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Arhynchobdellida , the proboscisless leeches , are a monophyletic order of leeches . They are defined by the lack of the protrusible proboscis that defines their sister taxon, the Rhynchobdellida .[1] [2] [3] Arhynchobdellida is a diverse order, compromising both aquatic and terrestrial , besides sanguivorous and predatory , leeches.[3] The order is divided into two suborders, Erpobdelliformes and Hirudiniformes (sometimes also called the Pharyngobdelliformes and Gnathobdelliformes, respectively).[1]
Taxonomy
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Historically, the Arhynchobdellida were split into two orders, the Gnathobdellida and the Pharyngobdellida.[4] The Gnathobdellida were jawed and carnivorous or parasitic while the Pharyngobdellida were jawless and carnivorous.[5] [6] Current taxonomy accepts the order Arhynchobdellida and divides into two suborders. There are 215 species of Arhynchobdellid leech, in 47 genera and 13 families.[7] The placement of Americobdellidae is uncertain; it has rudimentary jaws and is terrestrial.
Erpobdella octoculata (Erpobdelliformes:Erpobdellidae)
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Erpobdelliformes are jawless predators of aquatic invertebrates of varying sizes, including insect larvae, mollusks, and other annelids.[8] [9] Unlike other leeches, they do not penetrate the skin of hosts; and are not at all parasitic.[10] [11] The pharynx is spirally twisted and very large to allow for large prey; it can constitute up to one third of the leech's body length.[1]
Haemipsida zeylanica japonica (Hirudiniformes:Haemipsidae)
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Hirudiniformes are a diverse suborder defined by the presence of toothed jaws.[1] [11]
Cladogram
[ edit ]
Hirudinea
Arhynchobdellida
Hirudiniformes
Americobdellidae ?
Terrestrial, jawed*, carnivorous
Cylicobdellidae
Terrestrial, jawed, carnivorous
Haemadipsidae
Terrestrial, jawed, almost all sanguivorous
Haemopidae
Semi-aquatic, jawed, sanguivorous
Hirudinidae
Terrestrial, jawed, carnivorous
Macrobdellidae
Praobdellidae
Aquatic, jawed, sanguivorous
Semiscolecidae
Xerobdellidae
Terrestrial, jawed, sanguivorous
Rhynchobdellida
Source:[12]
References
[ edit ]
^ a b c d Ax, Peter (2000), Ax, Peter (ed.), "Rhynchobdellida — Arhynchobdellida" , Multicellular Animals: The Phylogenetic System of the Metazoa. Volume II , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 72–76, doi :10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_18 , ISBN 978-3-662-10396-8 , retrieved 2022-12-31
^ Ecology, Environment and Conservation . EM International, Publishers of Quality International Journals. doi :10.53550/eec .
^ a b Uttam, Suneha, and Seema Langer. "Distribution and Identification key for species of freshwater leech genus Erpobdella Blainville, 1818 (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes: Erpobdellidae)."
^ "PAR volume 94 issue 1 Cover and Back matter" . Parasitology . 94 (1 ): b1–b3. Feb 1987. doi :10.1017/S0031182000053385 . ISSN 1469-8161 .
^ "Pharyngobdellida | Encyclopedia.com" . www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2023-01-01 .
^ "Gnathobdellida | Encyclopedia.com" . www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2023-01-01 .
^ "Proboscisless leeches - Encyclopedia of Life" . www.eol.org . Retrieved 2023-01-01 .
^ Kwak, Hee-Jin; Kim, Jung-Hyeuk; Kim, Joo-Young; Jeon, Donggu; Lee, Doo-Hyung; Yoo, Shinja; Kim, Jung; Eyun, Seong-il; Park, Soon Cheol; Cho, Sung-Jin (2021-05-25). "Behavioral variation according to feeding organ diversification in glossiphoniid leeches (Phylum: Annelida)" . Scientific Reports . 11 (1 ): 10940. doi :10.1038/s41598-021-90421-1 . ISSN 2045-2322 . PMC 8149456 . PMID 34035418 . S2CID 235199192 .
^ "Phylogeny and Revision of Erpobdelliformes (Annelida, Arhynchobdellida) from Mexico Based on Nuclear and Mithochondrial Gene Sequences" . Docslib . Retrieved 2022-12-31 .
^ Kutschera, U. "Description of a new leech species, Erpobdella wuttkei nov. sp.(Hirudinea: Erpobdellidae) ."
^ a b Borda, Elizabeth; Siddall, Mark E (Jan 2004). "Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): phylogenetic relationships and evolution" . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 30 (1 ): 213–225. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.002 . ISSN 1055-7903 . PMID 15022771 .
^ Borda, Elizabeth; Sidall, Mark (2004-12-30). "Review of the evolution of life history strategies and phylogeny of the Hirudinida (Annelida: Oligochaeta)" . Lauterbornia . 52 : 7–15 – via ResearchGate.
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arhynchobdellida&oldid=1193483013 "
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