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AM404

Active metabolite of paracetamol

This article is missing information about history of discovery — who gave it this codename?. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (December 2022)

AM404

Identifiers
IUPAC name (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)- N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)icosa- 5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
CAS Number	183718-77-6 N 198022-70-7
PubChem CID	6604822
ChemSpider	5037081 Y
UNII	XVJ94H0U21
ChEMBL	ChEMBL39878 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID60424985
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C26H37NO2
Molar mass	395.587 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(Nc1ccc(O)cc1)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC
InChI InChI=1S/C26H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-26(29)27-24-20-22-25(28)23-21-24/h6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,20-23,28H,2-5,8,11,14,17-19H2,1H3,(H,27,29)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15- Y Key:IJBZOOZRAXHERC-DOFZRALJSA-N Y
NY (what is this?)  (verify)

AM404, also known as N-arachidonoylphenolamine,^[1][2] is an active metaboliteofparacetamol (acetaminophen), responsible for all or part of its analgesic action^[3] and anticonvulsant effects.^[4] Chemically, it is the amide formed from 4-aminophenol and arachidonic acid.

Pharmacology[edit]

It is established that AM404 increases concentrations of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide within the synaptic cleft, contributing to its analgesic activity.^[5] This has been well characterised as involving endocannabinoid transporter inhibition, but the precise transporter responsible is yet to be determined.^[5][6][7]

AM404 was originally reported to be an endogenous cannabinoid reuptake inhibitor, preventing the transport of anandamide and other related compounds back from the synaptic cleft, much in the same way that common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants prevent the reuptake of serotonin. Earlier work on the mechanism of AM404 suggested that the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) by AM404 was responsible for all of its attributed reuptake properties, since intracellular FAAH hydrolysis of anandamide changes the intra/extracellular anandamide equilibrium.^[7] However, this is not the case, as newer research on FAAH knockout mice has found that brain cells internalize anandamide through a selective transport mechanism which is independent of FAAH activity.^[6] It is this mechanism which is inhibited by AM404.

AM404 is also a TRPV1 agonist and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, thus attenuating prostaglandin synthesis. AM404 is thought to induce its analgesic action through its activity on the endocannabinoid, COX, and TRPV systems, all of which are present in pain and thermoregulatory pathways.^[5] AM404 activates vanilloid receptors causing vasodilation which is inhibited by the vanilloid receptor antagonist capsazepine.^[8]

The anticonvulsant action is mediated through CB1 receptors.^[4]

See also[edit]

• VDM-11 (2-methyl analogue)

References[edit]