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Born in Carregal de Tabosa, Sernancelhe, the natural son of Joaquim Francisco Ribeiro, a priest, and Mariana do Rosário Gomes, he had three older siblings: Maria do Rosário, Melchior and Joaquim. He was originally destined for the priesthood, but became involved with the Portuguese Republican Party in opposition to the Royal House of Braganza.
Although he did not participate directly, he was involved in the Lisbon Regicide and knew the plan and the assassins, as he stated in his work "Um escritor confessa-se” (A Writer Confesses).[2][3] Between 1908 and 1914, he lived between Paris and Berlin, cities where he broadened his horizons enormously.
In 1914, he returned to Portugal, after the start of World War I. By then, the Portuguese First Republic had been established.
He was later involved in opposition to António de Oliveira Salazar and the Estado Novo, whose government had moved to censor or ban several of his books.
He was married twice: in 1913 to Grete Tiedemann (ca. 1890-1927), a German, by whom he had a son, Aníbal Aquilino Fritz Tiedeman Ribeiro in 1914; then, in 1929, to Jerónima Dantas Machado, daughter of the deposed President of Portugal Bernardino Machado, by whom he had a son Aquilino Ribeiro Machado, in 1930, who became the 60th Mayor of Lisbon (1977–1979).
