Battle of Passchendaele ("Third Battle of Ypres") – Allied offensive operations commence in Flanders.

August[edit]

• August 2–3 – The Green Corn Rebellion, an uprising by several hundred farmers against the WWI draft, takes place in central Oklahoma.
• August 2 – Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning lands his aircraft on the ship HMS FuriousinScapa Flow, Orkney. He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship.
• August 3 – The New York Guard is founded.
• August 10 – A general strike begins in Spain; it is smashed after 3 days with 70 left dead, hundreds of wounded and 2,000 arrests.
• August 14 – The Republic of China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.
• August 17 – One of English literature's important meetings takes place, when Wilfred Owen introduces himself to Siegfried Sassoon at the Craiglockhart War HospitalinEdinburgh.
• August 18 – The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 in Greece destroys 32% of the city, leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.
• August 29 – WWI: The Military Service Act is passed in the House of Commons of Canada, giving the Government of Canada the right to conscript men into the army.

September[edit]

• September 11 – The Bellevue Conference was held.
• September 14 (September 1 Old Style) – Russia is declared a republic by the Provisional Government.
• September 23 – Leon Trotsky is elected Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.
• September 25 – The Mossovet (Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies) votes to side with the Bolsheviks.
• September 26–October 3 – WWI – Battle of Polygon Wood (part of the Battle of Passchendaele) near Ypres in Belgium: British and Australian troops capture positions from the Germans.
• September 28–29 – WWI – Second Battle of Ramadi: British troops take Ramadi from the Ottoman Empire.

October[edit]

• October 4 – WWI: Battle of Broodseinde near Ypres – British Imperial forces overpower the German 4th Army's defences.
• October 12 – WWI: First Battle of Passchendaele: – Allies fail to take a German defensive position, with the biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand, over 800 men and 45 officers are killed, roughly 1 in 1,000 of the nation's population at this time.
• October 12–19 – WWI: Operation Albion – German forces land on and capture the West Estonian archipelago.
• October 13 – The Miracle of the Sun is reported at Fátima, Portugal.
• October 19
  • Dallas Love Field Airport is opened in Texas.
  • Carl Swartz leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after dismal election results for the right-wing in the Riksdag elections in September. He is replaced by liberal leader and history professor Nils Edén.
• October 23 – A Brazilian ship is destroyed by a German U-boat, encouraging Brazil to enter World War I.
• October 24 – WWI: Battle of Caporetto opens between the Kingdom of Italy and the Central Powers near Kobarid in the Austrian Littoral. It is the first major engagement for junior German officer Erwin Rommel.
• October 26 – WWI: Brazil declares war against the Central Powers.

• October 27 – WWI: Battle of Buqqar Ridge – Ottoman forces attack British Desert Mounted Corps units garrisoning El-Buqqar Ridge, during the last days of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
• October 31 – WWI: Battle of Beersheba – The British XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps (Egyptian Expeditionary Force) attack and capture Beersheba from Ottoman forces, ending the stalemate in Southern Palestine. The battle includes a rare (by this date) mounted charge, by Australian mounted infantry.

November[edit]

