The buckingham (symbol: B) is a CGS unitofelectric quadrupole, named in honour of the chemical physicist A. David Buckingham who was the first to measure a molecular quadrupole moment.[1] It is defined as 10−26 statcoulomb-square centimetre. This is equivalent to 1 debye-ångström, where 1 debye = 10−18 statcoulomb-centimetre is the CGS unit of molecular dipole moment and 1 ångström = 10−8 cm.
One buckingham corresponds to the quadrupole moment resulting from two opposing dipole moments of equal magnitude of 1 debye that are separated by a distance of 1 ångström, a typical bond length. This is analogous to the debye for the dipole moment of two opposing charges of 10−10 statcoulomb separated by 1 ångström, and the name Buckingham for the unit was suggested by Peter Debye in 1963 in honour of Buckingham.[2][3]
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