Saeltzer was engaged in February 1849 to design the synagogue at 172 Norfolk Street[6] in an area of New York known as kleine Deutschland (Little Germany).[7] The synagogue's Gothic Revival style was inspired by the Cologne CathedralinCologne, Germany, and Friedrichwerdesche Kirche in Berlin.[8][9] According to a 1987 report by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, while Gothic architecture is closely associated with Christianity, it had also become popular with synagogues as Jewish congregations had taken over old church buildings and become accustomed to the style, and viewed it as just as appropriate as any other architectural style.[10]
Debuted with celebration, the layout of the Ten Commandments and the use of stained glass in the synagogue later caused some controversy within the congregation.[7]
It was the demise of the Astor Opera House that spurred New York's elite to build a new opera house in what was then the more genteel neighborhood of Union Square.[11] Efforts were led by Moses H. Grinnell, who formed a corporation in 1852 to fund the construction of the building. Shares were sold at $1,000 each to raise $200,000.[12] When finished, the building[13] – who was designing the Astor Library at about the same time, and had previously designed Anshe Chesed Synagogue[3][14][15] – was the world's largest opera venue with seats for four thousand arranged on five levels (orchestra, parquette, balcony and first, second and third tiers) and an interior height from floor to dome of 80 feet (24 m).[16] It had a plush interior, and private boxes in the orchestra, but, perhaps due to newspaper editorials questioning the project's republican values,[17] was consciously somewhat less "aristocratized" then the Astor Opera House had been – there, general admissions were relegated to the benches of a "cockloft" reachable only by a narrow stairway, and otherwise isolated from the gentry below, while in the new theatre many of the regular seats were relatively inexpensive.[18] The stage's proscenium opening was 48 feet (15 m), with an additional 35 feet (11 m) in the wings, and a depth of 70 feet (21 m) from the footlights to the back wall. The height of the proscenium opening was 30 feet (9.1 m).[16]
The acoustics were lauded, but seating arrangement and vies came infor criticism.[19]
Saeltzer won the competition to build the library designed the building in Rundbogenstil style, then the prevailing style for public building in Germany.[20] Funding was provided by William B. Astor, son of the library's founder, John Jacob Astor. Astor funded two expansions of the building toward Astor Place by Griffith Thomas from 1856 to 1869 and Thomas Stent from 1879 to 1881.[21] Both large expansions followed Saeltzer's original design making it difficult for an observer to detect that the edifice was built in three stages.
The building is a New York City Landmark, designated in 1965.[23] It was one of the first buildings to be recognized as such by the newly formed Landmarks Preservation Commission of New York City, thanks to Joseph Papp's perseverance.[24] In 2009, The Public began its “Going Public” campaign to raise funds for a major renovation of the historic building.[25][26] Groundbreaking for the $35 million renovation occurred on March 9, 2010, with notables such as Liev Schreiber and Philip Seymour Hoffman in attendance.[27] Plans include a renovation of Joe's Pub; the Pub went on a three-month hiatus during the summer of 2011 to allow for construction.[28]
It opened in 1866 as the Theatre Francais and was renamed the Lyceum in 1871. When J.H. Haverly took it over in 1879, he had renamed it Haverly's 14th Street Theatre. By the mid-1880s, it had become simply the Fourteenth Street Theatre.[32] By the mid-1910s it was being used as a movie theatre, until actress Eva Le Gallienne turned it into the Civic Repertory Theater in 1926. She mounted a number of successful productions, but the Great Depression ended that venture in 1934.[33] The building was demolished in 1938[34][35] or 1948.[30]
Duncan, Sherman & Company building at 11 Pine Street on the corner of Nassau. Saeltzer used iron in the building and disguised it as stone using scagliola.[38]
The New Architect: Containing [architectural Designs] for Picturesque Dwellings, Villas, &c., [...]e Scenery, Plans, Details and Descriptions : [...] Critical Observations on Their Style and Character, Volume 1 Alexander Saeltzer, A. Sáeltzer, 1851