Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Name  





2 History  



2.1  Designing and construction (19391944)  





2.2  Reconstruction (19471950)  





2.3  Continued growth (19601980)  





2.4  New infrastructure (19802000)  





2.5  Public to public-private ownership (20002012)  





2.6  Collapse of Malév, aftermath, and future (2012present)  







3 Terminals  



3.1  Terminal 1 (closed)  





3.2  Sky Court between Terminal 2A and 2B  





3.3  Terminal 2A  





3.4  Terminal 2B  



3.4.1  Pier 2B  









4 Airlines and destinations  



4.1  Passenger  





4.2  Cargo  







5 Statistics  



5.1  Traffic figures  





5.2  Top destinations  







6 Other facilities  





7 Ground transportation  



7.1  Public transport  



7.1.1  Local buses  





7.1.2  Long-distance buses  





7.1.3  Rail  







7.2  Taxi  





7.3  Mini buses and shuttles  







8 Accidents and Incidents  





9 See also  





10 References  





11 External links  














Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport






العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
Български
Cebuano
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Diné bizaad
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego

ि
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
 

Norsk bokmål
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Shqip
Slovenčina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Vit

 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
 
















Appearance
   

 





Coordinates: 47°2622N 019°1543E / 47.43944°N 19.26194°E / 47.43944; 19.26194
 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport


Budapest Liszt Ferenc Nemzetközi Repülőtér
  • ICAO: LHBP
  • Summary
    Airport typePublic
    Owner/OperatorBudapest Airport Ltd.[1]
    ServesBudapest metropolitan area
    Location16 km (9.9 mi) south-east of center of Budapest
    Hub for
  • *Wizz Air
  • Operating base forRyanair
    Elevation AMSL151 m / 495 ft
    Coordinates47°26′22N 019°15′43E / 47.43944°N 19.26194°E / 47.43944; 19.26194
    Websitewww.bud.hu/en
    Map
    BUD is located in Hungary
    BUD

    BUD

    Location in Hungary

    BUD is located in Budapest
    BUD

    BUD

    Location in Budapest

    BUD is located in Europe
    BUD

    BUD

    Location in Europe

    Runways
    Direction Length Surface
    m ft
    13L/31R 3,707 12,162 Asphalt concrete
    13R/31L 3,010 9,875 Asphalt concrete
    Statistics (2023)
    Passengers14,700,000[2]
    Passenger change 2021–2022Increase164%

    Sources: Passenger Traffic, ACI Europe[3]
    AIP of Hungary[4]

    Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport[5] (Hungarian: Budapest Liszt Ferenc Nemzetközi Repülőtér) (IATA: BUD, ICAO: LHBP), formerly known as Budapest Ferihegy International Airport and commonly denoted as Ferihegy (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈfɛrihɛɟ]), is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest. It is the largest of the country's four commercial airports, ahead of Debrecen and Hévíz–Balaton. The airport is located 16 kilometres (8+12 nautical miles) southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 after Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc) on the occasion of his 200th birthday.[6] The facility covers 1,515 hectares (3,744 acres) and has two runways.[7]

    It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa, to the Middle East, and to the Far East. In 2019, the airport handled 16.2 million passengers. The airport is the headquarters and primary hub for Wizz Air and base for Ryanair.[8] In 2012 it experienced a significant drop in aircraft movements and handled cargo, primarily due to the collapse of Malév Hungarian Airlines earlier in the year, hence lost a large portion of connecting passengers. It had been the hub for Malév until the airline's bankruptcy on 3 February 2012.[9][10]

    Name[edit]

    Originally called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport (Budapest Ferihegy Nemzetközi Repülőtér), on 25 March 2011 it was officially renamed Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport in honour of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt (Modern Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc). Popularly, the airport is still called Ferihegy as before.

    Ferihegy is the name of the neighbourhood around the airport. The name is derived from that of Ferenc Xavér Mayerffy (1776–1845), the former owner of an estate who established vineyards and contributed to the development of viticulture in Pest-Buda. "Feri" is a diminutive form of Ferenc while "hegy" means mountain. In fact, the area is almost totally flat; but originally there was a 147 m high sandy hillock which was levelled in the 1940s during the construction of the airport.[6]

    History[edit]

    Designing and construction (1939–1944)[edit]

    In 1938, the idea of building a new airport in Budapest was born. The area at the boundary of three settlements (Pestszentlőrinc, Rákoshegy and Vecsés) was assigned as the area of the new airport. The airport was intended as jointly for civil-military-sporting purposes. Civil facilities were to be built up in the northwestern section and military ones in the southwestern section. Just as for each building, a public tender was invited for the designing and construction of the traffic building.[6]

    In December 1939, upon an announcement of the results of the tender invited in September that year, the designs of Károly Dávid Jr. (1903–1973) were chosen. The designer, who was one of the originators of modern Hungarian architectural art, dreamt of a building which resembled an aircraft from the top-side view. The work commenced in 1942. To approach the airport from the city, a 16-kilometre (10 mi) high-speed road was constructed between 1940 and 1943, which, after improvements, remains in use today.[6]

    The military buildings were constructed parallel to the civil construction from 1940 but, due to the war situation, faster. Aviation started at the airport in 1943. In wartime, the civil construction slowed down and then stopped at the beginning of 1944. Towards the end of World War II, many of the airport buildings were damaged. By the end of 1944, Budapest and its airport were under Soviet occupation.[6]

    Reconstruction (1947–1950)[edit]

