J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 E t y m o l o g y a n d o r i g i n s
T o g g l e E t y m o l o g y a n d o r i g i n s s u b s e c t i o n
1 . 1 E t y m o l o g y
1 . 2 O r i g i n s
2 H i s t o r y
T o g g l e H i s t o r y s u b s e c t i o n
2 . 1 R e s i s t a n c e a g a i n s t t h e M u g h a l s
2 . 2 B r i t i s h R a j
2 . 3 F i r s t K a s h m i r W a r
3 C l a n s
4 R e l i g i o n
5 L i s t o f n o t a b l e A f r i d i s
T o g g l e L i s t o f n o t a b l e A f r i d i s s u b s e c t i o n
5 . 1 I n S p o r t s
5 . 2 P o l i t i c i a n s
5 . 3 C o m b a t a n t s
5 . 4 B u s i n e s s m a n
5 . 5 O t h e r s
6 R e f e r e n c e s
7 E x t e r n a l l i n k s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
A f r i d i
2 2 l a n g u a g e s
● ব া ং ল া ● C a t a l à ● D e u t s c h ● ف ا ر س ی ● F r a n ç a i s ● ह ि न ् द ी ● B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a ● ქ ა რ თ უ ლ ი ● Қ а з а қ ш а ● L i e t u v i ų ● മ ല യ ാ ള ം ● م ص ر ى ● N e d e r l a n d s ● N o r s k b o k m å l ● پ ن ج ا ب ی ● پ ښ ت و ● Р у с с к и й ● S i m p l e E n g l i s h ● T ü r k ç e ● У к р а ї н с ь к а ● ا ر د و ● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
I n o t h e r p r o j e c t s
● W i k i m e d i a C o m m o n s
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Ethnic group
The Afrīdī (Pashto : اپريدی Aprīdai , plur. اپريدي Aprīdī ; Urdu : آفریدی ) are a Pashtun tribe present mostly in tribal areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan .
The Afridis are most dominant in the Spin Ghar range west of Peshawar in Tribal areas of modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , covering most of the Khyber Pass and Maidan in Tirah .[1]
Etymology and origins
[ edit ]
Etymology
[ edit ]
Herodotus , in his Histories , mentions an Indian tribe[2] Achaemenid satrapy of Arachosia .[3] Thomas Holdich and Olaf Caroe have linked them with the Afridi tribe:[4] [5] [6] [7]
The Sattagydae, Gandarii, Dadicae, and Aparytae (Ἀπαρύται) paid together a hundred and seventy talents; this was the seventh province
— Herodotus, The Histories, Book III, Chapter 91, Section 4
Origins
[ edit ]
Aurel Stein described Afridis with lighter and fair features, similar to their Dardic neighbours , in contrast to the Afghans living on the other side of the Khyber Pass , whom he described as darker and swarthier.[8] [9]
History
[ edit ]
Resistance against the Mughals
[ edit ]
The Afridis and their allies Khalils were first mentioned in the memoirs of Mughal Emperor Babar as violent tribes in need of subduing.[10] Indian subcontinent with Afghanistan and Central Asia. Its strategic value was not lost on the Mughals to whom the Afridis were implacably hostile.[11]
Over the course of Mughal rule, Emperors Akbar and Jahangir both dispatched punitive expeditions to suppress the Afridis, with little success.[9]
Under the leadership of Darya Khan Afridi , they engaged in protracted warfare against the Mughal army in the 1670s.[12] Mughal armies of Emperor Aurangzeb : in 1672, in a surprise attack between Peshawar and Kabul , and in the winter of 1673, in an ambush in the mountain passes.[13] Rajput general Rai Tulsidas with reinforcements into the mountains to suffocate the revolt and liberate the mountain.[13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
British Raj
[ edit ]
During the First , Second , and Third Anglo-Afghan Wars , Afridis fought against the British; these skirmishes comprised some of the fiercest fighting of the Anglo-Afghan Wars .[18] Ajab Khan Afridi was a well-known independence activist against the British Raj .