• November 1 – WWI:
  • The British XXI Corps of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Third Battle of Gaza.
  • The British Desert Mounted Corps begins the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe, in the direction of Hebron and Jerusalem.
• November 2 – Zionism: The British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour makes the Balfour Declaration, proclaiming British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..., it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities".
• November 5 (N.S.) (October 23, O.S.) – Estonian and Russian Bolsheviks seize power in Tallinn, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, two days before the October RevolutioninPetrograd.
• November 6
  • WWI – Second Battle of Passchendaele: After 3 months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Passchendaele in Belgium (the battle concludes on November 10).
  • WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria is launched by the British XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps, against the central Ottoman defences protecting the Gaza to Beersheba Road.
  • Militants from Trotsky's committee join with trusty Bolshevik soldiers, to seize government buildings and pounce on members of the provisional government.
• November 7
  • (N.S.) (October 25, O.S.) – October Revolution in Russia: The workers of the Petrograd Soviet in Russia, led by the Bolshevik Party and leader Vladimir Lenin, storm the Winter Palace and successfully destroy the Kerensky Provisional Government after less than eight months of rule. This immediately triggers the Russian Civil War.
  • Iran (which has provided weapons for Russia) refuses to support the Allied Forces after the October Revolution.
  • WWI – Third Battle of Gaza: The British Army XXI Corps occupies Gaza, after the Ottoman garrison withdraws.
  • WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria continues, when the XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps capture Hareira and Sheria, marking the end of the Ottoman Gaza to Beersheba line.
  • Women's Suffrage in the United States: Women win the right to vote in New York State.^[15]
• November 8 (N.S.) (October 26, O.S.) – Following the October Revolution, Alexandra Kollontai is appointed People's Commissar for Social Welfare in the Council of People's Commissars of the Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the first woman cabinet minister in Europe.
• November 13 – WWI:
  • Battle of Mughar Ridge: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks retreating Yildirim Army Group forces, resulting in the capture of 10,000 Ottoman prisoners, 100 guns and 50 miles (80 km) of Palestine territory.
  • The ANZAC Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) successfully fights the Battle of Ayun Kara, in the aftermath of the Battle of Mughar Ridge against strong German rearguards.
• November 15
  • "Night of Terror" in the United States: Influential suffragettes from the Silent Sentinels are deliberately subjected to physical assaults by guards while imprisoned.
  • The Parliament of Finland passes another "Sovereignty Act", dissolving Russian sovereignty over Finland and effectively declaring Finland independent.
  • (N.S.) (November 2, O.S.) – The Provincial Assembly of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia declares itself the highest legal body in Estonia, in opposition to Bolsheviks.
• November 16
  • WWI: Battle of Ayun Kara: The ANZAC Mounted Division occupies Jaffa.
  • Georges Clemenceau becomes prime minister of France.
• November 17
  • WWI: Action of 17 November 1917: United States Navy destroyers USS Fanning and USS Nicholson capture Imperial German Navy U-boat SMU-58 off the south-west coast of Ireland, the first combat action in which U.S. ships take a submarine (which is then scuttled).
  • WWI: The Battle of Jerusalem (1917) begins, with the Egyptian Expeditionary Force launching attacks against Ottoman forces in the Judean Hills.^[16]
  • The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals is founded in the United Kingdom.
• November 19 – WWI: Battle of Caporetto ends with Austrian and German forces driving the Italian army to retreat 150 kilometres south to the Piave river. The Italians lose 13,000 killed, 30,000 wounded, around 270,000 taken prisoner (mostly willingly) and 50,000 deserted; the government of Paolo Boselli collapses on November 29.
• November 20
  • WWI: Battle of Cambrai – British forces, using tanks, make early progress in an attack on German positions, but are soon beaten back.
  • The Ukraine is declared a republic.
• November 22 – In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the National Hockey Association suspends operations.
• November 23 – The Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes–Picot Agreementof1916inIzvestia and Pravda; it is printed in the Manchester GuardianonNovember 26.
• November 24 – A bomb kills 9 members of the Milwaukee Police Department, the most deaths in a single event in U.S. police history (until the September 11 attacksin2001).
• November 25 – WWI: Battle of Ngomano – German forces defeat a Portuguese army of about 1,200 at Negomano, on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania.
• November 26 – The National Hockey League is formed in Montreal, as a replacement for the recently disbanded National Hockey Association.
• November 28 – WWI: The Bolsheviks offer peace terms to the Germans.

December[edit]

• December – Annie Besant becomes president of the Indian National Congress.
• December 3 – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic (the bridge partially collapsed on August 29, 1907 and September 11, 1916).