    In 1947, it was decided that the airport would be reconstructed for civil aviation. Under the three-year plan, 40 million forints were voted for those works. The opening ceremony was held in May 1950 and the sections finished allowed Magyar-Szovjet Polgári Légiforgalmi Rt. (Hungarian-Soviet Civil Aviation Co. Ltd. – MASZOVLET), established in 1946, to operate here. At that time the airlines operated only a few foreign flights, in particular, those to Prague, Bucharest, Warsaw, and Sofia.[6]

    Magyar Légiforgalmi Vállalat (Hungarian Airlines – Malév) was established on 25 November 1954. The first regular flight taking off from the airport to the West was the Malév's flight into Vienna in summer 1956. The first Western airline which launched a flight to Budapest was KLM in 1957. The traffic building was finished in this period and the lengthening works of the 2,500-metre (8,202 ft) runway were started. At the end of 1958 the runway was lengthened to 3,010 metres (9,875 ft) and taxiway D was finished.[6]

    Continued growth (1960–1980)[edit]

    Budapest Airport in 1961
    Budapest Airport in 1966

    Between its opening and 1960, the number of landings at the Airport increased from 4,786 to 17,133, with passenger traffic increasing from 49,955 to 359,338 by 1960.[6]

    In 1965, a study was made on the development of the airport, which was implemented with more than a 10-year delay from the end of the 1970s. Aviation, airport, and flight control all called for more capacity and infrastructure. The Aviation and Airport Directorate (LRI) was established on 1 January 1973 and performed as an airline company, a trading company, and an authority, as well as investment, operator, and air navigation tasks.

    In 1974, passenger traffic reached one million. In 1977, a new control tower was built, as well as a second runway parallel to the old one and a technical base for maintaining MALÉV aircraft. Use of the new 3,707-metre (12,162 ft) runway was started in September 1983.[6]

    New infrastructure (1980–2000)[edit]

    ABoeing 767-200ER of former flag carrier Malév Hungarian Airlines at the airport in 2008

    In 1980, the number of landing aircraft and passengers served reached 32,642 and 1,780,000, respectively. The growing number of passengers called for more capacity. A new terminal was decided upon. The foundation-stone of the new passenger traffic building to be built was laid down on 16 November 1983. [citation needed] Since 1 November 1985, passengers have been received in Terminal 2, a 24,000-square-meter facility funded with Austrian loans under general contracting. It was used first by Malév aircraft and passengers, and then by those of Lufthansa, Air France, and Swissair. The old terminal continued to receive residual airline traffic under a new name, Terminal 1. [citation needed]

    There was an IED bus attack against Russian Jewish emigrants on the road leading to Ferihegy in the early 1990s. The perpetrators were members of the German Communist organisation Red Army Faction.[11]

    In 1993, Malév launched the airport's first Hungarian overseas flight, to New York. According to the traffic figures forecast for the millennium, the two terminals serving 4 million passengers a year promised to be insufficient. [citation needed] The construction of Terminal 2B was started in 1997. The new building, with more than 30,000 square metres of space, together with a new apron, was opened in 1998, with all foreign airlines moving there. Terminal 2B can receive 3.5 million passengers a year, with its seven gates and five remote stands. [citation needed]

    Public to public-private ownership (2000–2012)[edit]

    Terminal 2 in 2008, prior to the construction of the Sky Court

    On 8 December 2005, a 75% stake in Ferihegy Airport was bought by BAA plc for 464.5 billion HUF (approx. US$2.1 billion), including the right of operation for 75 years. [citation needed] On 20 October 2006, BAA announced intentions to sell its stake in Budapest Airport to a consortium led by the German airport group, HOCHTIEF AirPort GmbH, subject to the consent of the Hungarian State. [citation needed]

    On 18 April 2007, the renovation of Terminal 1 at Ferihegy was awarded Europe's most prestigious heritage preservation prize, the Europa Nostra award.[citation needed] The designers, contractors, builders and investors (the latter being BA) received the joint award of the European Commission and of the pan-European heritage preservation organisation Europa Nostra for the renovation of the protected monument spaces, the central hall, the gallery and the furniture at T1.

    On 6 June 2007, BAA and a consortium led by HOCHTIEF AirPort (HTA) formally closed and completed the transaction of the sale of BAA's shares in Budapest Airport (BA) to the HOCHTIEF AirPort Consortium. The ownership of the HOCHTIEF AirPort Consortium was as follows: HOCHTIEF AirPort (49.666%) and three financial investors: Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, Montreal (23.167%), GIC Special Investments, Singapore (23.167%) and KfW IPEX-Bank, Frankfurt (4.0%).[12]

    On 26 July 2010, after completing a security oversight investigation in May,[13] the EU authorities revoked Budapest Airport's official "Schengen Clear" certification, due to serious lapses observed in personal security check procedures and unauthorised passing of banned objects. This meant passengers connecting via another airport in the Schengen Zone would have to be rescreened through security, just as foreign non-Schengen connecting passengers, causing delays and inconvenience. The airport argued that it had not yet had time to fully implement new security measures introduced on 29 April 2010, and inspired by the Delta Air Lines' Amsterdam "underwear bomb scare" incident. The airport's layout was also cited as an excuse for the failure. Budapest Airport was the first airport to be checked through a stringent undercover evaluation for compliance with the new regulation. (Hungarian state news agency MTI reports: [2] [permanent dead link]) In response, additional security measures were immediately implemented at Budapest Airport causing flight delays at both terminals. Unusually long passenger waiting queues were observed at the busier 2A-B terminal complex's departures area. These problems were solved over time, especially through the opening of the SkyCourt terminal including a central security zone. [citation needed]

    On 15 November 2010, Budapest Airport regained the "Schengen Clear"-status, after implementing the necessary security actions and after that, the airport underwent the strict re-inspection.[14]