The British colonial administration regarded the Pashtun Afridi tribesmen as "martial tribe" under the martial races theory .[19] Khyber Rifles , an auxiliary force of the British Indian Army .[19] [20]
First Kashmir War
[ edit ]
Shortly after the Partition of India and the creation of Pakistan , Afridi tribesmen were among the ranks of the Pashtun militias that invaded the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in October 1947, sparking the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 and the ongoing Kashmir conflict .[21] Durand Line in areas of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province by controlling transport and various businesses, including trade in armaments, munitions and goods.[22] Pakistan Armed Forces and paramilitary forces such as Khyber Rifles .
Clans
[ edit ]
The Afridi Tribe is subclassified into eight sub-tribes (Ḵels ), which reflect the different ethnic groups which joined to make the Afrīdīs:[23] [24]
Kūkī Ḵēl
Kambar Ḵēl
Zakkā/Zəḵā Ḵēl
Kamar/Kamraʾī Ḵēl
Malek-dīn Ḵēl
Sepāh
Akā Ḵēl
Ādam Ḵēl
Religion
[ edit ]
Afridis follow the Sunni sect of Islam . Their conversion to Islam is attributed to Sultan (Emperor) Mahmud of Ghazni by Denzil Ibbetson [25] [26]
List of notable Afridis
[ edit ] Shahid Afridi in 2017
In Sports
[ edit ]
Politicians
[ edit ]
Combatants
[ edit ]
Ajab Khan Afridi , a rebel fighter during the British Raj who carried out an attack on British forces, sparking the Afridi Redshirts Rebellion
Darya Khan Afridi , a national hero of Afghanistan who closed the gates of Khyber and ambushed the Mughal Invaders of Aurangzeb raining down their firepower onto the confused mass, reconquering the lands of the Khyber Pass , famed warrior of the Afghan-Mughal Wars
Sher Ali Afridi , former policeman from Peshawar who assassinated Lord Mayo , the Viceroy of British India , in 1872
Mir Mast Khan Afridi, defected from the British Army during the First World War and recruited fellow ethnic Pashtun soldiers of the Tribal Belt for the Ottoman cause operating from Afghanistan [27]
Malik Wali Khan Kuki Khel Afridi, Kashmir Jihad Veteran and Activist of the Pashtunistan Movement in Independent Pakistan.[28] [29]
Khushdil Khan Afridi , military general in the Pakistan Army .
Businessman
[ edit ]
Others
[ edit ]
Monawar Khan Afridi , a brigadier in the British Indian Army, notably a doctor during the Burma Campaign working against Malaria and later served as the third Vice-Chancellor for the University of Peshawar
Khatir Afridi , Pashto poet from Pakistan
Shakeel Afridi , a physician from Pakistan
Ayub Afridi , a drug smuggler from Pakistan
Ahmad Kamal Faridi (Colonel Fareedi, Colonel Faridi), a character of Ibn-e-Safi , world renowned mystery writer/novelist of Pakistan. Ibn-e-Safi showed in his two novels (out of 125 novels) of Jasoosi Dunya The Spy World ) novel number 52 and novel number 117 that Colonel Fareedi belongs to Afridi tribe.
Malik Sher Muhammad Khan Afridi, Chief of Sepah . He along with the Maliks of Khyber Agency visited Kolkatta on train from Peshawar along with Political Agent, Colonel Robert Warburton .[30] Afridis and the British Government during the 19th century, also mentioned in the book Eighteen Years in the Khyber .[31]
Malik Muhammad Akbar Afridi Sepah, 1946–1998, former Chieftain of the Bara of Khyber Agency , met Princess Diana and former British Prime Minister John Major during their visits to Peshawar , Pakistan .
Zeek Afridi , a Pashto singer from Peshawar
References
[ edit ]
^ "The History of Herodotus Chapter 3, Verse 91; Written 440 B.C.E, Translated by G. C. Macaulay" . sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 21 February 2015 .
^ "Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 91, section 4" . www.perseus.tufts.edu . Retrieved 3 November 2020 .
^ Dani, Ahmad Hasan (2007). History of Pakistan: Pakistan through ages ISBN 978-969-35-2020-0
^ Holdich, Thomas (12 March 2019). The Gates of India, Being an Historical Narrative ISBN 978-0-530-94119-6
^ Caroe, Olaf (1957). The Pathans, 550 B.C.-A.D. 1957 . Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 0-19-577221-0
^ Stewart, J. (2007). The Savage Border: The Story of the North-West Frontier ISBN 978-0-7524-9607-8 Stein, Aurel (1925). "Notes on Tirahi. The Speakers of Tirahi" . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 3 ): 399–404. ISSN 0035-869X . JSTOR 25220760 .