• December 6
  • The Senate of Finland officially declares the country's independence from Russia.
  • Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax HarbouratHalifax, Nova Scotia, and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinity nuclear test in 1945).
  • WWI: U.S. Navy destroyer USS Jacob Jones is torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine U-53, killing 66 crew in the first significant American naval loss of the war.^[17]
• December 9 – WWI – Battle of Jerusalem: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force accepts the surrender of Jerusalem by the mayor, Hussein al-Husayni, following the effective defeat of the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group.
  • WWI – The Kingdom of Romania signs the Armistice of Focșani with the Central Powers.
• December 11 – WWI: General Edmund Allenby leads units of the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force into Jerusalem on foot through, the Jaffa Gate.
• December 17 – The Raad van Vlaanderen proclaims the independence of Flanders.
• December 20 (N.S.) (December 7, O.S.) – The Cheka, a predecessor to the KGB, is established in Russia.
• December 23 (N.S.) (December 10, O.S.) – A local plebiscite supports transferring Narva and Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) from the Petrograd Governorate, to the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
• December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams's Why Marry?, the first dramatic play to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre, New York City.
• December 26 – United States President Woodrow Wilson uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration, hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently.
• December 30 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force secures the victory at the Battle of Jerusalem, by successfully defending Jerusalem from numerous Yildirim Army Group counterattacks.

Date unknown[edit]

• The first edition of the World Book Encyclopedia – simply known as The World Book – is published by the Hanson-Roach-Fowler Company,^[18] and is one of the first American encyclopedias to cover the major areas of knowledge to a mass audience.
• Women are permitted to stand in national elections in the Netherlands.
• The True Jesus Church is established in Beijing.
• Nakajima Aircraft Company, as predecessor of Subaru, a car manufacturing company in Japan, founded in Ota, Gunma Prefecture.^{[page needed]}

Births[edit]

January[edit]

• January 2
  • Vera Zorina, Norwegian dancer, actress (d. 2003)
  • K. M. Mathew, Indian newspaper editor (d. 2010)
• January 3
  • Liu Zhonghua, Chinese military officer (d. 2018)
  • D. J. Finney, British statistician (d. 2018)
• January 5
  • Adolfo Consolini, Italian discus thrower (d. 1969)
  • Lucienne Day, British textile designer (d. 2010)
  • Francis L. Kellogg, American diplomat, prominent socialite (d. 2006)
  • Jane Wyman, American actress, philanthropist, and first wife of Ronald Reagan (d. 2007)
• January 6 – Koo Chen-fu, Nationalist Chinese negotiator (d. 2005)
• January 10
  • Saul Cherniack, Canadian politician, lawyer (d. 2018)
  • Jerry Wexler, American record producer (d. 2008)
• January 12 – Jimmy Skinner, American hockey coach (d. 2007)^[19]
• January 15 – K. A. Thangavelu, Indian film actor, comedian (d. 1994)
• January 17 – M. G. Ramachandran, Tamil Nadu chief minister, actor (d. 1987)
• January 21 – Erling Persson, Swedish businessman, founder of H&M (d. 2002)
• January 24 – Ernest Borgnine, American actor (d. 2012)
• January 25
  • Ilya Prigogine, Russian-born physicist, chemist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2003)
  • Jânio Quadros, 22nd President of Brazil (d. 1992)
• January 26 – Louis Zamperini, American prisoner of war (World War II), Olympic distance athlete (1936), and Christian evangelist (d. 2014)^[20]
• January 29 – John Raitt, American actor, singer (d. 2005)

February[edit]

• February 2 – Đỗ Mười, Vietnamese leader (d. 2018)
• February 3 – Shlomo Goren, Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel (d. 1994)
• February 4 – Yahya Khan, 3rd President of Pakistan (d. 1980)
• February 5 – Isuzu Yamada, Japanese actress (d. 2012)
• February 6
  • John Franzese, Italian-born American prisoner (d. 2020)
  • Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-born actress (d. 2016)
• February 9 – Joseph Conombo, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (d. 2008)
• February 11
  • T. Nagi Reddy, Indian revolutionary (d. 1976)
  • Sidney Sheldon, American author, television writer (d. 2007)^[21]
• February 14 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2011)^[22]
• February 17
  • Abdel Rahman Badawi, Egyptian existentialist philosopher (d. 2002)
  • Whang-od, Filipino mambabatok or tattoo artist
• February 18 – Tuulikki Pietilä, Finnish artist (d. 2009)
• February 19 – Carson McCullers, American author (d. 1967)
• February 20 – Juan Vicente Torrealba, Venezuelan harpist, composer (d. 2019)
• February 21 – Lucille Bremer, American actress, dancer (d. 1996)
• February 23 – Abdelmunim Al-Rifai, 2-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 1985)
• February 25
  • Anthony Burgess, English author (d. 1993)^[23]
  • Brenda Joyce, American actress (d. 2009)
• February 27
  • John Connally, Governor of Texas (d. 1993)
  • Laine Mesikäpp, Estonian actress, singer and folk song collector (d. 2012)
• February 28 – Ernesto Alonso, Mexican actor, director, cinematographer, and producer (d. 2007)

