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| String instrument | |
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| Classification | String instrument |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 321.322 (Composite chordophone) |
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(a standard tuned guitar)
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The baritone guitar is a guitar with a longer scale length, typically a larger body, and heavier internal bracing, so it can be tuned to a lower pitch. Gretsch, Fender, Gibson, Ibanez, ESP Guitars, PRS Guitars, Music Man, Danelectro, Schecter, Burns London and many other companies have produced electric baritone guitars since the 1960s, although always in small numbers due to low popularity.[1] Tacoma, Santa Cruz, Taylor, Martin, Alvarez Guitars and others have made acoustic baritone guitars.
The baritone-tuned guitar was uncommon until the Danelectro Company introduced an electric baritone guitar in 1956.[2] The electric baritone found some popularity in surf music and film scores, particularly "spaghetti Westerns."[citation needed] "Tic-tac bass" is a method of playing, in which a muted baritone guitar doubles the part played by the bass guitarordouble bass. The method is commonly used in country music.[3][4]
A standard guitar's standard tuning (from lowest–pitched string to highest) is E2–A2–D3–G3–B3–E4. While no standard tuning has been established for baritone guitars, popular tunings for the instrument are: a perfect fourth lower than a standard guitar (B1–E2–A2–D3–F♯3–B3), a perfect fifth lower (A1–D2–G2–C3–E3–A3), or a major third lower (C2–F2–B♭2–E♭3–G3–C4). Typically strung with 13 gauge (.013–.062), or 14 gauge (.014–.068) baritone guitar strings. 12 gauge (.012–.060) guitar strings can also be used.
Baritone acoustic guitars typically have larger bodies than standard guitars, and have longer scale lengths so the strings can be tuned lower while remaining at normal tension. On a standard guitar, the scale length (the distance from the nut to the saddle on the bridge) is typically 24.75 to 25.5 inches (629 to 648 mm). The most common scale lengths on a baritone range from 27 to 30.5 inches (690 to 770 mm).[1]
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In the 1960s, it was often tuned an octave down from standard guitar tuning; therefore, these recordings used a retuned baritone guitar as a six-string bass. The Danelectro baritone was used by guitarist Duane Eddy in numerous recordings, including "Bonnie Came Back", "Because They're Young", "Kommotion", "My Blue Heaven", "Deep in the Heart of Texas", and "The Son of Rebel Rouser". The instrument was used almost exclusively on his best-selling 1960 album "The Twang's the Thang" and appears regularly on singles and albums throughout his career. The "twangy" sound of his guitars (which include Duane Eddy custom-builts by Guild, Gretsch and Gibson) augmented the even deeper twangy sound made by the Danelectro baritone. Eddy used the familiar black model and an unusual gray "Longhorn" model.
Brian Wilson often included baritone guitars in his arrangements for The Beach Boys records, such as in "Dance, Dance, Dance" (1964)[5] or "Caroline, No" (1966).[6]
Singer Jimmie Rodgers also favored the baritone guitar, which can be heard in the opening bars of his recording of "Woman from Liberia" (1960).
Singer Glen Campbell used a baritone electric guitar on several of his big hit songs, most notably "Wichita Lineman" and "Galveston", where he played a distinctive baritone solo following the melody in both songs.
Although they have never been as popular as their standard counterparts, baritone guitars have always had a presence in country music, often utilized for their deep, warm resonance and the body they provide to an otherwise bright mix. The following artists have played and recorded with a baritone and guitar:
Baritone guitars became popular in heavy metal music during the late 1980s, as it became increasingly popular to employ lower guitar tunings and dropped tunings. Early examples include Carcass (using B standard) and Bolt Thrower (using A standard on Realm of Chaos).
Rock guitarists also use baritone guitars. Benjamin Burnley, the guitarist/singer from Breaking Benjamin, uses custom-built PRS[7] and ESP baritone guitars for their songs in Drop A♯ tuning. Ko MelinaofThe Dirtbombs plays a Fender Jaguar Baritone Custom. Teppei TeranishiofThrice plays a baritone on the "Fire" disc of The Alchemy Index and Major/Minor. Ian Mackaye plays a baritone guitar when playing with his band The Evens. Aerosmith's Joe Perry plays a six-string Fender VI bass tuned in G (which was later stolen) on "Back in the Saddle" on the 1976 Rocks album, and currently uses a Music Man Silo Baritone.
Eddie Van Halen used a baritone guitar on the songs "Spanked" And "Runaround" from Van Halen's 1991 album For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge. His specific guitar was a double-necked Ernie Ball EVH Music Man (the top neck being the baritone), which can be seen in music videos and live performances.
Pete Loeffler, the guitarist/singer from Chevelle, uses a custom built PRS baritone and Fender Sub-Sonic baritone guitar for their songs in drop B tuning[citation needed].