    On 16 March 2011, the name of Budapest Ferihegy International Airport was changed to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport.[2]

    Sky Court, the new expansion project including shops, restaurants and lounges, also connecting Terminals 2A and 2B was opened on 27 March 2011. In summer that year, the refurbishing of the old terminal parts in T2 began and was completed in 2012.[15]

    Collapse of Malév, aftermath, and future (2012–present)[edit]

    In the wake of the collapse of Malév, Ryanair announced that it would expand its flights to Liszt airport. Ryanair began selling the flight tickets to the public, but Budapest airport said that the company had not secured all of the necessary slots (which were later negotiated successfully).[16] By 9 February 2012, only six days after the collapse of the Hungarian national carrier, Liszt Ferenc Airport had recovered over 60% of its point to point traffic. Airlines that announced that new services would begin included Wizz Air, Aegean Airlines, Air Berlin, Lufthansa, and Ryanair.

    However, the airport had lost Malév's transfer passengers, which, prior to the airline's collapse, had amounted to 1.5 million passengers per year. A second effect of the Malév collapse was that the areas used to service the Malév fleet would no longer generate revenue even once point to point traffic had been restored. These factors created significant financial shortfalls in the airport's revenues.[17]

    In February 2012, Hainan Airlines announced that they would cease services to Beijing from Budapest.[18] Prior to the collapse of Malév, Hainan had a partnership with Malév,[19] which included a codeshare.[20]

    In May 2013, Hochtief Group announced the sale of its Airports unit HOCHTIEF AirPort which held a stake in the Budapest Airport and other airports to the Canadian Pension fund Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments).[21] Following the sale HOCHTIEF AirPort was renamed AviAlliance.[22]

    In July 2015, the ownership of Budapest Airport was the following:

    261 million euros was spent on expanding and modernising the airport infrastructure until December 2012. Several of these future projects[clarification needed] involve about further 300 million euros, and depend on regulatory decisions as well as third-party investors.[24] Since 2011, several projects have been completed, including the refurbishment of Terminals 2A and 2B with the inauguration of the Skycourt main departures hall in 2012 and an extension of Terminal 2B in 2018,[25] the construction of a new business and cargo area called Budapest Airport Business Park[26][27] as well as a new airport hotel[28] and expanded car parking facilities.

    In 2014, Emirates opened daily flights to Dubai, UAE using the Boeing 777-300ER aircraft. It was followed by Air China's flights to Beijing Capital. In 2019, Shanghai Airlines launched a four-times weekly service to Shanghai–Pudong, also with the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.

    In 2015, North American and Middle Eastern carriers announced direct flights to Budapest.[citation needed] In 2018, LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, launching with year-round flights to New York-JFK and Chicago-ORD. In 2018, American Airlines resumed flights to Budapest. American Airlines this time flew from Philadelphia, after flights from New York-JFK were suspended in 2011. PHL-BUD[clarification needed] operated for the two summers of 2018 and 2019, May–October, and was planned to continue the following summers as well. Chicago-ORD flights were planned to start in 2020, but were axed in April 2020, just a month before the inaugural flight. LOT Polish Airlines axed their Chicago-ORD flight in August 2019, just days after American Airlines announced plans to operate the same route starting May 2020.[citation needed] Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all, with more than 60 destinations.[citation needed]

    There are further projects for the expansion of the airport, including a new cargo facilities area as well as a new Terminal 3,[29] formerly called Terminal 2C and originally planned by 2020. In a 2021 interview, however, the newly appointed CEO stated that the construction of the new passenger hall could commence in 2025.[30]

    In 2020, according to a report from Bloomberg, the Hungarian government was looking at buying the airport from its foreign owners such as GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund) and Canadian AviAlliance. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán was opposed to the 2005 privatization.[31] In September 2023 the government made a formal bid to buy Budapest Airport.[32]

    On June 6, 2024, the government of Hungary announced that, together with Vinci Airports, they have purchased Budapest Airport, the operator of Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport, from its previous owners.[33] Hungary and Vinci, after paying €3.1 billion in cash and assuming a net debt of €1.2 billion, now hold 80% and 20% ownership of the capital's airport, respectively. [34] Vinci Airports will be the platform operator for decades to come, with a concession expiring in 2080.[35] Mate Loga, State Secretary for Economic Strategy was appointed to be the Chairman of Budapest Airport, while Francois Bérisot serves as CEO now.

    Terminals[edit]

    The now defunct Terminal 1
    Terminal 2B
    Sky Court, the connection building between Terminals 2A and 2B which now houses the main departures waiting hall and shopping area
    Sky Court interior

    The airport's passenger buildings consist of four main areas:

    Terminal 1 (closed)[edit]

    From 1 September 2005, re-opened Terminal 1 served low-cost carriers. Terminal 1 is divided into Schengen and Non-Schengen boarding gates.[36]

    Being located within the premises of Budapest, it offers faster public transport time to the city centre, compared to the Terminal 2 about 3 kilometres farther. (Terminal 1 offers an about 20 minutes direct train journey to Budapest city centre, while Terminal 2 requires an 8-minute bus ride to the train station).[37]

    On 14 March 2012, Budapest Airport announced that due to the traffic levels being too low in Terminal 1, extra capacity in Terminal 2, and cost saving, Terminal 1 will be closed temporarily. On 30 May 2012 all airlines were moved to Terminal 2, the low-cost airlines using now the check-in desks at hall 2B and gates at a makeshift shed outside the main building. This shed now does not operate, a new pier was opened instead.