March[edit]

• March 1
  • Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)^[24]
  • Dinah Shore, American singer (d. 1994)
• March 2
  • Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, musician, and television producer; co-founder of Desilu Productions (d. 1986)
  • Babiker Awadalla, 8th Prime Minister of Sudan (d. 2019)
  • Max Webb, Polish-American real estate developer and philanthropist (d. 2018)
• March 3 – Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear scientist (d. 1952)
• March 5 – Raymond P. Shafer, 39th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2006)
• March 6
  • Samael Aun Weor, Colombian writer (d. 1977)
  • Will Eisner, American cartoonist (d. 2005)
• March 12
  • Giovanni Benedetti, Italian Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
  • Leonard Chess, Polish-American record company executive, co-founder of Chess Records (d. 1969)
  • Googie Withers, British actress (d. 2011)
• March 16 – Mehrdad Pahlbod, Iranian royal and politician (d. 2018)
• March 18 – Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, Romanian politician (d. 2017)
• March 19
  • Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (d. 1950)
  • Sardon Jubir, Malaysian politician (d. 1985)
• March 20
  • Haddon Donald, New Zealand Army Lieutenant Colonel and politician (d. 2018)
  • Dame Vera Lynn, English actress, singer (d. 2020)
• March 21 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archeologist, politician, and Military Chief of Staff (d. 1984)
• March 22 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004)
• March 24
  • Constantine Andreou, Brazilian-Greek artist (d. 2007)
  • John Kendrew, British molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1997)
• March 26 – Rufus Thomas, American singer (d. 2001)
• March 27 – Cyrus Vance, American politician (d. 2002)

April[edit]

• April 1 – Sydney Newman, Canadian-born television producer (d. 1997)
• April 5 – Robert Bloch, American writer (d. 1994)
• April 7
  • R. G. Armstrong, American actor (d. 2012)
  • Mongo Santamaría, Cuban jazz musician (d. 2003)
• April 8 – Hubertus Ernst, Dutch Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
• April 9
  • Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
  • Vincent O'Brien, Irish racehorse trainer (d. 2009)^[25]
• April 10 – Robert Burns Woodward, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• April 11 – Morton Sobell, American spy (d. 2018)
• April 12 – Džemal Bijedić, Yugoslav politician (d. 1977)
• April 13
  • Bill Clements, Governor of Texas (d. 2011)
  • Li Rui, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2019)
• April 14 – Valerie Hobson, British actress (d. 1998)
• April 15 – Hans Conried, American actor (d. 1982)
• April 16 – Barry Nelson, American actor (d. 2007)
• April 22 – Yvette Chauviré, French ballerina (d. 2016)
• April 23 – Dorian Leigh, American model (d. 2008)
• April 24 – Song Ping, Chinese communist revolutionary and former politician.
• April 25 – Ella Fitzgerald, American jazz singer (d. 1996)^[26]
• April 26 – I. M. Pei, Chinese-born architect (d. 2019)
• April 28 – Minoru Chiaki, Japanese actor (d. 1999)
• April 29
  • Bernard Blossac, French fashion illustrator (d. 2002)
  • Maya Deren, Russian-American experimental filmmaker (d. 1961)
  • Celeste Holm, American actress (d. 2012)

May[edit]

