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(Top) 1 Molecule of the Year 2 Breakthrough of the Year 3 See also 4 References

Breakthrough of the Year

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The Breakthrough of the Year is an annual award for the most significant development in scientific research made by the AAAS journal Science,anacademic journal covering all branches of science.^[1] Originating in 1989 as the Molecule of the Year,^[2] and inspired by Time's Person of the Year, it was renamed the Breakthrough of the Year in 1996.

Molecule of the Year[edit]

1989 PCR and DNA polymerase^[3]
1990 the manufacture of synthetic diamonds^[4]
1991 buckminsterfullerene^[5]
1992 nitric oxide^[6]
1993 p53^[7]
1994 DNA repair enzyme^[8]

Breakthrough of the Year[edit]

1996: Understanding HIV^[9]
1997: Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells^[10]
1998: Accelerating universe^[11]
1999: Prospective stem-cell therapies^[12]
2000: Full genome sequencing^[13]
2001: NanocircuitsorMolecular circuit^[14]
2002: RNA interference^[15]
2003: Dark energy^[16]
2004: Spirit rover landed on Mars^[17]
2005: Evolution in action^[18]
2006: Proof of the Poincaré conjecture^[19]
2007: Human genetic variation^[20]
2008: Cellular reprogramming^[21]
2009: Ardipithecus ramidus^[22]
2010: The first quantum machine^[23]
2011: HIV treatment as prevention (HPTN 052)^[24]
2012: Discovery of the Higgs boson^[25]
2013: Cancer immunotherapy^[26]
2014: Rosetta comet mission^[27]
2015: CRISPR genome-editing method^[28]
2016: First observation of gravitational waves^[29]^[30]^[31]
2017: Neutron star merger (GW170817)^[32]^[33]^[34]
2018: Single-cell sequencing^[35]
2019: A black hole made visible^[36]^[37]
2020: COVID-19 vaccine, developed and tested at record speed^[38]
2021: An AI brings protein structures to all^[39]
2022: James Webb Space Telescope debut^[40]
2023: GLP-1 Drugs^[41]

References[edit]

^ "Journal metrics". Google Scholar. Retrieved 9 Jul 2020.

^ "'Science' Names Molecule of the Year". The Chronicle of Higher Education. January 10, 1990.

^ R. L. Guyer & D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1989). "The Molecule of the Year". Science. 246 (4937): 1543–1546. doi:10.1126/science.2688087. PMID 2688087.

^ D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1990). "The Molecule of the Year". Science. 250 (4988): 1637. Bibcode:1990Sci...250.1637K. doi:10.1126/science.250.4988.1637. PMID 17734689.

^ D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1991). "Molecule of the Year". Science. 254 (5039): 1705. Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1705K. doi:10.1126/science.254.5039.1705. PMID 17829221.

^ D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1992). "The Molecule of the Year". Science. 258 (5090): 1861. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1861K. doi:10.1126/science.1470903. PMID 1470903.

^ D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1993). "Molecule of the Year". Science. 262 (5142): 1953. Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1953K. doi:10.1126/science.8266084. PMID 8266084.

^ D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1994). "Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme". Science. 266 (5193): 1925. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1925K. doi:10.1126/science.7801114. PMID 7801114.

^ Michael Balter (1996). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease". Science. 274 (5295): 1988–1991. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1988.. doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.1988. PMID 8984652.

^ Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared". Science. 278 (5346): 2038–2039. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.2038P. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2038. PMID 9432711. S2CID 83255402.

^ James Glanz (1998). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed". Science. 282 (5397): 2156–2157. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2156G. doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a. S2CID 117807831.

^ Gretchen Vogel (1999). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth". Science. 286 (5448): 2238–2239. doi:10.1126/science.286.5448.2238. PMID 10636772. S2CID 154178515.

^ Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age". Science. 290 (5500): 2220–2221. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2220. PMID 11188701. S2CID 82676530.