    Sky Court between Terminal 2A and 2B[edit]

    Sky Court is a state-of-the-art building between terminals 2A and 2B with 5 levels. Passenger safety checks were moved here along with new baggage classifiers and business class lounges, such as the first MasterCard lounge in Europe.[38] New shops, restaurants and cafés were placed in the new building's transit hall. With the opening of Skycourt the Terminal 2 has become capable of receiving about 11 million passengers a year, instead of the former joint capacity of about 7 million. [citation needed]

    Terminal 2A[edit]

    The Schengen terminal, and formerly the "only" Terminal 2. It was inaugurated on 1 November 1985 for the exclusive use of the homeland carrier Malév Hungarian Airlines, and later renamed in 1998 to Terminal 2A. Its check-in hall serves all Skyteam and Star Alliance member airlines currently. Within its boarding area (Gates A1-A33) and arrivals level, it serves all flights to and from the Schengen-zone destinations of any airline.

    Terminal 2B[edit]

    The non-Schengen terminal, it is referred to as a separate object, opened in December 1998. Its check-in hall serves all flights of the OneWorld-alliance (intra- and extra-Schengen as well), as well as many other non-aligned airlines. For flights of the Hungarian low-cost airliner Wizz Air check-in desks can also be found at this terminal. However, its boarding (Gates B1-B44) and arriving area serve exclusively non-Schengen destinations.

    Pier 2B[edit]

    The project "Pier B" was started on 9 January 2017. The new state-of-the-art building was opened on 1 August 2018, and it is connected directly to Terminal 2B. It is 220 meters long and it includes 27 boarding gates and 10 jetbridges, which can serve more wide-body aircraft at the same time. The pier was planned to offer flexibility for traditional and low-cost airlines with boarding options via jetbridges, buses or walking directly to the aircraft.

    Airlines and destinations[edit]

    Passenger[edit]

    As of December 2023, the following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services to and from Budapest Ferenc Liszt Airport:[39]

    AirlinesDestinations
    Aegean Airlines Athens
    Aer Lingus Dublin[40]
    Aeroexpress Regional Cluj-Napoca[41]
    Air Cairo Seasonal: Hurghada[42]
    Air China Beijing–Capital,[43] Chongqing[44]
    Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
    Air Serbia Belgrade[45]
    airBaltic Riga
    AJet Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[46]
    Arkia Seasonal: Tel Aviv
    Austrian Airlines Vienna
    Bluebird Airways Tel Aviv[47]
    British Airways London–Heathrow
    Brussels Airlines Brussels
    China Southern Airlines Guangzhou[48]
    easyJet Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva, London–Gatwick, Lyon, Paris–Charles de Gaulle (begins 27 October 2024)[49]
    Egyptair Cairo, Hurghada[50]
    El Al Tel Aviv[51]
    Emirates Dubai–International
    Eurowings Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Stuttgart
    Finnair Helsinki
    flydubai Dubai–International
    Hainan Airlines Shenzhen (begins 2 August 2024)[52]
    Iberia Madrid
    Israir Airlines Seasonal: Tel Aviv[53]
    Jet2.com Birmingham, Leeds/Bradford, Manchester
    Seasonal: Newcastle upon Tyne
    KLM Amsterdam
    Korean Air Seoul–Incheon[54]
    LOT Polish Airlines Seoul–Incheon, Warsaw–Chopin
    Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
    Luxair Luxembourg
    Norwegian Air Shuttle Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda
    Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökcen
    Seasonal charter: Antalya
    Qanot Sharq Tashkent[55]
    Qatar Airways Doha
    Ryanair[56] Alicante, Amman–Queen Alia[citation needed], Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Beauvais, Belfast–International, Bergamo, Berlin, Billund, Birmingham, Bologna, Bristol, Cagliari, Catania, Charleroi, Copenhagen, Dublin, Edinburgh, Gran Canaria, Lisbon, Liverpool (begins 28 October 2024),[57] London–Stansted, Madrid, Málaga, Malta, Manchester, Marseille, Milan–Malpensa,[58] Naples, Nuremberg, Palermo, Paphos, Pisa, Porto, Prague, Rome–Ciampino, Shannon, Stockholm–Arlanda, Sofia, Tel Aviv,[59] Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Tirana,[60] Toulouse (begins 28 October 2024),[61] Treviso, Valencia, Warsaw–Modlin
    Seasonal: Alghero, Bournemouth, Burgas, Chania, Corfu, East Midlands, Faro,[62] Gothenburg, Hahn,[63] Lanzarote, Mykonos, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza/Lefkada, Rhodes, Rimini, Seville, Skiathos,[64] Trieste,[65] Zadar, Zakynthos
    Shanghai Airlines Ningbo,[66] Shanghai–Pudong,[67] Xi'an[68]
    Smartwings Seasonal charter: Antalya, Barcelona, Burgas, Corfu, Heraklion, Hurghada, Karpathos, Kefalonia, Marsa Alam, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza/Aktion,[69] Rhodes, Sharm El Sheikh, Tirana, Zakynthos[70][71]
    SunExpress Seasonal: Antalya,[72] İzmir[73]
    Swiss International Air Lines Zürich
    TAROM Bucharest–Otopeni
    TUI Airways Seasonal: London–Gatwick,[74] Manchester[75]
    Turkish Airlines Istanbul
    Wizz Air[76] Abu Dhabi, Alicante, Amman–Queen Alia, Athens, Baku, Barcelona, Bari, Basel/Mulhouse, Berlin, Birmingham, Brașov,[77] Brussels,[77] Bucharest–Otopeni,[77] Catania, Charleroi, Chișinău, Copenhagen,[78] Dortmund, Dubai–International, Eindhoven, Funchal, Giza,[79] Glasgow,[80] Hurghada, Istanbul, Jeddah, Kutaisi, Larnaca, Lisbon, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, Madrid, Málaga, Malta, Milan–Malpensa, Naples, Nice, Paris–Orly, Podgorica, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, Sharm El Sheikh,[78] Skopje, Stockholm–Arlanda,[81] Stuttgart,[77] Târgu Mureș, Tel Aviv,[82] Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Tirana, Valencia,[77] Warsaw–Chopin, Yerevan[77]
    Seasonal: Alghero, Antalya,[83] Burgas, Chania, Corfu, Gran Canaria (begins 22 October 2024),[84] Heraklion, Palma de Mallorca, Rhodes, Santorini, Zakynthos

