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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m A s t r i n g e n c y )
Chemical compound that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues
A crystal of the astringent alum
The astringents and acids in fresh blackthorn berries (sloes) give the fruit its sourness.
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent ) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues . The word derives from the Latin adstringere , which means "to bind fast". Astringency , the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins [1] [2] in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol , bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate ,[3] [4] [5] producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth.
Smoking tobacco is also reported to have an astringent effect.[6]
In a scientific study, astringency was still detectable by subjects who had local anesthesia applied to their taste nerves, but not when both these and the trigeminal nerves were disabled.[7]
Uses
[ edit ]
In medicine, astringents cause constriction or contraction of mucous membranes and exposed tissues and are often used internally to reduce discharge of blood serum and mucous secretions.[8] This can happen with a sore throat , hemorrhages , diarrhea , and peptic ulcers . Externally applied astringents, which cause mild coagulation of skin proteins , dry, harden, and protect the skin .[9] People with acne are often advised to use astringents if they have oily skin.[10] Mild astringents relieve such minor skin irritations as those resulting from superficial cuts; allergies ; insect bites ;[9] anal hemorrhoids ;[11] and fungal infections such as athlete's foot .[12] Redness-reducing eye drops contain an astringent. Use of Goulard's Extract has been discontinued due to lead poisoning .[citation needed ]
Examples
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Some common astringents are alum , acacia , sage ,[13] yarrow ,[14] witch hazel , bayberry , distilled vinegar , very cold water , and rubbing alcohol . Astringent preparations include silver nitrate , potassium permanganate , zinc oxide , zinc sulfate , Burow's solution , tincture of benzoin , and such vegetable substances as tannic and gallic acids . Balaustines are the red rose -like flowers of the pomegranate , which are very bitter to the taste. In medicine, their dried form has been used as an astringent.[15] Some metal salts and acids have also been used as astringents.[16]
Calamine lotion , witch hazel , and yerba mansa , are astringents,[17] as are the powdered leaves of the myrtle .[18] Ripe fruits and fruit parts including blackthorn (sloe berries), Aronia chokeberry, chokecherry , bird cherry , rhubarb , quince , jabuticaba and persimmon fruits (especially when unripe), banana skins (or unripe bananas), cashew fruits and acorns are astringent.[19] Citrus fruits, like lemons, are somewhat astringent. The tannins in some teas , coffee , and red grape wines like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot produce mild astringency.[citation needed ] Astringency is used in classifications of white wine .
References
[ edit ]
^ Fennema, Food Chemistry , 4th ed., p. 656.
^ Breslin, P.A.S.; Gilmore, M.M.; Beauchamp, G.K.; Green, B.G. (1993). "Psychophysical evidence that oral astringency is a tactile sensation" . Chemical Senses . 18 (4 ): 405–417. doi :10.1093/chemse/18.4.405 .
^ Bertsch, Pascal; Bergfreund, Jotam; Windhab, Erich J.; Fischer, Peter (August 2021). "Physiological fluid interfaces: Functional microenvironments, drug delivery targets, and first line of defense" . Acta Biomaterialia . 130 : 32–53. doi :10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.051 . hdl :20.500.11850/498803 . PMID 34077806 . S2CID 235323337 .
^ McBride, Nome. "Herbal Smoking Mixes" (PDF) . Traditional Roots Institute . Retrieved 2022-07-20 .
^ Jiang, Yue; Gong, Naihua N.; Matsunami, Hiroaki (2014). "Astringency: A More Stringent Definition" . Chemical Senses . 39 (6 ): 467–469. doi :10.1093/chemse/bju021 . ISSN 0379-864X . PMC 4064959 . PMID 24860069 .
^ Brodin, Michael (1998). The Over-The-Counter Drug Book . Simon and Schuster. p. 382. ISBN 978-0-671-01380-6 . Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ a b Peter A. Ciullo (31 December 1996). Industrial Minerals and Their Uses: A Handbook and Formulary . William Andrew. p. 407. ISBN 978-0-8155-1808-2 . Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ Acne from http://www.brown.edu
^ Acheson, Austin; Scholefield, John (2008-02-16). "Management of haemorrhoids" . BMJ . 336 (7640): 380–383. doi :10.1136/bmj.39465.674745.80 . PMC 2244760 . PMID 18276714 .
^ Dockery, Gary L.; Crawford, Mary Elizabeth (1999). Color Atlas of Foot and Ankle Dermatology . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-397-51519-6 . Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ Dorland, W. A. Newman (1907). The American illustrated medical dictionary (4th ed.). Philadelphia and London: W.B. Saunders company. pp. 14, 39, 635. Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ Grieve, Maud (1 June 1971). A Modern Herbal: The Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-lore of Herbs, Grasses, Fungi, Shrubs, & Trees with All Their Modern Scientific Uses . Dover Publications. pp. 863–864. ISBN 978-0-486-22799-3 . Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ History of Science: Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences…
^ Gregory, James (1833). Conspectus medicinae theoretic medicine; in two parts: Part I. Containing physiology and pathology. Part II. Containing therapeutics (2nd ed.). London: Stirling & Kenneg. pp. 255 –256. Retrieved 4 June 2014 .
^ Anemopsis californica from University of California, Irvine
^ Borg, John (1927). "Descriptive flora of the Maltese Islands" .
^ Choi, Nak-Eon; Han, Jung H. (2014-12-03). How Flavor Works: The Science of Taste and Aroma . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118865453 .
External links
[ edit ]
The dictionary definition of astringent at Wiktionary
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astringent&oldid=1224807440 "
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