A Bion spacecraft
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| Names | Bion 9 Biocosmos 9 Biokosmos 9 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Bioscience |
| Operator | Institute for Medical and Biological Problems (IMBP) |
| COSPAR ID | 1989-075A [1] |
| SATCAT no. | 20242 |
| Mission duration | 14 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Bion 9 |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB |
| Launch mass | 6,000 kg (13,000 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 15 September 1989, 06:30:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz-U 11A511U s/n T15000-599 |
| Launch site | Plesetsk, Site 41/1 |
| Contractor | TsSKB |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | Soviet Space Forces |
| Landing date | 29 September 1989, 02:53 UTC |
| Landing site | Mirny, Soviet Russia, Soviet Union |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 216 km (134 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 294 km (183 mi) |
| Inclination | 82.30° |
| Period | 89.30 minutes |
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← Bion 8
Bion 10 →
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Kosmos 2044, or Bion 9 (inRussian: Бион 9, Космос 2044) was a biomedical research mission involving in nine countries plus ESA: United Kingdom, Hungarian People's Republic, East Germany, Polish People's Republic, Czechoslovakia, United States, Canada, Australia, Soviet Union and European Space Agency (ESA). It was part of the Bion program.
Eighty experiments were conducted in such categories as motion sickness, reproduction and regeneration, immunology, and readaptation to a normal gravity environment. A number of different biological specimens were used, including rodents.
The joint United States/Soviet Union experiments were conducted on 2 rhesus monkeys and 10 male Wistar rats. The biological payload also included cell cultures (Escherichia coli). The prime occupants were two macaque monkeys. The 2.3 m diameter descent sphere was successfully recovered after 14 days, but a failure in the thermal control system resulted in the deaths of some of the specimens.
The Bion 9 mission was composed of 80 scientific experiments, but only 30 experiments returned:
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). | |