    Cargo[edit]

    AirlinesDestinations
    Cargolux[85][86] Ashgabat, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou
    FedEx Express[87] Paris–Charles de Gaulle
    Hungary Air Cargo[88] Zhengzhou
    Korean Air Cargo[89] Frankfurt, Seoul–Incheon
    My Freighter[90] Tashkent[91]
    Qatar Airways Cargo[92] Doha, Prague
    SF Airlines[93] Ezhou
    Sichuan Airlines Cargo[94] Almaty, Chengdu–Shuangliu
    Turkish Cargo[95] Istanbul
    UPS Airlines[96] Cologne/Bonn

    Statistics[edit]

    Traffic figures[edit]

    Traffic by calendar year. Official ACI Statistics
    Passengers Change from previous year Aircraft operations Change from previous year Cargo
    (metric tons)
    Change from previous year
    2010 8,179,406 Increase 01.2% 105 507 Decrease 03.9% 65,515 Increase 020.5%
    2011 8,911,273 Increase 09.0% 109,949 Increase 04.2% 106,595 Increase 029.0%
    2012 8,493,569 Decrease 04.7% 87,560 Decrease 020.4% 93,125 Decrease 012.6%
    2013 8,510,896 Increase 00.2% 83,830 Decrease 04.3% 92,112 Decrease 01.1%
    2014 9,146,723 Increase 07.5% 86,682 Increase 03.4% 89,987 Decrease 02.3%
    2015 10,289,180 Increase 012.5% 92,294 Increase 06.5% 91,421 Increase 01.6%
    2016 11,441,999 Increase 011.1% 96,141 Increase 04.3% 112,142 Increase 022.7%
    2017 13,097,239 Increase 014.5% 102,747 Increase 06.4% 127,145 Increase 011.8%
    2018 14,867,491 Increase 013.5% 115,028 Increase 012.0% 146,113 Increase 015.2%
    2019 16,173,489 Increase 08.8% 122,814 Increase 06.7% 135,521 Decrease 07.2%
    2020 3,665,317 Decrease 069.6% n.a. Increase 00.0% 134,459 Decrease 00.8%
    2021 4,622,882 Increase 026.1% n.a. Increase 00.0% 183,362 Increase 036.4%
    2022 12,205,070 Increase0164.0% n.a. Increase 0 * 194,000 Increase 05.8%
    2023 14,701,080 Increase020.5% n.a. Increase 0 * 201,306 Increase 03.8%

    Top destinations[edit]