^ Robert F. Service (2001). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired". Science. 294 (5551): 2442–2443. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2442. PMID 11752536. S2CID 26182334.

^ Jennifer Couzin (2002). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash". Science. 298 (5602): 2296–2297. doi:10.1126/science.298.5602.2296. PMID 12493875. S2CID 193861470.

^ Charles Seife (2003). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe". Science. 302 (5653): 2038–2039. doi:10.1126/science.302.5653.2038. PMID 14684787. S2CID 120116611.

^ Richard A. Kerr (2004). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life". Science. 306 (5704): 2010–2012. doi:10.1126/science.306.5704.2010. PMID 15604365. S2CID 140193176.

^ Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action". Science. 310 (5756): 1878–1879. doi:10.1126/science.310.5756.1878. PMID 16373538.

^ Dana Mackenzie (2006). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved". Science. 314 (5807): 1848–1849. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848. PMID 17185565.

^ Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation". Science. 318 (5858): 1842–1843. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1842. PMID 18096770.

^ Gretchen Vogel (2008). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells". Science. 322 (5909): 1766–1767. doi:10.1126/science.322.5909.1766. PMID 19095902.

^ Ann Gibbons (2009). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus". Science. 326 (5960): 1598–1599. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1598G. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a. PMID 20019252.

^ Adrian Cho (2010). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine". Science. 330 (6011): 1604. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1604C. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1604. PMID 21163978.

^ Jon Cohen (2011). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention". Science. 334 (6063): 1628. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1628C. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1628. PMID 22194547.

^ "Breakthrough of the Year, 2012". Science.

^ Jenifer Couzin-Franken (20 December 2013). "Cancer Immunotherapy". Science. 342 (6165): 1432–1433. doi:10.1126/science.342.6165.1432. Retrieved 22 December 2013.

^ Eric Hand (19 December 2014). "Comet rendezvous". Science. 346 (6216): 1442–1443. doi:10.1126/science.346.6216.1442. PMID 25525223. Retrieved 20 December 2014.

^ Travis, John (2015-12-18). "Making the cut | Science". Science. 350 (6267). Sciencemag.org: 1456–1457. doi:10.1126/science.350.6267.1456. Retrieved 2017-11-09.

^ Cho, Adrian (2016). "The cosmos aquiver". Science. 354 (6319): 1516–1517. Bibcode:2016Sci...354.1516C. doi:10.1126/science.354.6319.1516. PMID 28008020.

^ "Ripples in spacetime: Science's 2016 Breakthrough of the Year". Adiran Cho. AAAS. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

^ "The runners-up". Science. 354 (6319): 1518–1523. 2016. doi:10.1126/science.354.6319.1518. PMID 28008021.

^ "Breakthrough of the year 2017". Science | AAAS. 22 December 2017.

^ Cho, Adrian (2017). "Cosmic convergence". Science. 358 (6370): 1520–1521. Bibcode:2017Sci...358.1520C. doi:10.1126/science.358.6370.1520. PMID 29269456.

^ Stokstad, Erik; Pennisi, Elizabeth; Kaiser, Jocelyn; Cohen, Jon; Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer; Voosen, Paul; Gibbons, Ann; Cho, Adrian (2017). "The runners up". Science. 358 (6370): 1522–1527. Bibcode:2017Sci...358.1522S. doi:10.1126/science.358.6370.1522. PMID 29269457.

^ "Breakthrough of the year 2018". Science | AAAS. 20 December 2018.

^ Phelan, Meagan; Beckwith, Walter (19 December 2019). "Science's 2019 Breakthrough: First Image of Supermassive Black Hole". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

^ American Association for the Advancement of Science (19 December 2019). "Science's 2019 breakthrough of the year: The first image of a black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

^ Cohen, Jon (17 December 2020). "Shots of hope". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science.

^ "Protein structures for all". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 16 December 2021.

^ "2022 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 24 December 2022.

^ Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer. "2023 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 19 December 2023.