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Analley-oopinbasketball is an offensive play in which one player passes the ball near the basket to a teammate who jumps, catches the ball in mid-air and dunksorlays it in before touching the ground.
The alley-oop combines elements of teamwork, pinpoint passing, timing and finishing.
The term "alley-oop" is derived from the French term allez hop!, the cry of a circus acrobat about to leap.[1]
The term “Alley Oop” was first popularized in the United States in 1932 as the name of a syndicated comic strip created by cartoonist V. T. Hamlin.
Insports, the term "alley-oop" first appeared in the 1950s by the San Francisco 49ers of the NFL to describe a high arcing pass from quarterback Y. A. Tittle to wide receiver R.C. Owens, who would outleap smaller cornerbacks for touchdown receptions. "The Catch", the Dwight Clark touchdown reception from Joe Montana by which the 49ers gained entry into their first Super Bowl, was also an "alley-oop" pass. The term later became better known from its use in basketball.
In the 1950s, some players began grabbing balls in mid-air and then dunking. K. C. Jones and Bill Russell teamed up to perform the alley-oop several times while at the University of San Francisco in the mid-1950s.[2][3]
In addition, Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain at the University of Kansas and 'Jumping' Johnny GreenatMichigan State University would frequently grab errant shots by teammates and dunk them. This resulted in a tightening in the enforcement of offensive goaltending rules in NCAA and NBA basketball in the late 1950s.[2]
The Phillips 66ers of the National Industrial Basketball League had an alley-oop play in its playbook where Charlie Bowerman would pass the ball to Don Kojis.[4] Kojis played two seasons for the 66ers between 1961 and 1963 making that the time period when the play was executed.[5]
Al Tucker and his brother Gerald at Oklahoma Baptist University are sometimes mistakenly credited with being the first to use the alley-oop in the mid-60s.[6]InBill Walton's record-setting 44-point, 21-for-22 shooting performance for UCLA in the 1973 NCAA championship game against Memphis State, six of his baskets came on alley-oop plays.
Some others credit David Thompson as the first player to execute the classic alley-oop play while at North Carolina State University, with his teammates Monte Towe and Tim Stoddard performing the necessary lob passes. NCSU's Thompson popularized the play during the early 1970s, exploiting his 44-inch vertical leap to make the above-the-rim play a recurring staple in the Wolfpack's offensive attack.[7] Because dunking was illegal in college basketball at that time, upon catching the pass, Thompson would simply drop the ball through the hoop – never dunking one until the final play of the final home game of his career.
After a decade of dunking prohibition ended in the NCAA in 1976, the alley-oop became associated in the late 1970s with Michigan State's Earvin 'Magic' Johnson and Greg Kelser. The duo connected for many highlight alley-oops and would showcase the play in their 1979 national championship run, including the most watched game in the history of the sport, the famed Magic vs. Bird championship game.[8] Three years later, unheralded Idaho made the alley-oop an integral part of their undersized offense in 1982,[9] ended the regular season eighth in both major polls at 26–2,[10][11] and advanced to the Sweet Sixteen.[12]
The following year, North Carolina State also won the national championship on what could be considered the most famous alley-oop of all time against heavily favored Houston in the 1983 championship gameatThe PitinAlbuquerque, New Mexico. With time running out and the score tied, guard Dereck Whittenburg shot short of the rim, which effectively functioned as a pass to Lorenzo Charles, who caught the ball and stuffed it through the net to win the title in a huge upset.[13][14][15]
During the 1990s, NBA stars turned the alley-oop into the game's ultimate quick-strike weapon. In recent years,[clarification needed] teams have often run the alley-oop as a planned play. The 2008 National Champions Kansas Jayhawks had several designs for alley-oops, including some thrown from inbound sets, and could execute them interchangeably with almost all of the players being able to both lob and finish the play.
In the 2008 film Semi-Pro, the protagonist invents the alley-oop after being knocked unconscious and speaking with his deceased mother in a depiction of Heaven.
Mickey Mouse frequently uses this phrase in early cartoons.
The phrase is also said by Killjoy in the computer game Valorant when an alarmbotorturret gets an assist on an enemy player.
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