    Busiest routes (2019)
    Rank Airport Passengers handled % change
    2018/19
    1 Germany Frankfurt 725,600 Increase10
    2 United Kingdom London-Luton 568,081 Increase1
    3 Israel Tel Aviv 509,371 Increase18
    4 France Paris–Charles de Gaulle 487,029 Increase5
    5 Netherlands Amsterdam 454,181 Steady 0
    6 United Kingdom London–Stansted 440,792 Increase3
    7 Spain Barcelona 380,331 Increase10
    8 United Kingdom London-Heathrow 371,288 Increase2
    9 Belgium Brussels–Charleroi 339,734 Decrease6
    10 Germany Munich 338,095 Steady 0
    11 Poland Warsaw-Chopin 313,642 Increase20
    12 United Kingdom London–Gatwick 305,005 Increase75
    13 Spain Madrid 299,208 Increase6
    14 Netherlands Eindhoven 295,990 Increase10
    15 Italy Rome–Fiumicino 286,987 Increase5
    16 Germany Berlin–Schönefeld 284,145 Decrease17
    17 Russia Moscow–Sheremetyevo 263,815 Increase10
    18 Republic of Ireland Dublin 257,550 Increase8
    19 Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse 250,544 Increase39
    20 Italy Milan–Malpensa 243,221 Increase1
    21 Switzerland Zurich 235,851 Increase1
    22 Czech Republic Prague 233,067 Increase16
    23 Denmark Copenhagen 231,472 Decrease4
    24 Finland Helsinki 229,137 Decrease7
    25 Turkey Istanbul 214,130 Increase 214
    26 Norway Oslo–Gardermoen 211,433 Increase28
    27 Greece Athens 208,527 Increase19
    28 United Arab Emirates Dubai–International 207,802 Decrease6
    29 Qatar Doha 207,068 Increase24
    30 Belgium Brussels–National 201,870 Decrease2
    Busiest routes (2018)
    Rank Airport Passengers
    handled
    % change
    2017/18
    Rank Airport Passengers
    handled
    % change
    2017/18
    Europe 16 Finland Helsinki 246,616 Increase8
    1 Germany Frankfurt 661,820 Increase47 17 Denmark Copenhagen 241,153 Increase2
    2 United Kingdom London–Luton 564,603 Decrease2 18 Italy Milan-Malpensa 240,803 Increase8
    3 France Paris–Charles de Gaulle 462,651 Decrease2 19 Russia Moscow–Sheremetyevo 240,499 Increase22
    4 Netherlands Amsterdam 452,509 Increase2 20 Republic of Ireland Dublin 238,254 Increase1
    5 United Kingdom London–Stansted 427,507 Increase9 21 Switzerland Zürich 234,034 Increase4
    6 United Kingdom London–Heathrow 363,483 Increase9 22 Belgium Brussels–National 205,501 Increase1
    7 Belgium Brussels–Charleroi 361,246 Increase3 23 Czech Republic Prague 200,864 Increase83
    8 Spain Barcelona 345,210 Increase32 24 Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse 180,060 Increase88
    9 Germany Berlin–Schönefeld 344,042 Increase45 25 Greece Athens 175,781 Increase14
    10 Germany Munich 337,577 Decrease2 26 United Kingdom London–Gatwick 174,312 Decrease19
    11 Spain Madrid 281,704 Increase22 27 Italy Bergamo 167,626 Increase23
    12 Turkey Istanbul–Atatürk 277,848 Increase13 Outside Europe
    13 Italy Rome–Fiumicino 273,830 Increase13 1 Israel Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion 430,502 Increase19
    14 Netherlands Eindhoven 268,155 Increase2 2 United Arab Emirates Dubai–International 220,589 Steady
    15 Poland Warsaw–Chopin 262,000 Increase10 3 Qatar Doha 167,532 Increase29
    Busiest routes (2017)
    Rank Airport Passengers
    handled
    % change
    2016/17
    1 United Kingdom London–Luton 574,074 Steady
    2 France Paris–Charles de Gaulle 471,911 Increase10
    3 Germany Frankfurt 449,214 Increase7
    4 Netherlands Amsterdam 443,957 Increase12
    5 United Kingdom London–Stansted 390,608 Increase6
    6 Israel Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion 363,235 Increase21
    7 Belgium Brussels–Charleroi 350,152 Increase12
    8 Germany Munich 343,275 Increase4
    9 United Kingdom London–Heathrow 333,780 Increase1
    10 Netherlands Eindhoven 262,914 Increase6
    11 Spain Barcelona 262,497 Increase8
    12 Turkey Istanbul–Atatürk 246,337 Increase5
    13 Italy Rome–Fiumicino 243,231 Decrease10
    14 Poland Warsaw–Chopin 238,238 Increase12
    15 Germany Berlin–Schönefeld 237,772 Increase74
    16 Denmark Copenhagen 237,313 Increase5
    17 Republic of Ireland Dublin 235,418 Increase2
    18 Spain Madrid 230,734 Increase2
    19 Finland Helsinki 227,907 Increase8
    20 Switzerland Zurich 224,605 Increase19
    21 Italy Milan–Malpensa 223,112 Increase5
    22 United Arab Emirates Dubai–International 221,132 Increase21
    23 United Kingdom London–Gatwick 213,920 Decrease6
    24 Belgium Brussels–National 203,636 Increase13
    25 Russia Moscow–Sheremetyevo 197,455 Increase18
    26 Germany Berlin-Tegel 181,310 Decrease6
    27 Norway Oslo 166,229 Decrease9
    28 United Kingdom Manchester 152,710 Increase11
    29 Italy Rome–Ciampino 141,525 Increase15
    30 Germany Düsseldorf 136,259 Increase13

    Other facilities[edit]

    Ground transportation[edit]

    Public transport[edit]

    Local buses[edit]

    Bus line 100E (bus service to and from the airport and the city center)

    Budapesti Közlekedési Központ (BKK), the public transit authority for Budapest, operates two major express bus services to the airport: 100E and 200E. Route 100E—modeled after the OrlyBus and RoissyBus airport bus services in Paris—provides nonstop service to the city center, stopping only at Kálvin tér and Deák Ferenc tér. Standard tickets and passes cannot be used on this route; a higher-fare ticket must be bought on board or at the airport's BKK ticket machines.

    Bus route 200E provides service from the airport to Kőbánya-Kispest station, the nearest station of the Budapest Metro. Standard tickets and passes are valid on this route.

    Long-distance buses[edit]

    Flixbus operates long-distance routes from the airport to numerous Central European cities, including Prague, Vienna, Timișoara, and Sibiu.

    Rail[edit]

    Hungarian State Railways (MÁV) services stop at the nearby Ferihegy railway station, which can be accessed from Terminal 2 by bus route 200E. Trips into the city center from Ferihegy station take approximately 25 minutes, but service is infrequent. Ferihegy station formerly served the airport's Terminal 1, which no longer hosts passenger air services.

    Taxi[edit]

    Budapest Airport's official Taxi partner is Főtaxi which has a taxi order stand at both arrival site's exit (outside the building).[101]

    Bus 200E (bus service from the airport to the nearest metro station, Kőbánya-Kispest)

    Mini buses and shuttles[edit]

    Several companies operate airport shuttles taking passengers to any destination in the city. Other shuttles and coach services exist to outlying towns in Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Serbia. Airport Transfer Budapest

    Accidents and Incidents[edit]

