In one study a reaction mechanism for a specific aza-BH reaction is proposed.[3] Given a set of reaction conditions the reaction is found to be first-order in the triphenylphosphine nucleophile, MVK and the tosylimine concentration in the rate determining step in the presence of a Brønsted acid such as phenolorbenzoic acid. The presence of an acid facilitates the elimination reaction in the zwitterion by proton transfer which becomes much faster and no longer rate determining. A 6 membered cyclic transition state is proposed for this reaction step. Because this step is also reversible the presence of acid causes a racemisation process simply by mixing chiral aza-BH adduct, phosphine and acid.
^Bifunctional Activation and Racemization in the Catalytic Asymmetric Aza-Baylis–Hillman Reaction Pascal Buskens, Jürgen Klankermayer, and Walter Leitner J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2005; 127(48) pp 16762 - 16763; (Communication) doi:10.1021/ja0550024Abstract[permanent dead link]
^Gausepohl, Rolf; Buskens, Pascal; Kleinen, Jochen; Bruckmann, Angelika; Lehmann, Christian W.; Klankermayer, Jürgen; Leitner, Walter (2006). "Highly Enantioselective Aza-Baylis–Hillman Reaction in a Chiral Reaction Medium". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (22): 3689–3692. doi:10.1002/anie.200600327.