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Arthur Strong Wightman (March 30, 1922 – January 13, 2013) was an American mathematical physicist . He was one of the founders of the axiomatic approach to quantum field theory , and originated the set of Wightman axioms .[1] With his rigorous treatment of quantum field theories, he promoted research on various aspects of modern mathematical physics .[2]
Biography [ edit ]
Arthur Wightman was born on March 30, 1922, in Rochester , in New York . He studied at the Yale University and in 1942 he earned a bachelor's degree in physics. In 1949 he received his doctorate at the Princeton University under the supervision of John Wheeler .[3] He intended to graduate with Eugene Wigner , but he was spending most of his time at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory .[4] In the early 1950s, he started as a young instructor in the Princeton Physics department and later became the Thomas D. Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics, in 1971. He retired in 1992 as professor emeritus .[5] In the years 1951–1952 and 1956–1957 he was a visiting researcher at the University of Copenhagen at the Niels Bohr Institute , where he worked in particular with Gunnar Källén and Lars Gårding . In 1957 he was at the University of Paris and in the years 1963–1964 and 1968–1969 at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques . Between 1977 and 1978 he was visiting professor at the École Polytechnique in Paris and in 1982 at the University of Adelaide .[6]
Wightman has been married twice. His first wife, Anna-Greta Larsson, was an artist and photographer and died early. They had a daughter, Robin, who also died prematurely. The second wife was the Bulgarian translator Ludmilla Popova Wightman. Wightman died on January 13, 2013, in Princeton , in New Jersey .[7]
Scientific career [ edit ]
Already during his undergraduate studies, Arthur Wightman had close contacts with the mathematics department in Princeton. Together with the mathematician John Tate , Wightman was engaged in the work on the Lorentz and Poincaré groups representations .[8]
In the 1950s, he introduced his Wightman axioms as a mathematical foundation to relativistic quantum field theory. Quantum fields are treated as distributions in space-time. The Hilbert space carries a unitary representation of the Poincaré group under which the field operators transform covariantly. Wightman's paper with D. Hall reported to a theorem that stated that the expectation value of the product of two fields,
ϕ
(
x
)
ϕ
(
y
)
{\displaystyle \phi (x )\phi (y )}
, could be analytically continued to all separations
(
x
−
y
)
{\displaystyle (x-y)}
.[9] : 425 Using this, Res Jost was able to derive the PCT and the spin-statistics theorems , as shown in Wightman's and Streater 's book.[10] Together with Eugene Wigner and Gian-Carlo Wick , he introduced superselection rules and studied the representations of commutator and anti-commutator algebras with the mathematician Lars Gårding .[11]
Honors and awards [ edit ]
In 1969 Arthur Wightman was awarded the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics for founding and contributing in developing axiomatic quantum field theory[12] and in 1997 the Henri Poincaré Prize of the International Association of Mathematical Physics [13] for his central role in the foundations of the general theory of quantum fields.[2] Since 1964 he was a fellow of the American Physical Society ,[14] since 1966 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ,[15] and since 1970 of the United States National Academy of Sciences .[16] In 1962 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Stockholm .[17] In 1976 he was Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecturer .[18]
Selected publications [ edit ]
Streater, Raymond F.; Wightman, Arthur S. (1989). PCT, spin and statistics, and all that . ISBN 978-0691070629 .
Wightman, Arthur S. (1956). "Quantum Field Theory in Terms of Vacuum Expectation Values". Physical Review . 101 (2 ): 860–866. Bibcode :1956PhRv..101..860W . doi :10.1103/PhysRev.101.860 .
Wightman, Arthur S.; Gårding, Lars (1965). "Fields as operator-valued distributions in relativistic quantum theory". Arkiv för Fysik . 28 .
Wightman, Arthur S. (1969). "What is the point of so-called axiomatic field theory?". Physics Today . 22 (9 ): 53–58. Bibcode :1969PhT....22i..53W . doi :10.1063/1.3035782 .
Wightman, Arthur S. (1967). Introduction to some aspects of the relativistic dynamics of quantized fields, Cargese Lectures in Theoretical Physics . Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
Wightman, Arthur S. (1977). "Should We Believe in Quantum Field Theory?". 15th Erice School of Subnuclear Physics: The Why's of Subnuclear Physics . pp. 983–1025.
Wick, Gian Carlo; Wightman, Arthur S.; Wigner, Eugene P. (1952). "The intrinsic parity of elementary particles". Physical Review . 88 (1 ): 101–105. Bibcode :1952PhRv...88..101W . doi :10.1103/PhysRev.88.101 .
