"The house of the genie", or "The garden house"[3]
Beitegen (Arabic: بيت جن; Hebrew: בֵּיתּ גַ'ן) is a Druze village on Mount Meron in northern Israel.[4] At 940 meters above sea level, Beitegen is one of the highest inhabited locations in the country. In 2022 it had a population of 12,433.[2]
Guérin noted that the village was known as BeitegeneorBette-Gen during the Middle Ages. He suggested that the village's name during antiquity was Hebrew: בֵּית גַּנִּים, romanized: Beth-Jannim, "House of Gardens", since it was surrounded by orchards and vineyards, as evidenced by the ancient terraces nearby.[5]
Beitegen is an ancient village site at the top of a hill. Old stones have been reused in village homes, and cisterns and tombs carved into rock have also been found.[6]
Beitegen is thought to have been one of a few locations in antiquity called Beth Dagon, and may be identified with the Beth Dagon mentioned in ToseftaShevi'ith 7:13-71,29.[7]
According to local legend, Druze families in the area lived in scattered colonies in the hills near sources of water until the 13th or 14th century. Two hunters looking for hyraxes stumbled upon a cave where they found an ancient cistern filled with water. Concluding that this was a good place for permanent settlement, several families settled on the site of what would become Beit Jann.[10]
In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of the land of the Israelites, and in 1596, Bayt Jinn appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Akka under the liwa' (district) of Safad. It had a population of 102 households and 5 bachelors, all Muslims. They paid taxes on silk spinning (dulab harir),[11] occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives, olive oil press and/or a press for grape syrup.[12][13]
In August 1754, the missionary Stephan Schulz[14] visited the village. He noted that the inhabitants produced water-skins, and described the grapes of the region as particularly large and fine.[15][16]
The American biblical scholar Edward Robinson described Beitegen in 1852 as a "large well-built village", with houses made of limestone and 260 male residents, all Druze.[16] In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called Beit Djenn. He estimated it had two hundred inhabitants, all Druze. He further noted that "A few years ago it was much larger, as is indicated by the abandoned houses which are beginning to fall into ruins. I am told that their occupants have fled to the Hauran to escape conscription. (...) The flanks of the hill on which the village stands are covered with vines which creep along the ground; their grapes [are] of a prodigious size..."[5] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Jenn as a good village built of stone, with 300 Muslims and 100 Druze, with extensive gardens and vineyards.[17]
A population list from about 1887 showed Beitegen to have about 1,215 inhabitants; all Druze.[18]
In the 1945 statistics the population of Beitegen together with Ein al-Asad was 1,640, all classified as "others" (i.e., Druze),[22] who owned 43,550 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[23] 2,530 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 7,406 used for cereals,[24] while 67 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[25]
In September 1991, the body of Samir Assad, an Israel Defense Forces soldier from Beitegen, held since 1983 by the DFLP, was returned in exchange for the return to Israel of exiled members of the DFLP.[26]
In July 2006, during the Hezbollah–Israel war, Beitegen was hit by Katyusharockets fired by Hezbolla.[27] In the aftermath of the 2021 Meron crowd crush, the village offered help to the survivors and offered emergency services if ever needed. Mayor Radi Najm said that several families had sheltered survivors of the disaster.[28]Illegal logging in the vicinity of Beitegen has led to conflicts with park officials and rangers.[29]
As of November 2023, Beitegen has the highest percentage of IDF soldiers fallen in battle of any community in Israel, with a total of 64.[30]
^Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6Archived 2020-03-01 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied from the Safad-district was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
Israel
