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In cardiology , an Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched rumbling heart murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex .[1] [2] or presystolic murmur [3] aortic regurgitation , although the role of this sign in clinical practice has been questioned.[4]
Mechanism [ edit ]
Echocardiography , conventional and colour flow Doppler ultrasound , and cine nuclear magnetic resonance (cine NMR) imaging suggest the murmur is the result of (aortic regurgitant) flow impingement on the inner surface of the heart, i.e. the endocardium .[5] [6]
Classical description [ edit ]
Classically, it is described as being the result of mitral valve leaflet displacement and turbulent mixing of anterograde mitral flow and retrograde aortic flow:[7]
Displacement: The blood jets from the aortic regurgitation strike the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve , which often results in premature closure of the mitral leaflets. This can be mistaken for mitral stenosis.
Turbulence of the two columns of blood: Blood from left atrium to left ventricle and blood from aorta to left ventricle .
The Austin Flint murmur is named after the 19th century American physician , Austin Flint (1812–1886).[8] [9] [10]
References [ edit ]
^ Eric J. Topol. The Topol Solution: Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , Third Edition with DVD, Plus Integrated Content Website, Volume 355. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Oct 19, 2006; page 223. ISBN 0781770122
^ "Austin Flint murmur" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^
Babu AN, Kymes SM, Carpenter Fryer SM (2003). "Eponyms and the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation: what says the evidence?". Annals of Internal Medicine 138 (9 ): 736–742. doi :10.7326/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00010 . PMID 12729428 . S2CID 19014006 .
^
Landzberg JS, Pflugfelder PW, Cassidy MM, Schiller NB, Higgins CB, Cheitlin MD (1992). "Etiology of the Austin Flint murmur". Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20 2 ): 408–413. doi :10.1016/0735-1097(92 )90110-9 . PMID 1634679 .
^
Weir RA, Dargie HJ (2008). "Austin Flint Murmur". New England Journal of Medicine 359 (10 ): e11. doi :10.1056/NEJMicm072437 . PMID 18768939 .
^ "Austin Flint murmur" GPnotebook . Retrieved June 4, 2007 .
^ Flint's murmur or symptom at Who Named It?
^ Austin Flint at Who Named It?
^ Landis, H.R.M. (1912). "Austin Flint: His Contributions to the Art of Physical Diagnosis and the Study of Tuberculosis" . Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital . 23
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austin_Flint_murmur&oldid=1171007868 " C a t e g o r y : ● H e a r t m u r m u r s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 8 A u g u s t 2 0 2 3 , a t 1 3 : 2 0 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