Wightman, Arthur S. (1981). "Looking back at quantum field theory". Physica Scripta . 24 (5 ): 813–816. doi :10.1088/0031-8949/24/5/001 .
Jaffe, Arthur; Wightman, Arthur S.; Jost, Res (1990). "For Res Jost, and To Arthur Wightman" . Communications in Mathematical Physics . 132 (1 ): 1–4. doi :10.1007/BF02277996 .
Wightman, Arthur S. (1989). "The theory of quantized fields in the 50s". Pions to Quarks: Particle Physics in the 50s . 50 : 255–261.
See also [ edit ]
Hilbert's sixth problem
PCT Theorem
Principle of locality
Quantum field theory
Wightman axioms
Wightman functional
References [ edit ]
^ The doctoral thesis is Wightman, Arthur (1949). The Moderation and Absorption of Negative Pions in Hydrogen (Thesis). Princeton. Bibcode :1949PhDT........16W .
^ Simon, Barry , ed. (March 2015). "In Memory of Arthur Strong Wightman" (PDF) . Notices of the AMS . 62 (3 ): 249–257. doi :10.1090/noti1219 .
^ Aizenman, Michael; Lieb, Elliott; Nelson, Edward. "Arthur Strong Wightman 1922-2013" . Princeton University . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "Biography from the APS" . aip.org . Archived from the original on December 22, 2015.
^ Jaffe, Arthur; Simon, Barry (January 2013). "Arthur Strong Wightman (1922–2013)" (PDF) . News Bulletin, International Association of Mathematical Physics : 34–36.
^ Jaffe, Arthur; Wightman, Arthur S.; Jost, Res (1990). "For Res Jost, and To Arthur Wightman" . Communications in Mathematical Physics . 132 (1 ): 1–4. doi :10.1007/BF02277996 .
^ Duck, Ian; Sudarshan, Ennackel Chandy George; Sudarshan, E. C. G. (1998). Pauli and the spin-statistics theorem (1. reprint ed.). Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-02-3114-9 .
^ Streater, Raymond F.; Wightman, Arthur S. (1989). PCT, spin and statistics, and all that . ISBN 978-0691070629 .
^ Streater, Ray. "Table of contents, Streater, Wightman PCT, Spin, Statistics and all that " . mth.kcl.ac.uk . Archived from the original on July 16, 2012.
^ "1969 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics Recipient" . American Physical Society . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "Henri Poincaré Prize winners" . International Association of Mathematical Physics . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "APS Fellow Archive" . American Physical Society . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "American Academy of Arts and Sciences member page of Arthur Wightman" . National Academy of Sciences . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "National Academy of Sciences member page of Arthur Wightman" . National Academy of Sciences . Retrieved March 6, 2021 .
^ "International Congress of Mathematicians. List of Members, Stockholm 1962" (PDF) . International Mathematical Union . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
^ "Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectures" . American Mathematical Society . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Simon, Barry , ed. (March 2015). "In Memory of Arthur Strong Wightman" (PDF) . Notices of the AMS . 62 (3 ): 249–257. doi :10.1090/noti1219 .
Kelly, Morgan (January 30, 2013). "Esteemed Princeton mathematical physicist and mentor Arthur Wightman dies" . Princeton University . Retrieved March 10, 2021 .
Aizenman, Michael; Lieb, Elliott; Nelson, Edward. "Arthur Strong Wightman 1922-2013" . Princeton University . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
Jaffe, Arthur; Simon, Barry (January 2013). "Arthur Strong Wightman (1922–2013)" (PDF) . News Bulletin, International Association of Mathematical Physics : 34–36.
External links [ edit ]
Arthur Wightman at the Mathematics Genealogy Project .
Literature by and about Arthur Wightman in the German National Library catalogue.
Arthur Wightman at zbMATH .
Streater, Ray. "Remarks with photo" . mth.kcl.ac.uk . Archived from the original on August 19, 2003.
Streater, Ray. "Table of contents, Streater, Wightman PCT, Spin, Statistics and all that " . mth.kcl.ac.uk . Archived from the original on July 16, 2012.
"Biography from the APS" . aip.org . Archived from the original on December 22, 2015.
"Wightman's Henri Poincaré Prize citation" . International Association of Mathematical Physics . Retrieved March 9, 2021 .
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● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n .
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