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ "Owners of Budapest Airport Zrt.(Ltd.)". bud (Budapest Airport). 8 December 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015.
  • ^ "Kiderült, melyik városokba utaztak a legtöbben tavaly a ferihegyi reptérről". 20 January 2024.
  • ^ "ACI EUROPE Airport Traffic Report. December, Q4 and Full Year 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  • ^ "Hungary AIP (final, November 12, 2015)". Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  • ^ "Cargo City construction at Budapest Airport". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i "History". bud (Budapest Airport). Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  • ^ "Budapest Airport Facts". www.bud.hu. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  • ^ "PORTFOLIO.HU – Online Financial Journal". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "Press release of Malév Zrt". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ Dunai, Marton and Gergely Szakacs. "Rivals swoop in as Hungary's Malev stops flying Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine." Reuters. Friday 3 February 2012.
  • ^ Kirsten Grieshaber (29 September 2004). "World Briefing – Europe: Germany: Sentencing In 1991 Attack On Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  • ^ "HOCHTIEF AirPort Consortium takes over Budapest Airport". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 25 July 2015.
  • ^ "Budapest airport security status downgraded: Civil aviation". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "Budapest Business Journal". Archived from the original on 18 December 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "New shops opening one after the other". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ Eddy, Kester. "Ryanair vs Budapest: playing dirty? Archived 24 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine" Financial Times. 7 February 2012. Retrieved on 9 February 2012.
  • ^ Simon, Zoltan. "Hungary Seeks Budapest Airport Compromise to Protect Budget." BusinessWeek. 9 February 2012. Retrieved on 9 February 2012.
  • ^ *"Hainan Airlines arrête son Pékin – Budapest." Air Journal. 14 February 2012. Retrieved on 30 August 2012.
  • ^ "Felfüggesztik a Peking-Budapest közvetlen légi járatot." China Radio International. 24 February 2012. Retrieved on 31 August 2012.
  • ^ "Partner airlines." Malév. 3 January 2011. Retrieved on 31 August 2012.
  • ^ "Budapest Airport stake sold to Canadian pension fund manager". Budapest Business Journal.
  • ^ "History – AviAlliance". AviAlliance corporate website.
  • ^ "Ownership of the Budapest Airport". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 23 October 2013.
  • ^ "Részletes repülőjárat információk, parkolási lehetőségek – bud.hu: Property". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 24 December 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  • ^ "New passenger pier inaugurated at Budapest Airport with Astana flight". bud (Budapest Airport). 1 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  • ^ "DHL moves to Budapest Airport Business Park". bud (Budapest Airport). 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "DHL moves to Budapest Airport Business Park". bud (Budapest Airport). 15 December 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "Business Traveller – Szállás – Vendégeket vár az ibis Styles Budapest Airport". Business Traveller Hungary. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  • ^ "2017-re Airport Hotelt, 2020-ra C Terminált épít a Budapest Airport" [By 2017 Airport Hotel by 2020 C Terminal is built by Budapest Airport] (in Hungarian). 8 December 2015.
  • ^ "Terminal 1 could reopen, the construction of Terminal 3 could begin in 2025 at Ferihegy". 13 May 2021.
  • ^ "Orban Allies Seek to Grab Control Over Budapest Airport – Bloomberg". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020.
  • ^ "Hungary's government submits new formal bid for Budapest Airport, shareholder says". Reuters. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  • ^ https://www.portfolio.hu/gazdasag/20240606/visszavasarolta-a-kormany-a-ferihegyi-repuloteret-690783
  • ^ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-06/hungary-and-vinci-buy-budapest-airport-in-4-7-billion-deal
  • ^ https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/VINCI-4725/news/VINCI-acquires-a-20-shareholding-in-the-Budapest-airport-concession-company-and-becomes-the-platfor-46921727/
  • ^ "Budapest Airport is prepared for Schengen accession – as of 30 March, Terminal 2A handles Schengen and Terminal 2B non-Schengen traffic". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "By train". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  • ^ "Emerald Media – First MasterCard Lounge in Europe inaugurated at Budapest Airport". Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  • ^ "Timetable and route planner". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  • ^ "Aer Lingus".
  • ^ "AeroexpressRegional Begins Operation in 5 Sept 2022".
  • ^ "AIR CAIRO 4Q22 NETWORK ADDITIONS SUMMARY – 13OCT22". aeroroutes.com. 13 October 2022.
  • ^ "Air China Resumes Beijing-Budapest Flight". 27 June 2022.
  • ^ "Air China NW22 International Operations – 30OCT22". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  • ^ "Air Serbia reveals third set of new routes". 8 December 2022.
  • ^ "Járatokat indít Budapestre a Turkish Airlines diszkont légitársasága". April 2022.
  • ^ "Bluebird Airways מרחיבה פעילותה עם שלושה יעדים אטרקטיביים מת"א". פספורטניוז (in Hebrew). 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  • ^ "Budapest Airport expands reach with China Southern Airlines partnership and Guangzhou route". Aviation24.be. 11 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  • ^ https://airportal.hu/parizs-es-budapest-kozott-indit-jaratot-osszel-az-easyjet/
  • ^ Liu, Jim (30 September 2020). "EgyptAir Oct 2020 International operations as of 29Sep20". Routesonline.
  • ^ "Israel's El Al to drop UP budget brand". ch-aviation.com. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  • ^ "Hainan Airlines will join the fray from August with a nonstop service between Shenzhen and Budapest". businesstraveller.com. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  • ^ "Israir NS24 Leased Smartwings Boeing 737 Operations". AeroRoutes. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  • ^ "Korean Air Begins Budapest Service from Oct 2022".
  • ^ "Qanot Sharq Moves Budapest / Milan Addition to Late-June 2024". AeroRoutes. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  • ^ "Ryanair". www.ryanair.com.