• May 1
  • John Beradino, American baseball player and actor, best known for his role in General Hospital (d. 1996)
  • Ulric Cross, Trinidadian judge, diplomat and war hero (d. 2013)
  • Danielle Darrieux, French singer, actress (d. 2017)
  • Fyodor Khitruk, Russian animator (d. 2012)
• May 3
  • José Del Vecchio, Venezuelan physician, youth baseball promoter (d. 1990)
  • George Gaynes, Finland-born American actor (d. 2016)
  • Kiro Gligorov, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2012)
• May 6 – Morihiro Higashikuni, Japanese prince (d. 1969)
• May 7 – David Tomlinson, English actor (d. 2000)
• May 12 – Frank Clair, Canadian football coach (d. 2005)
• May 14 – Lou Harrison, American composer (d. 2003)
• May 15 – Jerzy Duszyński, Polish actor (d. 1978)
• May 16 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer, photographer (d. 1986)^[27]
• May 20 – Bergur Sigurbjörnsson, Icelandic politician (d. 2005)
• May 21 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor, best known for his role in Perry Mason (d. 1993)
• May 22 – Georg Tintner, Austrian conductor (d. 1999)
• May 24 – Florence Knoll, American architect, furniture designer (d. 2019)
• May 28
  • Papa John Creach, African-American fiddler (d. 1994)
  • Marshall Reed, American film, television actor (d. 1980)
• May 29 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (d. 1963)
• May 31 – Zilka Salaberry, Brazilian actress (d. 2005)

June[edit]

• June 1 – William S. Knowles, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)^[28]
• June 4 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
• June 6 – Kirk Kerkorian, Armenian-American businessman, billionaire (d. 2015)
• June 7
  • Gwendolyn Brooks, African-American writer (d. 2000)^[29]
  • Dean Martin, American actor, singer (d. 1995)^[30]
• June 8 – Byron White, American football player and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2002)
• June 9 – Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-born British historian (d. 2012)^[31]
• June 10 – Ruari McLean, Scottish-born typographer (d. 2006)
• June 13 – Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan writer (d. 2005)^[32]
• June 14
  • Lise Nørgaard, Danish journalist, writer (d. 2023)
  • Atle Selberg, Norwegian mathematician (d. 2007)
• June 15 – John Fenn, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• June 16
  • Phaedon Gizikis, President of Greece (d. 1999)
  • Katharine Graham, American publisher (d. 2001)^[33]
  • Irving Penn, American photographer (d. 2009)^[34]
• June 17 – Huang Feili, Chinese conductor, musical educator (d. 2017)
• June 18
  • Richard Boone, American actor (d. 1981)
  • Erik Ortvad, Danish artist (d. 2008)
• June 24 – Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, Iranian lawyer, political activist and politician (d. 2013)
• June 25
  • Nils Karlsson, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2012)
  • Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018)
• June 26 – Idriz Ajeti, Albanian albanologist (d. 2019)
• June 29 – Ling Yun, Chinese politician (d. 2018)
• June 30
  • Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
  • Lena Horne, American singer, actress (d. 2010)

July[edit]

• July 1
  • Shyam Saran Negi, Indian schoolteacher (d. 2022)
  • Virginia Dale, American actress, dancer (d. 1994)
  • Álvaro Domecq y Díez, Spanish aristocrat (d. 2005)
  • Naji Talib, Prime Minister of Iraq (d. 2012)
• July 2 – André Lafargue, French journalist, resistance fighter (d. 2017)
• July 4 – Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)
• July 6
  • Heribert Barrera, Spanish chemist, politician (d. 2011)
  • Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner, athletics coach (d. 2004)
• July 7
  • Larry O'Brien, American politician, former NBA commissioner (d. 1990)
  • Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
• July 9
  • Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of the Holocaust (d. 2019)
  • Peter Moyes, Australian educator (d. 2007)
• July 10
  • Şeref Alemdar, Turkish basketball player (d. unknown)
  • Dayton S. Mak, U.S. diplomat (d. 2018)
  • Reg Smythe, English cartoonist (d. 1998)
• July 11 – Per Carleson, Swedish épée fencer (d. 2004)
• July 12
  • Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier, pilot (d. 2014)
  • Andrew Wyeth, American painter (d. 2009)
  • Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Indian statesman (d. 2006)
• July 15
  • Robert Conquest, British historian (d. 2015)^[35]
  • Reidar Liaklev, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2006)
  • Joan Roberts, American actress (d. 2012)
• July 17
  • Gus Arriola, Mexican-American comic strip cartoonist, animator (d. 2008)
  • Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian (d. 2012)
  • Kenan Evren, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
  • Generoso Jiménez, Cuban trombone player (d. 2007)
  • Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer (d. 1979)
• July 18
  • Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)
  • Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
• July 19 – William Scranton, American politician (d. 2013)
• July 20 – Paul Hubschmid, Swiss actor (d. 2001)
• July 21
  • Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer, jurist (d. 2005)
  • Sidney Leviss, American Democratic politician (d. 2007)
• July 22
  • Larry Hooper, American singer, musician (d. 1983)
  • Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1984)
• July 23
  • Charles Kerruish, Manx politician (d. 2003)^[36][37]
  • Omar Yoke Lin Ong, Malaysian politician, diplomat and businessman (d. 2010)
• July 24 – Henri Betti, French composer, pianist (d. 2005)
• July 25 – Fritz Honegger, 79th president of Switzerland (d. 1999)
• July 26 – Lorna Gray, American actress (d. 2017)
• July 27 – Wu Zhonghua, Chinese physicist, pioneered three-dimensional flow theory (d. 1992)
• July 30 – Keith Rae, Australian rules footballer (d. 2021)