^ a b "AFRĪDĪ" . Encyclopaedia Iranica .
^ A. S. Beveridge, Babor-nama London, 1922 [repr. 1969], p. 412
^ History of Khyber Agency: Gateway to the Subcontinent Archived 13 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine , Office of the Political Agent, Khyber Agency
^ Momand, Ahmad Gul. The Bare Language of Khoshal's Poetry [permanent dead link
^ a b Richards, John F. (1996), "Imperial expansion under Aurangzeb 1658–1869. Testing the limits of the empire: the Northwest.", The Mughal Empire ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2
^ Khyber Agency [usurped]
^ Geoffrey Powell; J. S. W. Powell (1983), Famous regiments (illustrated ed.), Secker & Warburg, p. 69, ISBN 978-0-436-37910-9
^ Robert E. L. Masters; Eduard Lea (1963). Perverse crimes in history: evolving concepts of sadism, lust-murder, and necrophilia from ancient to modern times . Retrieved 5 April 2011 .
^ Robert E. L. Masters; Eduard Lea (1963). Sex crimes in history: evolving concepts of sadism, lust-murder, and necrophilia, from ancient to modern times . Retrieved 5 April 2011 .
^ L. Thomas, Beyond Khyber Pass , London, n.d. (ca. 1925)
^ a b Clarke, Alexander (30 October 2020). Tribals, Battles & Darings: The Genesis of the Modern Destroyer ISBN 978-1-5267-7291-6
^ Stewart, Dr Jules (22 June 2006). The Khyber Rifles: From the British Raj to Al Qaeda ISBN 978-0-7524-9558-3
^ M.K. Teng (2001) Kashmir: The Bitter Truth Archived 26 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Kashmir Information Network
^ Afridi demographics in Pakistan and Afghanistan [usurped] Pashtunistan and actually represents an estimate of the whole of the Afridi tribe on both sides of the frontier.
^ Nirvan, Kiran (20 May 2019). 21 Kesaris: The Untold Story of the Battle of Saragarhi ISBN 978-93-89000-41-2
^ "AFRĪDĪ" . Encyclopaedia Iranica .
^ Denzil Ibbetson, Edward MacLagan, H. A. Rose "A Glossary of The Tribes & Castes of The Punjab & North-West Frontier Province", 1911 AD, Page 217, Vol. III, Published by Asian Educational Services
^ History of the Pathans by Haroon Rashid Published by Haroon Rashid, 2002 Item notes: v. 1 Page 45 Original from the University of Michigan
^ M. Fahim Jemadar Mir Mast Khan Afridi: An Unsung Afridi Pashtun Hero Who Refused to Fight against Ottoman Army and Deserted the British Raj (2020) Pakistan Info
^ History of Pashtuns - Pashtunistan & Malik Wali Kuki Khel
^ Pakistan Old Memories (2022) Leader of the Kuki Khel Afridis
^ "Eighteen Years in the Khyber, 1879-1898 — Viewer — World Digital Library" .
^ "Review of Eighteen Years in the Khyber, 1879–1898 by Col. Sir Robert Warburton"
External links
[ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afridi&oldid=1233738746 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● A f r i d i p e o p l e ● K a r l a n i P a s h t u n t r i b e s ● P a s h t o - l a n g u a g e s u r n a m e s ● P a k i s t a n i n a m e s ● S u r n a m e s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s f r o m N o v e m b e r 2 0 2 3 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h p e r m a n e n t l y d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● E n g v a r B f r o m O c t o b e r 2 0 1 3 ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m F e b r u a r y 2 0 2 0 ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● " R e l a t e d e t h n i c g r o u p s " n e e d i n g c o n f i r m a t i o n ● A r t i c l e s u s i n g i n f o b o x e t h n i c g r o u p w i t h i m a g e p a r a m e t e r s ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g P a s h t o - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g U r d u - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L C C N i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 0 J u l y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 6 : 5 4 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