Mike Mushok of the band Staind has a signature model baritone guitar manufactured by PRS Guitars.[8] Prior to his PRS signature model, Mushok had a signature baritone guitar produced by Ibanez called the MMM1, and had a custom built fanned-fret baritone made by Novax called the Expression.
Dave Matthews plays a baritone on certain songs such as "The Space Between" and "Some Devil". Parker LauzonofEvans Blue uses an Ibanez[citation needed].
Irish blues rock artist Hozier utilizes a baritone guitar in the song 'Jackie and Wilson' and on the hit single 'Take Me To Church'[9]
Robert SmithofThe Cure has made The Fender Bass VI (which is actually a 30″ short-scale six-string bass) a major component of his dark and atmospheric tone since 1989's Disintegration, using a 1962 model.[10] Schecter guitars have since produced a Robert Smith signature model bass VI guitar; the Ultracure VI.[11] While many mistake these for Baritone guitars they are not. The tuning on a bass VI is one octave lower than standard guitar tuning whereas a baritone tuning varies and is often an A, B or similar alternative tuning.
Alex Turner, Nick O'Malley and Jamie Cook of the band Arctic Monkeys have used baritone guitar on the songs 'Star Treatment', 'Science Fiction' and 'Batphone' from the band's sixth album Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino respectively. [12] [13]
Pat Smear has played baritone guitar with the Foo Fighters on their album Wasting Light. [14]
Andy Moor and Terrie Hessels of The Ex have traded off between baritone guitar and guitar since 2005, when the last bass player left their band.[15]
Emma Ruth Rundle uses a Fender Jaguar Baritone.[16]
Jesse HughesofEagles of Death Metal opted for a baritone guitar on many of the songs on their 2015 album Zipper Down.[17]
Brian Jones played a baritone guitar on the riff in the Rolling Stones's 1964 song "Heart of Stone".
Bucky Pizzarelli played a 6 string Danelectro baritone with Billy Mure on the 1957 Album Supersonic Guitars. [18]
Jazz guitarist Pat Metheny used baritone guitars made by Linda Manzer on his 2003 solo album One Quiet Night and his 2011 solo album What's It All About. Ani DiFranco often plays a baritone guitar, including those by Alvarez, frequently employing alternate tunings. Clifton Hyde has had his acoustic baritone guitar featured in the music of Sigur Rós, Gato Loco, and Pape Armond Boye. Bob Lanzetti, guitarist for the modern fusion band Snarky Puppy, frequently employs an electric baritone guitar as well. Allan Holdsworth used baritone guitars built by luthier Bill DeLap.
Mark Lettieri, solo artist and guitarist with Snarky Puppy, released two funk/fusion albums centered around the baritone guitar: Deep: The Baritone Sessions and Deep: The Baritone Sessions, Vol. 2 in 2019 and 2021, respectively, the latter of which also received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 2022 Grammy Awards.[19][20][21][22] Lettieri also utilizes a baritone guitar with Vulfpeck side project, The Fearless Flyers.[23]
Numerous fingerstyle guitarists use baritone guitars, including Andy McKee, Don Ross, Martin Simpson, Sergio Altamura, Iain Micah Weigert, and Dave Amato. Don Ross plays a baritone by Canadian Luthier Marc Beneteau, and Simpson has played baritones made by English luthier Ralph Bown. Andy McKee plays a baritone guitar made by another Canadian Luthier Michael Greenfield. Brian Setzer played the Gretsch/TV Jones Spectra-Sonic baritone on the song "Mystery Train" during the Brian Setzer Orchestra tour[citation needed].
Blues band MonkeyJunk features a baritone guitar instead of a bass guitar.[24]
Australian musician Stu Thomas plays a Barracuda[25] baritone guitar by Burns London, tuned an octave lower than a regular guitar. He uses it as a bass when playing with Dave Graney & The mistLY, and as a "regular" guitar when he accompanies himself solo as The Stu Thomas Paradox.
Dave Gonzalez started playing a baritone with The Hacienda Brothers, consisting of a Fender Bass VI neck on a Fender Jazzmaster.[26]
YouTube guitarist Sungha Jung plays original and cover instrumentals on Lakewood Acoustic Baritone Guitars[citation needed].
Guitarist Brian Patrick Carroll aka Buckethead played a baritone signature model Gibson Les Paul[citation needed].
Phoebe Bridgers plays a Danelectro baritone model.[27]
Producer and multi-instrumentalist Bibio has utilized baritone guitars[citation needed].
From the first ringing note of a Danelectro baritone on her new album 'Punisher', it's clear that Phoebe Bridgers has evolved into a songwriter, guitarist and producer of her own
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