August[edit]

• August 6 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997)
• August 7 – Raja Perempuan Zainab, Queen of Malaysia (d. 1993)
• August 8 – Earl Cameron, Bermudian actor (d. 2020)
• August 9 – Jao Tsung-I, Chinese-born Hong Kong scholar, poet, calligrapher and painter (d. 2018)
• August 11 – Vasiľ Biľak, Slovak Communist leader (d. 2014)
• August 12 – Marjorie Reynolds, American actress (d. 1997)
• August 15
  • Jack Lynch, 5th Prime Minister of Ireland (d. 1999)
  • Óscar Romero, Salvadoran Roman Catholic Archbishop (d. 1980)
• August 17 – Zvi Keren, American-born Israeli pianist, musicologist and composer (d. 2008)
• August 18 – Caspar Weinberger, United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2006)
• August 21 – Esther Cooper Jackson, African-American civil rights activist (d. 2022)
• August 22 – John Lee Hooker, African-American musician (d. 2001)
• August 23
  • Hu Chengzhi, Chinese palaeontologist, palaeoanthropologist (d. 2018)
  • Miguel Alvarez del Toro, Mexican biologist (d. 1996)
• August 25
  • Mel Ferrer, Cuban-American actor, film director, producer (d. 2008)
  • Lisbeth Movin, Danish actress (d. 2011)
  • Lou van Burg, Dutch television personality, game show host (d. 1986)
• August 26 – William French Smith, 74th United States Attorney General (d. 1990)
• August 28 – Jack Kirby, American comic book artist (d. 1994)^[38]
• August 29 – Isabel Sanford, African-American actress, best known for her role in The Jeffersons (d. 2004)
• August 30
  • Denis Healey, English politician, author (d. 2015)
  • Margaret Costa, British food writer (d. 1999)

September[edit]

• September 5 – Pedro E. Guerrero, American photographer (d. 2012)
• September 6 – Philipp von Boeselager, German Wehrmacht officer, failed assassin of Adolf Hitler (d. 2008)^[39]
• September 7
  • Xerardo Fernández Albor, Spanish politician and physician (d. 2018)
  • Leonard Cheshire, British war hero (d. 1992)
  • John Cornforth, Australian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
  • Tetsuo Hamuro, Japanese swimmer (d. 2005)
• September 10 – Miguel Serrano, Chilean diplomat, explorer and journalist (d. 2009)
• September 11
  • Donald Blakeslee, American aviator (d. 2008)
  • Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012)
  • Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
  • Jessica Mitford, Anglo-American writer (d. 1996)
  • Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer, racehorse owner (d. 2001)
• September 17 – Henry Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1992)
• September 18 – June Foray, American voice actress (d. 2017)^[40]
• September 20
  • Red Auerbach, American basketball coach, official (d. 2006)
  • Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (d. 1994)
• September 22 – Anna Campori, Italian actress (d. 2018)
• September 23
  • Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (d. 2006)
  • El Santo, Mexican professional wrestler and actor (d. 1984)
• September 24 – Otto Günsche, German general (d. 2003)
• September 26 – Tran Duc Thao, Vietnamese phenomenologist and Marxist philosopher (d. 1993)
• September 28 – Wee Chong Jin, Singaporean judge (d. 2005)