  • ^ https://www.thebusinessdesk.com/northwest/news/2133194-ljla-to-introduce-new-sunexpress-summer-route-to-turkiye
  • ^ "Ryanair apre tre nuove rotte da Milano Malpensa, compreso il volo giornaliero per Budapest". 5 December 2023.
  • ^ Lifshitz-Klieger, Iris (4 April 2024). "Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair to resume Israel operations". Ynetnews. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  • ^ "Ryanair NS24 Network Additions - 10DEC23".
  • ^ https://centreforaviation.com/news/ryanair-resuming-budapest-toulouse-service-from-late-oct-2024-1263587
  • ^ "Ryanair wznawia hitową trasę z Polski! Znów polecimy do bajecznej Portugalii".
  • ^ "Júniustól újra repül Hahn és Budapest között a Ryanair". 13 January 2024.
  • ^ "Szkiathosz szigetére indít járatot Budapestről a Ryanair". 5 December 2023.
  • ^ "Ryanair Expands Summer Routes from Trieste with Two New Destinations: Budapest and Olbia". 31 January 2024.
  • ^ "Ningbo-Budapest Flight Route is of Great Importance in Light of the War".
  • ^ "China Eastern NW22 International Operations – 30OCT22". AeroRoutes. 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  • ^ "Budapest Airport welcomes return of Xi'An connection with Shanghai Airlines". Aviation24. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  • ^ "Smartwings Hungary NS23 Charter Network Additions".
  • ^ "Travel Service Polska adds Budapest routes in S17". Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  • ^ "Travel Service: Három új útvonal és 13%-os kapacitásbővítés a nyári menetrendben". 27 February 2018.
  • ^ "SunExpress files additional new routes in S19". routesonline.com. 21 February 2019.
  • ^ Liu, Jim. "SunExpress S20 network additions as of 22OCT19". Routesonline. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  • ^ "Tui River Cruises unveils summer 2024 programme".
  • ^ "Tui River Cruises unveils summer 2024 programme".
  • ^ "WIZZ – Dream more. Live more. Be more".
  • ^ a b c d e f "BREAKING: Hungarian Wizz Air launches six new flights from Budapest! - UPDATED - Daily News Hungary". 28 February 2024.
  • ^ a b "Új útvonalakat jelentett be a Wizz Air, már ide is elrepítenek októbertől | Startlap Utazás". 21 March 2023.
  • ^ "Kairóba indít járatokat Budapestről a Wizz Air". 15 June 2023.
  • ^ "Airline giant quits Scottish airport to launch flights from rival city". 5 October 2023.
  • ^ "Wizz Air establishes operations at Stockholm Arlanda with two new direct routes". 26 September 2023.
  • ^ "Wizz Air Flights to Operate Again between Budapest and Tel Aviv". Hungary Today. 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  • ^ "Wizz Air ÚJ JÁRATOK Magyarországról Isztambulba és Antalyába". 19 January 2023.
  • ^ https://hungarytoday.hu/wizz-air-to-launch-new-flight-from-budapest-to-the-exotic-gran-canaria/
  • ^ cargolux.com – Network & Offices retrieved 24 July 2020
  • ^ "Cargolux Schedule Worldwide May 2023" (PDF). Cargolux. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  • ^ airlineroutemaps.com – FedEx retrieved 14 August 2022
  • ^ aircargonews.net retrieved 22 December 2022
  • ^ "Korean Air launches direct ICN-BUD cargo flight". AIRCARGOWORLD.COM. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  • ^ – My Freighter retrieved 1 february 2024
  • ^ "My Freighter routes and destinations". Flightradar24. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  • ^ qrcargo.com retrieved 12 September 2019
  • ^ "SF Airlines launches China-Hungary route". Stat Times. 18 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  • ^ [1] retrieved 24 July 2020
  • ^ turkishcargo.com – Flight Schedule retrieved 24 July 2020
  • ^ airlineroutemaps.com – UPS retrieved 24 July 2020
  • ^ "Company overview." Archived 12 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Wizz Air. Retrieved on 11 December 2011. "Wizz Air Hungary Airlines Ltd. BUD International Airport Building 221 H-1185 Budapest"
  • ^ a b "Property development". bud (Budapest Airport). Archived from the original on 24 December 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  • ^ "Our Offices." Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Farnair Europe. Retrieved on 19 February 2012. "H-1185 Budapest Liszt Ferenc ROK 17. Hungary"
  • ^ "MALÉV HEADQUARTERS MOVES BACK TO BUDAPEST AIRPORT." Malév Hungarian Airlines. 20 April 2011. Retrieved on 4 February 2012.
  • ^ "BUD's website about their official taxi partner". bud (Budapest Airport). Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  • ^ Accident description for HA-TSA at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on October 10, 2023.
  • ^ Accident description for HA-MOH at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on October 10, 2023.
  • ^ Accident description for HA-LBD at the Aviation Safety Network
  • External links[edit]

    Media related to Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

  • Aviation

  • Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport&oldid=1234490538"

    Categories: 
    1950 establishments in Hungary
    Airports established in 1950
    Airports in Hungary
    Transport in Budapest
    History of Budapest
    Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in the European Theater
    Franz Liszt
    Hidden categories: 
    Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
    Webarchive template wayback links
    CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)
    CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)
    Articles with short description
    Short description matches Wikidata
    Use dmy dates from December 2022
    Articles needing additional references from September 2016
    All articles needing additional references
    Articles containing Hungarian-language text
    Coordinates on Wikidata
    Pages using infobox airport with unknown parameters
    Pages with Hungarian IPA
    All articles with unsourced statements
    Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016
    Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016
    Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016
    All articles with dead external links
    Articles with dead external links from July 2017
    Articles with permanently dead external links
    Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2024
    Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023
    Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024
    Commons category link is on Wikidata
    Articles with VIAF identifiers
    Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers
    Articles with GND identifiers
     



    This page was last edited on 14 July 2024, at 16:52 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki